1
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Minussi FB, Silva RM, Moraes JCS, Araújo EB. Organic cations in halide perovskite solid solutions: exploring beyond size effects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:20770-20784. [PMID: 39072678 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02419b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Halide perovskites are a class of materials of consolidated optoelectronic and electrochemical applications, reaching efficiencies compared to established materials in respective fields. In this scenario, the design and understanding of composition-structure-property relations is imperative. In solid solutions containing mixed cations, some direct relations between the sizes of the substituents and the properties of perovskites are generally observed. However, in several cases, these relations are not observed, implying that other characteristics of these cations play a major role. Despite its importance, this understanding has not been comprehensively deepened. To address this issue, we synthesized and characterized the structure, electrical behavior, and stability of methylammonium lead iodide-based perovskites with equal amounts of the substituents guanidinium, ethylammonium, and acetamidinium. These three large organic cations have essentially equal sizes but other remarkably different characteristics, such as the number of N-H bonds, intrinsic dipole moment, and order of C-N bonds. Herein, we show that these cations have dramatically different effects over important fundamental and applied properties of resulting perovskites, including the orthorhombic-to-tetragonal and tetragonal-to-cubic phase transitions, microstructural development, ionic conductivity, I-V hysteresis, electronic carrier mobility, and stability against light-induced degradation. These effects are correlated with the characteristics of the large substituent cations and help pave the way for a better rational chemical design of halide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- F B Minussi
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, São Paulo State University, Ilha Solteira, 15385-007, SP, Brazil.
| | - R M Silva
- Department of Electrical Engineering, São Paulo State University, Ilha Solteira, 15385-007, SP, Brazil
| | - J C S Moraes
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, São Paulo State University, Ilha Solteira, 15385-007, SP, Brazil.
| | - E B Araújo
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, São Paulo State University, Ilha Solteira, 15385-007, SP, Brazil.
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2
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Li R, Wang Z, Zhu T, Ye H, Wu J, Liu X, Luo J. Stereochemically Active Lone Pair Induced Polar Tri-layered Perovskite for Record-Performance Polarized Photodetection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308445. [PMID: 37574445 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Bulk photovoltaic effect, a promising optoelectronic phenomenon for generating polarized dependent steady-state photocurrent, has been widely applied in various photodetectors. However, incorporating stereochemically active lone pair to construct bulk photovoltage in organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIHP) is still elusive and challenging. Herein, bulk photovoltage (1.2 V) has been successfully achieved by introducing the stereo-chemically active lone pair perovskitizer to construct a polar tri-layered hybrid perovskite, namely, (IBA)2 MHy2 Pb3 Br10 (1, IBA=iso-butylamine, MHy=methylhydrazine). Strikingly, owning to the promising bulk photovoltage, 1-based detectors exhibit an ultra-highly sensitive polarized photodetection (polarization ratio of up to 24.6) under self-powered mode. This ratio surpasses all the reported two-dimension OIHP single-crystal photodetectors. In addition, detectors exhibit outstanding responsivity (≈200 mA W-1 ) and detectivity (≈2.4×1013 Jones). More excitingly, further investigation confirms that lone pair electrons in MHy+ result in the separation of positive and negative charges to produce directional dipoles, which further directional alignment to generate bulk photovoltage, thereby resulting in polarization-dependent photocurrent. Our findings provide a new demonstration for polar multilayer materials' construction and may open opportunities for a host of high-sensitive polarized photodetection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zirui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Huang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xitao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Junhua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
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3
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Garrote-Márquez A, Lodeiro L, Suresh R, Cruz Hernández N, Grau-Crespo R, Menéndez-Proupin E. Hydrogen Bonds in Lead Halide Perovskites: Insights from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:15901-15910. [PMID: 37609385 PMCID: PMC10440809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c02376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen bonds (HBs) play an important role in the rotational dynamics of organic cations in hybrid organic/inorganic halide perovskites, thus affecting the structural and electronic properties of the perovskites. However, the properties and even the existence of HBs in these perovskites are not well established. In this study, we investigate HBs in perovskites MAPbBr3 (MA+ = CH3NH3+), FAPbI3 (FA+ = CH(NH2)2+), and their solid solution with composition (FAPbI3)7/8(MAPbBr3)1/8, using ab initio molecular dynamics and electronic structure calculations. We consider HBs donated by X-H fragments (X = N and C) of the organic cations and accepted by the halides (Y = Br and I) and characterize their properties based on pair distribution functions and on a combined distribution function of the hydrogen-acceptor distance with the donor-hydrogen-acceptor angle. By analyzing these functions, we establish geometrical criteria for HB existence based on the hydrogen-acceptor (H-Y) distance and donor-hydrogen-acceptor angle (X-H-Y). The distance condition is defined as d(H - Y) < 3 Å for N-H-donated HBs and d(H - Y) < 4 Å for C-H-donated HBs. The angular condition is 135° < (X - H - Y) < 180° for both types of HBs. A HB is considered to be formed when both angular and distance conditions are simultaneously satisfied. At the simulated temperature (350 K), the HBs dynamically break and form. We compute the time correlation functions of HB existence and HB lifetimes, which range between 0.1 and 0.3 ps at that temperature. The analysis of HB lifetimes indicates that N-H-Br bonds are relatively stronger than N-H-I bonds, while C-H-Y bonds are weaker, with a minimal influence from the halide and cation. To evaluate the impact of HBs on the vibrational spectra, we present the power spectrum in the region of N-H and C-H stretching modes, comparing them with the normal mode frequencies of isolated cations. We show that the peaks associated with N-H stretching modes in perovskites are redshifted and asymmetrically deformed, while the C-H peaks do not exhibit these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Garrote-Márquez
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada I, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41011, Spain
| | - Lucas Lodeiro
- Departamento
de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Ñuñoa 7800003, Chile
| | - Rahul Suresh
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada I, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41011, Spain
- International
Research Center of Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry - IRC SQC, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny pr., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Norge Cruz Hernández
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada I, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41011, Spain
| | - Ricardo Grau-Crespo
- Department
of Chemistry, Whiteknights, University of
Reading, Reading RG6 6DX, UK
| | - Eduardo Menéndez-Proupin
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada I, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41011, Spain
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4
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Zhang Y, Tan Y, Dong Y, Dai L, Ren C, Zhang F, Zeng L, An F, Li C, Huang B, Zhong G, Li J. High-Throughput Scanning Second-Harmonic-Generation Microscopy for Polar Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300348. [PMID: 36916868 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The Materials Genome Initiative aims to discover, develop, manufacture, and deploy advanced materials at twice the speed of conventional approaches. To achieve this, high-throughput characterization is essential for the rapid screening of candidate materials. In this study, a high-throughput scanning second-harmonic-generation microscope with automatic partitioning, accurate positioning, and fast scanning is developed that can rapidly probe and screen polar materials. Using this technique, typical ferroelectrics, including periodically poled lithium niobate crystals and PbZr0.2 Ti0.8 O3 (PZT) thin films are first investigated, whereby the microscopic domain structures are clearly revealed. This technique is then applied to a compositional-gradient (100-x)%BaTiO3 -x%SrTiO3 film and a thickness-gradient PZT film to demonstrate its high-throughput capabilities. Since the second-harmonic-generation signal is correlated with the macroscopic remnant polarization over the probed region determined by the laser spot, it is free of artifacts arising from leakage current and electrostatic interference, while materials' symmetries and domain structures must be carefully considered in the data analysis. It is believed that this work can help promote the high-throughput development of polar materials and contribute to the Materials Genome Initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yangchun Tan
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yangda Dong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Liyufen Dai
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chuanlai Ren
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Fengyuan Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Lingping Zeng
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Feng An
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Changjian Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Boyuan Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Gaokuo Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jiangyu Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
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5
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Yu J, Huang B, Zheng X, Wang H, Chen F, Xie S, Wang Q, Li J. Spatiotemporally Correlated Imaging of Interfacial Defects and Photocurrents in High Efficiency Triple-Cation Mixed-Halide Perovskites. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200523. [PMID: 35266302 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Triple-cation mixed-halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention due to their excellent photovoltaic properties and enhanced stability, though the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is still far below the theoretical expectation. In order to understand the microscopic mechanisms responsible for the gap, a Cs0.05 (FA0.85 MA0.15 )0.95 Pb(I0.85 Br0.15 )3 (CsFAMA)-based solar cell with respectful efficiency over 20% is examined, and distinct high- and low-current regions are observed in photoconductive atomic force microscopy (pc-AFM) mapping. Simulations attribute the difference in local photocurrents to interfacial donor defect densities at the NiO/CsFAMA interface, which is supported by electrochemical strain microscopy (ESM) mapping, revealing a negative correlation between ionic defects and photocurrents. The interfacial defects can be further manipulated by external bias upon relaxation study, resulting in reduced photocurrents accompanied by topography change when positive ions are driven toward the NiO/CsFAMA interface. It is also observed that both structure variation and photocurrent degradation upon accelerated aging test initiate at grain boundaries, which gradually expand at the expense of grain interior, suggesting that ionic defects are most active at grain boundaries. These findings render a direct correlation between interfacial defects and photocurrents while revealing degradation evolution, and if such interfacial defects heterogeneity can be mitigated, PCE toward the theoretical limit with enhanced stability can be envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxi Yu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology of Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Boyuan Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Xue Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Shuhong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology of Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, China
| | - Qingyuan Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, P.R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jiangyu Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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6
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Zheng X, Ming W, Liu P, Zhang J, Zhou H, Chen M, Li W, Huang B, Wang H, Yang C. Ionic migration induced loss analysis of perovskite solar cells: a poling study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:7805-7814. [PMID: 35297453 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05450c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the interplay between ionic migration and defect trapping in photovoltaic perovskites is critical to develop targeted passivation techniques for performance enhancement. In this study, systematic poling experiments on Cs0.05(FA0.85MA0.15)0.95Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were conducted to resolve the principal effects of bias dependent pretreatment effects due to dynamic ionic migration. We find that under negative polarizations, iodine ion accumulation at perovskite/electron transport layer (ETL) interfaces causes enhanced global non-radiative recombination in PSCs and significant open-circuit voltage (Voc) losses. On the other hand, dramatic short-circuit current (Jsc) reduction occurs in positively polarized devices, which is ascribed to ineffective charge collection due to modified band-bending towards both charge transport materials. Spatiotemporally scanning probe microscopy on the surface of polarized perovskites provides an in situ estimation of iodine diffusion mobility and visualization of reorganizations under an external bias. Moreover, our findings suggest that the precondition effect of PSCs under operation due to defect ions is recoverable, therefore achieving a respectable lifetime of PSCs for commercialization is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zheng
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Wenjie Ming
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology of Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, China
| | - Pingping Liu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Hongfei Zhou
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Ming Chen
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Weimin Li
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Boyuan Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Chunlei Yang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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7
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Minussi FB, A Silva L, Araújo EB. Structure, optoelectronic properties and thermal stability of the triple organic cation GA xFA xMA 1-2xPbI 3 system prepared by mechanochemical synthesis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:4715-4728. [PMID: 35137746 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04977a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Halide perovskites are a well-known class of materials with many interesting applications. Great attention has been devoted to investigating halide perovskites containing triple methylammonium (MA+), formamidinium (FA+), and guanidinium (GA+) cations. Despite presenting very good applied perspectives so far, the lack of fundamental information for this system, such as its structural, thermal, and optoelectronic characteristics, prompts a step back before any technological leap forward. In the present work, we investigate the physical properties of mechanochemically solvent-free synthesized GAxFAxMA1-2xPbI3 halide perovskite powders with compositions of 0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.15. We demonstrate that the synthesis of the powders can be performed by a simple manual mechanical grinding of the precursors for about 40 minutes, leading to solid solutions with an only minor content of unreacted precursors. X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and infrared spectroscopy techniques were used to investigate the structure, tetragonal-to-cubic phase transition, and vibrational characteristics of the organic cations with increasing GA+ and FA+ contents, respectively. The band gap and Urbach energies, obtained from ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy analyses, ranged from 1.58 to 1.65 eV and 23 to 36 meV, respectively, depending on the composition. These parameters demonstrate a non-random variation with x composition, which offers the possibility of a rational composition design for a given set of desired properties, demonstrating potential for optoelectronic applications. Finally, the system appears to have adequately tolerated heating for 12 hours at 120 °C in an ambient atmosphere, indicating high thermal stability and low ionic conductivity, which are desirable characteristics for solar cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- F B Minussi
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, São Paulo State University, 15385-000 Ilha Solteira, Brazil.
| | - L A Silva
- Department of Engineering, University of Rio Verde, 75901-970 Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - E B Araújo
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, São Paulo State University, 15385-000 Ilha Solteira, Brazil.
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8
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Chen S, Wu C, Han B, Liu Z, Mi Z, Hao W, Zhao J, Wang X, Zhang Q, Liu K, Qi J, Cao J, Feng J, Yu D, Li J, Gao P. Atomic-scale imaging of CH 3NH 3PbI 3 structure and its decomposition pathway. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5516. [PMID: 34535678 PMCID: PMC8448763 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25832-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the atomic structure and structural instability of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites is the key to appreciate their remarkable photoelectric properties and understand failure mechanism. Here, using low-dose imaging technique by direct-detection electron-counting camera in a transmission electron microscope, we investigate the atomic structure and decomposition pathway of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) at the atomic scale. We successfully image the atomic structure of perovskite in real space under ultra-low electron dose condition, and observe a two-step decomposition process, i.e., initial loss of MA+ followed by the collapse of perovskite structure into 6H-PbI2 with their critical threshold doses also determined. Interestingly, an intermediate phase (MA0.5PbI3) with locally ordered vacancies can robustly exist before perovskite collapses, enlightening strategies for prevention and recovery of perovskite structure during the degradation. Associated with the structure evolution, the bandgap gradually increases from ~1.6 eV to ~2.1 eV. In addition, it is found that C-N bonds can be readily destroyed under irradiation, releasing NH3 and HI and leaving hydrocarbons. These findings enhance our understanding of the photoelectric properties and failure mechanism of MAPbI3, providing potential strategies into material optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Chen
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Changwei Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Han
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhetong Liu
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Mi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Weizhong Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jinjin Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Junlei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Jicai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Dapeng Yu
- Department of Physics, South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiangyu Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- Guangdong Provisional Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Peng Gao
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China.
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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