1
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Wang LJ, Zhang ZE, Zhang YZ, Han YF. Cavity-Partitioned Self-Assembled Cage for Sequential Separation in Aqueous Solutions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407278. [PMID: 38924343 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The concept of pore space partition has emerged as an effective strategy for developing improved coordination-based supramolecular porous materials with exceptional performance. Herein, we report that a water-soluble self-assembled tetrahedral cage 1 with a partitioned cavity shown excellent performance as a multifunctional extractant. The results show that this unique partitioned cavity can efficiently separate halogenated adamantanes, adamantane isomers, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Furthermore, the influence of cavity-partitioned cage 1 on the electrochemical properties of redox-active molecules and electrochemically driven reversible host-guest process has also been demonstrated. The findings offer valuable insights into the design and development of new type of materials with controlled phase separation and tailored electrochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P.R. China
| | - Zi-En Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P.R. China
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2
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Wang JX, Li SC, Cai LX, Hu SJ, Zhou LP, Yang J, Sun QF. Stepwise Synthesis of Low-Symmetry Hexacationic Pyridinium Organic Cages. Org Lett 2024; 26:4152-4157. [PMID: 38722029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
An efficient approach was developed for the synthesis of the well-known BlueCage by pre-bridging two 2,4,6-tris(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TPT) panels with one linker followed by cage formation in a much improved yield and shortened reaction time. Such a stepwise methodology was further applied to synthesize three new pyridinium organic cages, C2, C3, and C4, where the low-symmetry cages C3 and C4 with angled panels demonstrated better recognition properties toward 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) than the high-symmetry analogue C2 featuring parallel platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Chuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xuan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Yang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Fu Sun
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
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3
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Zhang M, He Z, Wang L, Zhang X, Li G. Isomorphous Substitution of Organic Cage Crystal by Pd Nanoclusters for Selective Hydrogenation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308400. [PMID: 37948438 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
For supporting active metal, the cavity confinement and mass transfer facilitation lie not in one sack, a trade-off between high activity and good stability of the catalyst is present. Porous organic cages (POCs) are expected to break the trade-off when metal particles are properly loaded. Herein, three organic cages (CC3, RCC3, and FT-RCC3) are employed to support Pd nanoclusters for catalytic hydrogenation. Subnanometer Pd clusters locate differently in different cage frameworks by using the same reverse double-solvents approach. Compared with those encapsulated in the intrinsic cavity of RCC3 and anchored on the outer surface of CC3, the Pd nanoclusters orderly assembled in FT-RCC3 crystal via isomorphous substitution exhibit superior activity, high selectivity, and good stability for semi-hydrogenation of phenylacetylene. Isomorphous substitution of FT-RCC3 crystal by Pd nanoclusters is originated from high crystallization capacity of FT-RCC3 and specific interaction of each Pd nanocluster with four cage windows. Both confinement function and H2 accumulation capacity of FT-RCC3 are fully utilized to support active Pd nanoclusters for efficient selective hydrogenation. The present results provide a new perspective to the heterogeneous catalysis field in terms of crystalizing metal nanoclusters in POC framework and outside the cage for making the best use of both parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zexing He
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiangwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guozhu Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
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4
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Patil ED, Burykina JV, Eremin DB, Boiko DA, Shepelenko KE, Ilyushenkova VV, Chernyshev VM, Ananikov VP. Quantitative Determination of Active Species Transforming the R-NHC Coupling Process under Catalytic Conditions. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:2967-2976. [PMID: 38290512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Palladium complexes with N-heterocyclic carbenes (Pd/NHC) serve as prominent precatalysts in numerous Pd-catalyzed organic reactions. While the evolution of Pd/NHC complexes, which involves the cleavage of the Pd-C(NHC) bond via reductive elimination and dissociation, is acknowledged to influence the catalysis mechanism and the performance of the catalytic systems, conventional analytic techniques [such as NMR, IR, UV-vis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)] frequently fail to quantitatively monitor the transformations of Pd/NHC complexes at catalyst concentrations typical of real-world conditions (below approximately 1 mol %). In this study, for the first time, we show the viability of using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). This approach was combined with the use of selectively deuterated H-NHC, Ph-NHC, and O-NHC coupling products as internal standards, allowing for an in-depth quantitative analysis of the evolution of Pd/NHC catalysts within actual catalytic systems. The reliability of this approach was affirmed by aligning the ESI-MS results with the NMR spectroscopy data obtained at greater Pd/NHC precatalyst concentrations (2-5 mol %) in the Mizoroki-Heck, Sonogashira, and alkyne transfer hydrogenation reactions. The efficacy of the ESI-MS methodology was further demonstrated through its application in the Mizoroki-Heck reaction at Pd/NHC loadings of 5, 0.5, 0.05, and 0.005 mol %. In this work, for the first time, we present a methodology for the quantitative characterization of pivotal catalyst transformation processes commonly observed in M/NHC systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina D Patil
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Julia V Burykina
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry B Eremin
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Daniil A Boiko
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Konstantin E Shepelenko
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, Novocherkassk 346428, Russia
| | - Valentina V Ilyushenkova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Victor M Chernyshev
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, Novocherkassk 346428, Russia
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, Novocherkassk 346428, Russia
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5
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Yang L, Song N, Zhang D, Wang S, Zhou Z. Accurate Matching of a Secondary Amino-Functionality Metal-Organic Cage for Selective Recognition and Supramolecular Binding during Photoinduced Hydrogen Evolution. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:17705-17712. [PMID: 37844205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Accurate matching of the active sites between the host and guest molecules has a great effect on the selective recognition of different but similar guest molecules or different binding abilities toward the same molecule. Herein, a pseudotetrahedral metal-organic cage (MOC, Co-TAP) that contains secondary amino groups designed as guest-interacting sites was achieved. Co-TAP exhibits the selective recognition of uridine over other similar natural molecules via a fluorescent response. However, a reference structure (Co-TOP) with the same configuration was also synthesized by replacing the secondary amine group with an oxygen atom of the ligand, and it reveals the selective recognition of guanosine. In addition, the accurate matching also enables Co-TAP to strongly bind the organic dye as a guest molecule via host-guest interactions, thus facilitating photoinduced electron transfer between the redox catalytic sites in MOC and the excited guest via a pseudointramolecular pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Nuan Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Daopeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Suna Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
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6
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Lu X, Huang JJ, Chen T, Zheng J, Liu M, Wang XY, Li YX, Niu X, Dang LL. A Coordination-Driven Self-Assembly and NIR Photothermal Conversion Study of Organometallic Handcuffs. Molecules 2023; 28:6826. [PMID: 37836669 PMCID: PMC10574444 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their fascinating topological structures and application prospects, coordination supramolecular complexes have continuously been studied by scientists. However, the controlled construction and property study of organometallic handcuffs remains a significant and challenging research subject in the area of supramolecular chemistry. Hence, a series of tetranuclear organometallic and heterometallic handcuffs bearing different size and metal types were rationally designed and successfully synthesized by utilizing a quadridentate pyridyl ligand (tetra-(3-pyridylphenyl)ethylene) based on three Cp*Rh (Cp* = η5-C5Me5) fragments bearing specific longitudinal dimensions and conjugated planes. These results were determined with single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis technology, ESI-MS NMR spectroscopy, etc. Importantly, the photoquenching effect of Cp* groups and the discrepancy of intermolecular π-π stacking interactions between building block and half-sandwich fragments promote markedly different photothermal conversion results. These results will further push the synthesis of topological structures and the development of photothermal conversion materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Jing-Jing Huang
- Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Tian Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Ming Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Xin-Yi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Yu-Xin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Xinkai Niu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
- College of Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Li-Long Dang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
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7
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Abstract
Metallacarboranes have attracted significant attention due to their unique properties. Considerable efforts have been made on the reactions around the metal centers or the metal ion itself, while transformations of functional groups of the metallacarboranes have been much less explored. We presented here the formation of imidazolium-functionalized nickelacarboranes (2), their subsequent conversion to nickelacarborane-supported N-heterocyclic carbenoids (NHCs, 3), and the reactivities of 3 toward Au(PPh3)Cl and Se powder, which resulted in the formation of bis-gold carbene complexes (4) and NHC selenium adducts (5). Cyclic voltammetry of 4 shows two reversible peaks, corresponding to the interconversion transformations NiII ↔ NiIII and NiIII ↔ NiIV. Theoretical calculations demonstrated relatively high-lying lone-pair orbitals, weak B-H···H-C interactions between the BH units and the methyl group, and weak B-H···π interactions between the BH groups and the vacant p-orbital of the carbene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runxia Nan
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang China
- Key Laboratory of Silicone Materials Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang China
| | - Yiwen Li
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang China
- Key Laboratory of Silicone Materials Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang China
| | - Zhouli Zhu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang China
- Key Laboratory of Silicone Materials Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang China
| | - Fan Qi
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang China
- Key Laboratory of Silicone Materials Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang China
| | - Xu-Qiong Xiao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang China
- Key Laboratory of Silicone Materials Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang China
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8
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He C, Zou YH, Si DH, Chen ZA, Liu TF, Cao R, Huang YB. A porous metal-organic cage liquid for sustainable CO 2 conversion reactions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3317. [PMID: 37286561 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Porous liquids are fluids with the permanent porosity, which can overcome the poor gas solubility limitations of conventional porous solid materials for three phase gas-liquid-solid reactions. However, preparation of porous liquids still requires the complicated and tedious use of porous hosts and bulky liquids. Herein, we develop a facile method to produce a porous metal-organic cage (MOC) liquid (Im-PL-Cage) by self-assembly of long polyethylene glycol (PEG)-imidazolium chain functional linkers, calixarene molecules and Zn ions. The Im-PL-Cage in neat liquid has permanent porosity and fluidity, endowing it with a high capacity of CO2 adsorption. Thus, the CO2 stored in an Im-PL-Cage can be efficiently converted to the value-added formylation product in the atmosphere, which far exceeds the porous MOC solid and nonporous PEG-imidazolium counterparts. This work offers a new method to prepare neat porous liquids for catalytic transformation of adsorbed gas molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang He
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fuzhou, P. R. China
- College of Ecological Environment and Urban Construction, Fujian University of Technology, 350118, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Huang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Duan-Hui Si
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Ao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fuzhou, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Fu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fuzhou, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Rong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fuzhou, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China.
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, 350108, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China.
| | - Yuan-Biao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fuzhou, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China.
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9
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Bai S, Han YF. Metal- N-Heterocyclic Carbene Chemistry Directed toward Metallosupramolecular Synthesis and Beyond. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:1213-1227. [PMID: 37126765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusAs versatile, modular, and strongly coordinating moieties in organometallic compounds, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have led to numerous breakthroughs in transition-metal catalysis, main group chemistry, and organocatalysis. In contrast, the chemistry of NHC-based metallosupramolecular assemblies, in which discrete individual components are held together via metal (M)-CNHC bonds, has been underdeveloped. Integrating NHCs into supramolecular assemblies would endow them with some unforeseen functions. However, one of the most critical challenges is seeking an appropriate combination of the rigid CNHC-M-CNHC units with the resulting topologies and applications. Toward this goal, for the last decade we have focused on the development of M-NHC directed toward metallosupramolecular synthesis. This Account aims to summarize our contributions to the application of M-NHC chemistry toward supramolecular synthesis from structural design to postassembly modification (PAM) and their functional applications since integrating NHCs into supramolecular assemblies has garnered much attention among organometallic, photochemical, and supramolecular researchers. While presenting representative examples of NHC-based architectures, we try to illustrate the purposes and concepts behind the systems developed to aid the rational approach to the design and fabrication of complex assemblies and M-NHC-templated photochemical reactions.We present synthetic approaches for new architectures by the rational design of starting NHC precursors, including the poly-NHC-based mechanically interlocked metallacages and the heteroleptic architectures based on electronic complementary and self-sorting mechanisms. The structural regulation of poly-NHC-based architectures with increasing topological complexity is elaborated on by selective combinations of tetraphenylethylene (TPE) units, NHC backbones, and N-wingtip substituents in a controllable manner.Subsequently, we move to elucidating an M-NHC-templated PAM approach that leads to functional organic cages featuring polyimidazolium/triazolium groups of different shapes and sizes that are difficult to access using alternative organic approaches. These organic cages possess well-defined cavities, and their in situ-generated NHC sites are ideal platforms for stabilizing metal nanoparticles (MNPs) within their cavities for improved catalytic performance.Finally, we demonstrate how to design supramolecular M-NHC templates to synthesize cyclobutane derivatives in homogeneous solutions in a catalytic fashion. Selected examples of M-NHC template-dependent structural transformations and photoreactions are discussed. Their applications in molecular recognition, aggregation-induced emission (AIE), cell imaging, anticancer activity, radical chemistry, and stimuli-responsive materials are also described.Taken together, M-NHC-templated approaches have proven to be powerful methods for constructing diverse architectures with functional applications. The development of this methodology is still in its infancy, with tremendous growth potential and a promising future. We believe that this Account will guide researchers to design fascinating and valuable M-carbene species for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Bai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
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10
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Lu S, Morrow DJ, Li Z, Guo C, Yu X, Wang H, Schultz JD, O'Connor JP, Jin N, Fang F, Wang W, Cui R, Chen O, Su C, Wasielewski MR, Ma X, Li X. Encapsulating Semiconductor Quantum Dots in Supramolecular Cages Enables Ultrafast Guest-Host Electron and Vibrational Energy Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5191-5202. [PMID: 36745391 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the field of supramolecular chemistry, host-guest systems have been extensively explored to encapsulate a wide range of substrates, owing to emerging functionalities in nanoconfined space that cannot be achieved in dilute solutions. However, host-guest chemistry is still limited to encapsulation of small guests. Herein, we construct a water-soluble metallo-supramolecular hexagonal prism with a large hydrophobic cavity by anchoring multiple polyethylene glycol chains onto the building blocks. Then, assembled prisms are able to encapsulate quantum dots (QDs) with diameters of less than 5.0 nm. Furthermore, we find that the supramolecular cage around each QD strongly modifies the photophysics of the QD by universally increasing the rates of QD relaxation processes via ultrafast electron and vibrational energy transfer. Taken together, these efforts expand the scope of substrates in host-guest systems and provide a new approach to tune the optical properties of QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Lu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China.,Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Darien J Morrow
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Zhikai Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Chenxing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Xiujun Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Jonathan D Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - James P O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Na Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Fang Fang
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Wu Wang
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Ran Cui
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Ou Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Chenliang Su
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xuedan Ma
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Center for Molecular Quantum Transduction, Northwestern-Argonne Institute of Science and Engineering, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China.,Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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11
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Zhang YF, Zhang YW, Li X, Sun LY, Han YF. Synthesis of triarylborane-centered N-heterocyclic carbene cages with tunable photophysical properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2291-2294. [PMID: 36744641 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06584c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Triarylborane-based discrete metal-carbene supramolecular cages [M3(1)2](PF6)3 (M = Ag, Au) were synthesized and characterized. The new hexacarbene assemblies show a significant solvatochromic effect in solvents of different polarity. Furthermore, the reversible fluoride binding property of [Au3(1)2](PF6)3 was investigated by UV-vis absorption and fluorescence titrations. This work holds promise for future developments in the area of highly emissive and stimulus-responsive NHC-metal assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China.
| | - Ya-Wen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China.
| | - Li-Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China.
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China.
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Wang YS, Li H, Bai S, Wang YY, Han YF. N-Heterocyclic carbene-stabilized platinum nanoparticles within a porphyrinic nanocage for selective photooxidation. Sci China Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1504-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Meng Z, Yang F, Wang X, Shan WL, Liu D, Zhang L, Yuan G. Trefoil-Shaped Metal-Organic Cages as Fluorescent Chemosensors for Multiple Detection of Fe 3+, Cr 2O 72-, and Antibiotics. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1297-1305. [PMID: 36648145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The construction of metal-organic cages (MOCs) with specific structures and fluorescence sensing properties is of much importance and challenging. Herein, a novel phenanthroline-based metal-organic cage, [Cd3L3·6MeOH·6H2O] (1), was synthesized by metal-directed assembly of the ligand 3,3'-[(1E,1'E)-(1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-diyl)bis(ethene-2,1-diyl)]dibenzoic acid (H2L) and CdI2 using a solvothermal method. According to single-crystal X-ray analysis, cage 1 exhibits a rare trefoil-shaped structure. Meanwhile, the discrete MOCs are further stacked into a 3D porous supramolecular structure through abundant intermolecular C-H···O interactions. Additionally, through exploration of fluorescence sensing on cations, anions, and antibiotics in aqueous solution, the experimental results indicate that cage 1 has excellent fluorescence sensing abilities for Fe3+, Cr2O72-, and nitrofuran and nitroimidazole antibiotics. The sensing ability of 1 remains unaltered for five cycles toward all analytes. The above results suggested that cage 1 can be considered a potential multiple sensor for the detection of Fe3+, Cr2O72-, and some antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxin Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, P. R. China
| | - Feinian Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Long Shan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, P. R. China
| | - Liyan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, P. R. China
| | - Guozan Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, P. R. China
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14
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Li X, Wang YL, Wen J, Zheng L, Qian C, Cheng Z, Zuo H, Yu M, Yuan J, Li R, Zhang W, Liao Y. Porous organic polycarbene nanotrap for efficient and selective gold stripping from electronic waste. Nat Commun 2023; 14:263. [PMID: 36650177 PMCID: PMC9845340 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35971-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of N-heterocyclic carbene, a well-known reactive site, in chemical catalysis has long been studied. However, its unique binding and electron-donating properties have barely been explored in other research areas, such as metal capture. Herein, we report the design and preparation of a poly(ionic liquid)-derived porous organic polycarbene adsorbent with superior gold-capturing capability. With carbene sites in the porous network as the "nanotrap", it exhibits an ultrahigh gold recovery capacity of 2.09 g/g. In-depth exploration of a complex metal ion environment in an electronic waste-extraction solution indicates that the polycarbene adsorbent possesses a significant gold recovery efficiency of 99.8%. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy along with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals that the high performance of the polycarbene adsorbent results from the formation of robust metal-carbene bonds plus the ability to reduce nearby gold ions into nanoparticles. Density functional theory calculations indicate that energetically favourable multinuclear Au binding enhances adsorption as clusters. Life cycle assessment and cost analysis indicate that the synthesis of polycarbene adsorbents has potential for application in industrial-scale productions. These results reveal the potential to apply carbene chemistry to materials science and highlight porous organic polycarbene as a promising new material for precious metal recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghao Li
- grid.255169.c0000 0000 9141 4786State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Yong-Lei Wang
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691 Sweden
| | - Jin Wen
- grid.255169.c0000 0000 9141 4786State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Linlin Zheng
- grid.255169.c0000 0000 9141 4786State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Cheng Qian
- grid.255169.c0000 0000 9141 4786State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Zhonghua Cheng
- grid.255169.c0000 0000 9141 4786State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Hongyu Zuo
- grid.255169.c0000 0000 9141 4786State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Mingqing Yu
- grid.255169.c0000 0000 9141 4786State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691 Sweden
| | - Rong Li
- grid.255169.c0000 0000 9141 4786College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Weiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Yaozu Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
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