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Dalui A, Ariga K, Acharya S. Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals: from bottom-up nanoarchitectonics to energy harvesting applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10835-10865. [PMID: 37608724 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02605a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) have been extensively investigated owing to their unique properties induced by the quantum confinement effect. The advent of colloidal synthesis routes led to the design of stable colloidal NCs with uniform size, shape, and composition. Metal oxides, phosphides, and chalcogenides (ZnE, CdE, PbE, where E = S, Se, or Te) are few of the most important monocomponent semiconductor NCs, which show excellent optoelectronic properties. The ability to build quantum confined heterostructures comprising two or more semiconductor NCs offer greater customization and tunability of properties compared to their monocomponent counterparts. More recently, the halide perovskite NCs showed exceptional optoelectronic properties for energy generation and harvesting applications. Numerous applications including photovoltaic, photodetectors, light emitting devices, catalysis, photochemical devices, and solar driven fuel cells have demonstrated using these NCs in the recent past. Overall, semiconductor NCs prepared via the colloidal synthesis route offer immense potential to become an alternative to the presently available device applications. This feature article will explore the progress of NCs syntheses with outstanding potential to control the shape and spatial dimensionality required for photovoltaic, light emitting diode, and photocatalytic applications. We also attempt to address the challenges associated with achieving high efficiency devices with the NCs and possible solutions including interface engineering, packing control, encapsulation chemistry, and device architecture engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Dalui
- Department of Chemistry, Jogamaya Devi College, Kolkata-700026, India
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- International Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Somobrata Acharya
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata-700032, India.
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2
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Lin Q, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Li D, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Li F, Huang W. Flexible Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Device for Emerging Multifunctional and Smart Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210385. [PMID: 36880739 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs), owing to their exceptional performances in device efficiency, color purity/tunability in the visible region and solution-processing ability on various substrates, become a potential candidate for flexible and ultrathin electroluminescent (EL) lighting and display. Moreover, beyond the lighting and display, flexible QLEDs are enabled with endless possibilities in the era of the internet of things and artificial intelligence by acting as input/output ports in wearable integrated systems. Challenges remain in the development of flexible QLEDs with the goals for high performance, excellent flexibility/even stretchability, and emerging applications. In this paper, the recent developments of QLEDs including quantum dot materials, working mechanism, flexible/stretchable strategies and patterning strategies, and highlight its emerging multifunctional integrations and smart applications covering wearable optical medical devices, pressure-sensing EL devices, and neural smart EL devices, are reviewed. The remaining challenges are also summarized and an outlook on the future development of flexible QLEDs made. The review is expected to offer a systematic understanding and valuable inspiration for flexible QLEDs to simultaneously satisfy optoelectronic and flexible properties for emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghong Lin
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
| | - Yangbin Zhu
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
| | - Deli Li
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
| | - Fushan Li
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
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Tian Y, Zheng W, Zhang X, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Yao D, Zhang H. Triple Ligand Engineered Gold Nanoclusters with Enhanced Fluorescence and Device Compatibility for Efficient Electroluminescence Light-Emitting Diodes. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:4423-4430. [PMID: 37129890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) are potential emitters for electroluminescent light-emitting diodes (EL-LEDs) but restricted by the limited photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and poor device compatibility. Herein, triple ligand engineered Au NCs enable the fabrication of Au NC-based LEDs with improved EL efficiency. Rigidified triple ligand shells greatly reduce the nonradiative transition and thus increase the PLQY of Au NCs from 2.1 to 73.4%. Most importantly, this strategy significantly improves the compatibility between Au NCs and charge transport materials in EL-LED fabrication. As a result, the EL-LEDs reach a maximum brightness of 1104 cd/m2 and an external quantum efficiency of 5.1%, which is the highest recorded for any reported Au NC-based EL-LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Weijia Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yanwei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Dong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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Liang X, Liu Y, Liu P, Yang J, Liu J, Yang Y, Wang B, Hu J, Zhang L, Yang G, Lu S, Liang G, Lan X, Zhang J, Gao L, Tang J. Large-area flexible colloidal-quantum-dot infrared photodiodes for photoplethysmogram signal measurements. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:698-705. [PMID: 36931915 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Epitaxially grown photodiodes are the foundation of infrared photodetection technology; however, their rigid structure and limited area scaling limit their use in advanced applications. Colloidal-quantum-dot (CQD) infrared photodiodes have increased active areas through solution processing, and are thus potential candidates for large-area flexible photodetection, but these large-area photodiodes have disadvantages such as large dark current density, poor homogeneity, and poor stability. Therefore, this study established a fabrication strategy for large-area flexible CQD photodiodes that involves introducing polyimide to CQD ink to improve CQD passivation, monodisperse ink persistence, and film morphology. The resulting CQD photodiodes exhibited reduced dark current density and improved homogeneity and work stability. Furthermore, the as-prepared photodiodes exhibited a detectivity (D*) of greater than 1013 Jones, which was higher than other reported CQD photodetectors. The CQD photodiodes developed in this study can be used for wearable photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal measurement under ambient light at reduced cost and power consumption..
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Liang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Peilin Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Junrui Yang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Linxiang Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Gaoyuan Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
| | - Shuaicheng Lu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, China; Wenzhou Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Institute of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wenzhou 325006, China
| | - Guijie Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
| | - Xinzheng Lan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jianbing Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Wenzhou Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Institute of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wenzhou 325006, China; Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Liang Gao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, China; Wenzhou Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Institute of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wenzhou 325006, China.
| | - Jiang Tang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, China
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Indium doped CdTe colloidal quantum dots stabilised in aqueous medium for white light emission. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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InP/ZnS quantum dots synthesis and photovoltaic application. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-022-02658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn the present paper hybrid core–shell InP/ZnS quantum dots were prepared by the one pot synthesis method which does not require additional component injections and which complies more with cost requirements. The synthesized quantum dots were characterized by X-ray diffraction and optical spectroscopy methods. The applicability of the synthesized InP/ZnS core–shell particles in inverted solar cells fabricated with a step-by-step procedure which combines thermal vacuum deposition and spin-coating techniques was investigated. The resulting efficiency of the fabricated inverted solar cell is comparable to that of quantum-dot sensitized TiO2 based solar cells. Therefore, hybrid core–shell InP/ZnS particles can be considered as multifunctional light-harvesting materials useful for implementation in different types of photovoltaic devices, such as quantum dot sensitized solar cells and inverted solar cells.
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Yao J, Xu L, Wang S, Yang Z, Song J. Recent progress of single-halide perovskite nanocrystals for advanced displays. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:13990-14007. [PMID: 36125019 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03872b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Light-emitting diodes based on lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (LHP NCs) have shown an astonishing increase in efficiency in just several years of academic research, reaching high external quantum efficiencies exceeding 20%. The extensive color-tunability and narrow emission bandwidth of LHP NCs, in particular, are of great importance in the creation of the next generation of ultra-high-definition displays, as defined by the Rec. 2020 standard recommendation. In fact, whereas the colour of LHP NCs can be easily tuned by the compositions of halogens, the ion migration in mixed-halide perovskites under the electric field will seriously affect the spectral stability and operational lifetimes of perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). Therefore, it is essential to realize efficient colour-saturated PeLEDs based on single-halide perovskite NCs. In this review, we focus on the recent progress in LHP NC-based PeLEDs and highlight the strategy of tuning the spectral emission based on quantum confinement or cation alloying/doping in single-halide perovskite NCs. Finally, we will give an outlook on future research avenues for preparing high-efficiency pure green, red and blue PeLEDs based on single-halide perovskite NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Leimeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Shalong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Jizhong Song
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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Guan M, Li P, Wu Y, Liu X, Xu S, Zhang J. Highly efficient green emission Cs 4PbBr 6 quantum dots with stable water endurance. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:5020-5023. [PMID: 36181176 DOI: 10.1364/ol.471088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To date, quantum dots (QDs) based on perovskite materials with high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and stability have rarely been reported. In this work, Cs4PbBr6 QDs glass ceramic with high PLQY and water stability is obtained, and the research results confirm that the strong green emission originates from the trapping of free excitons by internal Br vacancies. The rise of Br vacancies and the spontaneous growth of multi-morphology Cs4PbBr6 QDs under the influence of air humidity increase the PLQY to 89.62%. Compared with pure QDs, the Cs4PbBr6 QDs maintain high-intensity luminescence after being immersed in water for up to 150 days. In short, this paper puts forward a new, to the best of our knowledge, and valuable perspective for investigating the luminescence of Cs4PbBr6 QDs glass ceramic derived from related work.
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Yi YQQ, Qi D, Wei H, Xie L, Chen Y, Yang J, Hu Z, Liu Y, Meng X, Su W, Cui Z. Molecular Design of Diazo Compound for Carbene-Mediated Cross-Linking of Hole-Transport Polymer in QLED with Reduced Energy Barrier and Improved Charge Balance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:39149-39158. [PMID: 35973830 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric hole-transport materials (HTMs) have been widely used in quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). However, their solution processability normally causes interlayer erosion and unstable film state, leading to undesired device performance. Besides, the imbalance of hole and electron transport in QLEDs also damages the device interfaces. In this study, we designed a bis-diazo compound, X1, as carbene cross-linker for polymeric HTM. Irradiated by ultraviolet and heating, a poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-alt(4,4'-(N-(4-butylphenyl))] (TFB)/X1 blend can achieve fast "electronically clean" cross-linking with ∼100% solvent resistance. The cross-linking reduced the stacking behaviors of TFB and thus led to a lower hole-transport mobility, whereas it was a good match of electron mobility. The carbene-mediated TFB cross-linking also downshifted the HOMO level from -5.3 to -5.5 eV, delivering a smaller hole-transport energy barrier. Benefiting from these, the cross-linked QLED showed enhanced device performances over the pristine device, with EQE, power efficiency, and current efficiency being elevated by nearly 20, 15, and 83%, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about a bis-diazo compound based carbene cross-linker built into a polymeric HTM for a QLED with enhanced device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Qiu-Qiang Yi
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Nano Devices and Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dawei Qi
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Nano Devices and Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Honghui Wei
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Nano Devices and Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liming Xie
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Nano Devices and Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yiyao Chen
- Vacuum Interconnected Nanotech Workstation (Nano-X), Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Nano Devices and Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zishou Hu
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Nano Devices and Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Nano Devices and Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuqing Meng
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenming Su
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Nano Devices and Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Cui
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Nano Devices and Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
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Yang X, Zhou S, Zhang X, Xiang L, Xie B, Luo X. Enhancing oxygen/moisture resistance of quantum dots by short-chain, densely cross-linked silica glass network. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:465202. [PMID: 35926438 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac86de] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are facing significant photoluminescence degradation in moisture environment. In QDs-silicone composites, the poor water resistance of silicone matrix makes it easy for water and oxygen molecules to erode QDs. To tackle this issue, we proposed a new QDs protection strategy by introducing short-chain silica precursors onto the QDs' surface, so that a dense silica passivation layer could be formed onto the QDs nanoparticles. Sol-gel method based on 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES), 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (MPTMS), and 3-mercaptopropyl triethoxysilane (MPTES) were adopted to prepare the uniform and crack-free QDs-silica glass (QD-glass). Because of the crosslinking of short-chain precursors, the formed silica glass possesses 38.6% smaller pore width and 68.6% lower pore volume than silicone, indicating its denser cross-linked network surrounding QDs. After 360 h water immersion, the QDs-glass demonstrated a 6% enhancement in red-light peak intensity, and maintained a stable full width at half maximum (FWHM) and peak wavelength, proving its excellent water-resistant ability. However, the conventional QDs-silicone composites not only showed a decrease of 75.3% in red-light peak intensity, but also a broadened FWHM and a redshifted peak wavelength after water immersion. QDs-glass also showed superior photostability after 132 h exposure to blue light. Red-light peak intensity of QDs-glass remained 87.3% of the initial while that of QDs-silicone decreased to 19.8%. And the intensity of QDs-glass dropped to 62.3% of that under 20 °C after thermal treatment of 160 °C. Besides, under increasing driving currents, the light conversion efficiency drop of QDs-glass is only one fifth that of QDs-silicone. Based on the QDs-glass, the white light-emitting diodes was achieved with a high luminous efficiency of 126.5 lm W-1and a high color rendering index of 95.4. Thus, the newly proposed QD-glass has great significance in guaranteeing the working reliability of QDs-converted devices against moisture and high-power environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuling Zhou
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinfeng Zhang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Linyi Xiang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xie
- School of Mechanical Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Luo
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
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11
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Roy D, De CK, Ghosh S, Mukherjee S, Mandal S, Mandal PK. Ultrafast dynamics and ultrasensitive single particle spectroscopy of optically robust core/alloy shell semiconductor quantum dots. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:8578-8590. [PMID: 35355030 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05780d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A "one-pot one-step" synthesis method of Core/Alloy Shell (CAS) quantum dots (QDs) offers the scope of large scale synthesis in a less time consuming, more economical, highly reproducible and high-throughput manner in comparison to "multi-pot multi-step" synthesis for Core/Shell (CS) QDs. Rapid initial nucleation, and smooth & uniform shell growth lead to the formation of a compositionally-gradient alloyed hetero-structure with very significantly reduced interfacial trap density in CAS QDs. Thus, interfacial strain gets reduced in a much smoother manner leading to enhanced confinement for the photo-generated charge carriers in CAS QDs. Convincing proof of alloy-shelling for a CAS QD has been provided from HRTEM images at the single particle level. The band gap could be tuned as a function of composition, temperature, reactivity difference of precursors, etc. and a high PLQY and improved photochemical stability could be achieved for a small sized CAS QD. From the ultrafast exciton dynamics in CdSe and InP CAS QDs, it has been shown that (a) the hot exciton thermalization/relaxation happens in <500 fs, (b) hot electron trapping dynamics occurs within a ∼1 ps time scale, (c) band edge exciton trapping occurs within a 10-25 ps timescale and (d) for CdSe CAS QDs the hot hole gets trapped in about 35 ps. From fast PL decay dynamics, it has been shown that the amplitude of the intermediate time constant can be correlated with the PLQY. A model has been provided to understand these ultrafast to fast exciton dynamical processes. At the ultrasensitive single particle level, unlike CS QDs, CdSe CAS QDs have been shown to exhibit (a) constancy of PLmax (i.e. no bluing) and (b) constancy of PL intensity (i.e. no bleaching) of the single CAS QDs for continuous irradiation for one hour under an air atmosphere. Thus, CAS QDs hold the promise of being a superior optical probe in comparison to CS QDs both at the ensemble and at the single particle level, leading to enhanced flexibility of the CAS QDs towards designing and developing next generation application devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debjit Roy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Chayan K De
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Swarnali Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Soumen Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Saptarshi Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Prasun K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India. .,Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
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12
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Giroux M, Zahra Z, Salawu OA, Burgess RM, Ho KT, Adeleye AS. Assessing the Environmental Effects Related to Quantum Dot Structure, Function, Synthesis and Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2022; 9:867-910. [PMID: 35401985 PMCID: PMC8992011 DOI: 10.1039/d1en00712b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are engineered semiconductor nanocrystals with unique fluorescent, quantum confinement, and quantum yield properties, making them valuable in a range of commercial and consumer imaging, display, and lighting technologies. Production and usage of QDs are increasing, which increases the probability of these nanoparticles entering the environment at various phases of their life cycle. This review discusses the major types and applications of QDs, their potential environmental exposures, fates, and adverse effects on organisms. For most applications, release to the environment is mainly expected to occur during QD synthesis and end-product manufacturing since encapsulation of QDs in these devices prevents release during normal use or landfilling. In natural waters, the fate of QDs is controlled by water chemistry, light intensity, and the physicochemical properties of QDs. Research on the adverse effects of QDs primarily focuses on sublethal endpoints rather than acute toxicity, and the differences in toxicity between pristine and weathered nanoparticles are highlighted. A proposed oxidative stress adverse outcome pathway framework demonstrates the similarities among metallic and carbon-based QDs that induce reactive oxygen species formation leading to DNA damage, reduced growth, and impaired reproduction in several organisms. To accurately evaluate environmental risk, this review identifies critical data gaps in QD exposure and ecological effects, and provides recommendations for future research. Future QD regulation should emphasize exposure and sublethal effects of metal ions released as the nanoparticles weather under environmental conditions. To date, human exposure to QDs from the environment and resulting adverse effects has not been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Giroux
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD/CEMM Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Zahra Zahra
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
| | - Omobayo A. Salawu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
| | - Robert M Burgess
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD/CEMM Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Kay T Ho
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD/CEMM Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Adeyemi S Adeleye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
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Zhang W, Du J, Wei Q, Zhang D, Pei S, Tong B, Liu Z, Liang Y, Cheng HM, Ren W. Fabrication of Large-Area Uniform Nanometer-Thick Functional Layers and Their Stacks for Flexible Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2101030. [PMID: 35174984 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Large-area fabrication and stacking of various nanometer-thick functional layers from solutions is essentially important for the construction of flexible thin-film optoelectronic devices, but very challenging. The existing fabrication methods suffer from either non-uniformity caused by the coffee-ring effect or serious solution waste (excess of 90% for spin coating), and are hard to scale up and create stacks. Here, it is shown that centrifugal casting is a universal, scalable, and efficient method to fabricate uniform nanometer-thick films and their stacks of various materials. The coffee-ring effect is effectively suppressed, the solution utilization ratio is higher than ≈61%, and the films/stacks show a smooth surface/high-quality interface. Using this method, flexible quantum dot light-emitting diode displays with uniform luminance in a large lighting area of ≈115 cm2 that have not been achieved even on rigid substrates by the existing methods, are realized. This efficient and low-cost solution processing method paves a way for large-area fabrication of various flexible thin-film optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Jinhong Du
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Qinwei Wei
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Dingdong Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Songfeng Pei
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Bo Tong
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Wencai Ren
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
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14
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Zhu X, Dai SW, Lai YL, Dou Y, Wang M, Ho JS, Chang YA, Chuang YT, Lin HW, Hu B. Packing-Shape Effects of Optical Properties in Amplified Spontaneous Emission through Dynamics of Orbit-Orbit Polarization Interaction in Hybrid Perovskite Quantum Dots Based on Self-Assembly. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:11894-11901. [PMID: 34878274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports packing-shape effects of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) through orbital polarization dynamics between light-emitting excitons by stacking perovskite (MAPbBr3) quantum dots (QDs sized between 10 nm and 14 nm) into rod-like and diamond-like aggregates. The rod-like packing shows a prolonged photoluminescence (PL) lifetime (184 ns) with 3 nm red-shifted peak (525 nm) as compared to the diamond-like packing (PL peak, 522 nm; lifetime, 19 ns). This indicates that the rod-like packing forms a stronger interaction between QDs with reduced surface-charged defects, leading to surface-to-inside property-tuning capability with an ASE. Interestingly, the ASE enabled by rod-like packing shows an orbit-orbit polarization interaction between light-emitting excitons, identified by linearly/circularly polarized pumping conditions. More importantly, the polarization dynamics is extended to the order of nanoseconds in the rod-like assembly, determined by the observation that within the ASE lifetime (2.54 ns) the rotating pumping beam polarization direction largely affects the coherent interaction between light-emitting excitons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixiang Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Shu-Wen Dai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Lin Lai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yixuan Dou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Miaosheng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jian-Syun Ho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Tang Chuang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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Tan Y, Xiao X, Gui S, Sun J, Ye T, Ma J, Wang Z, Qiu M, Sun XW, Wu D, Wang K. Analyzing and modulating energy transfer in ternary-emissive system of quantum dot light-emitting diodes towards efficient emission. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:36964-36976. [PMID: 34809094 DOI: 10.1364/oe.442578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms for energy transfer including Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and radiative energy transfer in ternary-emissive system consists of blended-quantum dots (QDs, red-QDs blended with blue-QDs) emissive layer (EML) and blue-emissive hole-transport material that contained in quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) are complicated. As the energy transfer could exhibit either positive or negative impact on QD's photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL), it is important to analyze and modulate energy transfer in such ternary-emissive system to obtain high-efficiency QLEDs. In this work, we have demonstrated that proper B-QDs doping has a positive impact on R-QDs' PL and EL, where these improvements were attributed to the B-QDs' spacing effect on R-QDs which weakens homogeneous FRET among R-QDs and near 100% efficient heterogeneous FRET from B-QDs to R-QDs. With optimization based on the analysis of energy transfer, the PL quantum yield of blended-QDs (with R:B blending ratio of 90:10, in quality) film has been enhanced by 35% compared with that of unblended R-QDs film. Moreover, thanks to the spacing effect and high-efficiency FRET from B-QDs to R-QDs, the external quantum efficiency of QLEDs that integrate optimized blended-QDs (R:B=90:10) EML reaches 22.1%, which is 15% higher than that of the control sample (19.2%) with unblended R-QDs EML. This work provides a systematically analytical method to study the energy transfer in ternary-emissive system, and gives a valid reference for the analysis and development of the emerging QLEDs that with blended-QDs EML.
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Loghina L, Chylii M, Kaderavkova A, Slang S, Svec P, Rodriguez Pereira J, Frumarova B, Cieslar M, Vlcek M. Highly Efficient and Controllable Methodology of the Cd 0.25Zn 0.75Se/ZnS Core/Shell Quantum Dots Synthesis. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102616. [PMID: 34685059 PMCID: PMC8538963 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The surface of any binary or multi-component nanocrystal has imperfections and defects. The number of surface defects depends both on the nature of the nanomaterial and on the method of its preparation. One of the possibilities to confine the number of surface defects is the epitaxial growth of the shell, which leads to a change in the physical properties while maintaining the morphology of the core. To form a shell of the desired thickness, an accurate calculation of the amount of its precursors is substantial to avoid the appearance of individual crystals consisting of the shell material. This study aimed to develop an effective calculation method for the theoretical amount of precursors required for the formation of a ZnS shell on the surface of a Cd0.25Zn0.75Se core, followed by the practical implementation of theoretical calculations and characterization of the prepared nanomaterials. This method allows the complete control of the masses and volumes of the initial reagents, which will in turn prevent undesirable nucleation of nuclei consisting of the shell material. In the synthesis of Cd0.25Zn0.75Se/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs), the sources of chalcogens were substituted seleno- and thioureas, which are capable of not only supplanting modern toxic sources of sulfur and selenium but also allowing one to perform the controlled synthesis of highly photoluminescent QDs with a low number of surface defects. The result of this shell overcoating method was an impetuous augmentation in the photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY up to 83%), uniformity in size and shape, and a high yield of nanomaterials. The developed synthetic technique of core/shell QDs provides a controlled growth of the shell on the core surface, which makes it possible to transfer this method to an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila Loghina
- Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, 53002 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (J.R.P.); (B.F.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maksym Chylii
- Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, 53002 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (J.R.P.); (B.F.); (M.V.)
| | - Anastasia Kaderavkova
- Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, 53002 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (J.R.P.); (B.F.); (M.V.)
| | - Stanislav Slang
- Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, 53002 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (J.R.P.); (B.F.); (M.V.)
| | - Petr Svec
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic;
| | - Jhonatan Rodriguez Pereira
- Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, 53002 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (J.R.P.); (B.F.); (M.V.)
| | - Bozena Frumarova
- Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, 53002 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (J.R.P.); (B.F.); (M.V.)
| | - Miroslav Cieslar
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 12116 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Miroslav Vlcek
- Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, 53002 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (J.R.P.); (B.F.); (M.V.)
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17
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Zvaigzne M, Alexandrov A, Tkach A, Lypenko D, Nabiev I, Samokhvalov P. Optimizing the PMMA Electron-Blocking Layer of Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2014. [PMID: 34443846 PMCID: PMC8401809 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are promising candidates for producing bright, color-pure, cost-efficient, and long-lasting QD-based light-emitting diodes (QDLEDs). However, one of the significant problems in achieving high efficiency of QDLEDs is the imbalance between the rates of charge-carrier injection into the emissive QD layer and their transport through the device components. Here we investigated the effect of the parameters of the deposition of a poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) electron-blocking layer (EBL), such as PMMA solution concentration, on the characteristics of EBL-enhanced QDLEDs. A series of devices was fabricated with the PMMA layer formed from acetone solutions with concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 1.2 mg/mL. The addition of the PMMA layer allowed for an increase of the maximum luminance of QDLED by a factor of four compared to the control device without EBL, that is, to 18,671 cd/m2, with the current efficiency increased by an order of magnitude and the turn-on voltage decreased by ~1 V. At the same time, we have demonstrated that each particular QDLED characteristic has a maximum at a specific PMMA layer thickness; therefore, variation of the EBL deposition conditions could serve as an additional parameter space when other QDLED optimization approaches are being developed or implied in future solid-state lighting and display devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Zvaigzne
- Laboratory of Nano-Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 31 Kashirskoe Highway, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.); (I.N.)
| | - Alexei Alexandrov
- Laboratory of Electronic and Photonic Processes in Polymeric Nanomaterials, A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31, bld.4, Leninsky Prospect, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.); (D.L.)
| | - Anastasia Tkach
- Laboratory of Nano-Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 31 Kashirskoe Highway, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.); (I.N.)
| | - Dmitriy Lypenko
- Laboratory of Electronic and Photonic Processes in Polymeric Nanomaterials, A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31, bld.4, Leninsky Prospect, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.); (D.L.)
| | - Igor Nabiev
- Laboratory of Nano-Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 31 Kashirskoe Highway, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.); (I.N.)
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Nanosciences, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51 rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Pavel Samokhvalov
- Laboratory of Nano-Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 31 Kashirskoe Highway, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.); (I.N.)
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18
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Albuquerque GM, Souza-Sobrinha I, Coiado SD, Santos BS, Fontes A, Pereira GAL, Pereira G. Quantum Dots and Gd 3+ Chelates: Advances and Challenges Towards Bimodal Nanoprobes for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:12. [PMID: 33550491 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-021-00325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of multimodal nanoprobes has been growing in recent years. Among these novel nanostructures are bimodal systems based on quantum dots (QDs) and low molecular weight Gd3+ chelates, prepared for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optical analyses. MRI is a technique used worldwide that provides anatomic resolution and allows distinguishing of physiological differences at tissue and organ level. On the other hand, optical techniques are very sensitive and allow events to be followed at the cellular or molecular level. Thus, the association of these two techniques has the potential to achieve a more complete comprehension of biological processes. In this review, we present state-of-the-art research concerning the development of potential multimodal optical/paramagnetic nanoprobes based on Gd3+ chelates and QDs, highlighting their preparation strategies and overall properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela M Albuquerque
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, CCEN, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Jornalista Anibal Fernandes, S/N, 50740-560, Recife, Brazil
| | - Izabel Souza-Sobrinha
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, CCEN, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Jornalista Anibal Fernandes, S/N, 50740-560, Recife, Brazil
| | - Samantha D Coiado
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, CCEN, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Jornalista Anibal Fernandes, S/N, 50740-560, Recife, Brazil
| | - Beate S Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Adriana Fontes
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Giovannia A L Pereira
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, CCEN, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Jornalista Anibal Fernandes, S/N, 50740-560, Recife, Brazil.
| | - Goreti Pereira
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, CCEN, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Jornalista Anibal Fernandes, S/N, 50740-560, Recife, Brazil.
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Jiang W, Kim B, Chae H. Phenethylamine ligand engineering of red InP quantum dots for improving the efficiency of quantum dot light-emitting diodes. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:5800-5803. [PMID: 33057288 DOI: 10.1364/ol.405520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, red-emitting multi-shelled indium phosphide (InP) quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized using the safe phosphorus precursor tris(dimethylamino)phosphine ((DMA)3P). The long-chain ligands of oleylamine (OAm) in the (DMA)3P phosphide source-based InP QDs were partially exchanged with short-chain ligands of phenethylamine (PEA) in the core formation process, and the resulting InP QDs were applied to quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). The short-chain ligands of PEA with the π-conjugated benzene ring improved the charge transport and electrical conduction of the QLEDs with (DMA)3P phosphide source-based InP QDs. The PEA-engineering of InP QDs improved their maximum quantum yield from 71% to 85.5% with the full-width at half-maximum of 62 nm. Furthermore, the maximum external quantum efficiency of QLEDs with the PEA-engineered InP QDs improved from 1.9% to 3.5%, and their maximum power efficiency increased from 2.8 to 6.0 lm/W. This Letter demonstrates that engineering the core formation process with the short-chain ligands of PEA provides an efficient and facile way to improve the charge transport and electrical conduction in (DMA)3P phosphide source-based InP QLEDs for electroluminescent devices.
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Chen K, Wang C, Peng Z, Qi K, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Zhang H. The chemistry of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals: From metal-chalcogenides to emerging perovskite. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Peng S, Wen Z, Ye T, Xiao X, Wang K, Xia J, Sun J, Zhang T, Mei G, Liu H, Xu B, Li X, Chen R, Xing G, Wang K, Tang Z. Effective Surface Ligand-Concentration Tuning of Deep-Blue Luminescent FAPbBr 3 Nanoplatelets with Enhanced Stability and Charge Transport. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:31863-31874. [PMID: 32567298 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal-halide perovskite-based green and red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have witnessed a rapid development because of their facile synthesis and processability; however, the blue-band emission is constrained by their unstable chemical properties and poorly conducting emitting layers. Here, we show a trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO)-mediated one-step approach to realize bright deep-blue luminescent FAPbBr3 nanoplatelets (NPLs) with enhanced stability and charge transport. The concentration of NPL surface ligands is shown to be progressively tuned via varying the amount of intermediate TOPO due to the acid-base equilibrium between protic acid and TOPO. By effectively optimizing the concentration of surface ligands, the structural integrity of NPL solids can be preserved in ambient air for a week, mainly because of the highly ordered and dense solid assembly and the reduced defects. The removal of excess organic ligands also enables the improvement of charge mobility by orders of magnitude. Ultimately, ultrapure deep-blue perovskite LEDs (439 nm) with a narrow emission width of 14 nm and a peak EQE of 0.14% are achieved at low driving voltage. Our finding expands the current understanding of surface ligand modulation in the development of pure bromide deep-blue perovskite optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Peng
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting, Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zuoliang Wen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting, Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Taikang Ye
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting, Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiangtian Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting, Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kaiyang Wang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Junmin Xia
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Jiayun Sun
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting, Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting, Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guanding Mei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting, Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Haochen Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting, Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting, Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting, Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting, Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zikang Tang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
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22
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Huang X, Tong X, Wang Z. Rational design of colloidal core/shell quantum dots for optoelectronic applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnlest.2020.100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Wang B, Liu L, Zhang Y, Deng Y, Dong A. A novel strategy for boosting the photoluminescence quantum efficiency of CdSe nanocrystals at room temperature. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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24
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Cao L, Liu X, Guo Z, Zhou L. Surface/Interface Engineering for Constructing Advanced Nanostructured Light-Emitting Diodes with Improved Performance: A Brief Review. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E821. [PMID: 31783596 PMCID: PMC6953049 DOI: 10.3390/mi10120821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
With the rise of nanoscience and nanotechnologies, especially the continuous deepening of research on low-dimensional materials and structures, various kinds of light-emitting devices based on nanometer-structured materials are gradually becoming the natural candidates for the next generation of advanced optoelectronic devices with improved performance through engineering their interface/surface properties. As dimensions of light-emitting devices are scaled down to the nanoscale, the plentitude of their surface/interface properties is one of the key factors for their dominating device performance. In this paper, firstly, the generation, classification, and influence of surface/interface states on nanometer optical devices will be given theoretically. Secondly, the relationship between the surface/interface properties and light-emitting diode device performance will be investigated, and the related physical mechanisms will be revealed by introducing classic examples. Especially, how to improve the performance of light-emitting diodes by using factors such as the surface/interface purification, quantum dots (QDs)-emitting layer, surface ligands, optimization of device architecture, and so on will be summarized. Finally, we explore the main influencing actors of research breakthroughs related to the surface/interface properties on the current and future applications for nanostructured light-emitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianzhen Cao
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China;
- CASKey Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China;
- CASKey Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- CASKey Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
- Shandong Guo Ke Medical Technology Development Co., Ltd., Jinan 25001, China
- Zhongke Mass Spectrometry (Tianjin) Medical Technology Co., Ltd. Tianjin 300399, China
| | - Lianqun Zhou
- CASKey Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
- Jihua Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China
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25
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Paulo-Mirasol S, Martínez-Ferrero E, Palomares E. Direct white light emission from carbon nanodots (C-dots) in solution processed light emitting diodes. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:11315-11321. [PMID: 31165836 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02268f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We describe the preparation of inverted white light emitting diodes by solution processing. The active layer is formed uniquely by Carbon Nanodots (C-dots) that display white-light emission at voltage close to 5 V when combined with metal oxides as charge transport layers. Moreover, we have demonstrated that the white light is not the product of charge transfer between the polymer selective contact and the C-dots but the result of the different recombination processes within the C-dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Paulo-Mirasol
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia-The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (ICIQ-BIST), Avda. Països Catalans, 16. Tarragona, E-43007, Spain. and Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Printed Electronics & Embedded Devices Unit, Avda. Ernest Lluch 36, Mataró 08302, Spain. and Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Eugenia Martínez-Ferrero
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Printed Electronics & Embedded Devices Unit, Avda. Ernest Lluch 36, Mataró 08302, Spain.
| | - Emilio Palomares
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia-The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (ICIQ-BIST), Avda. Països Catalans, 16. Tarragona, E-43007, Spain. and ICREA. Passeig Lluís Companys, 23. Barcelona, E-08010, Spain
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26
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Influence of PMMA on All-Inorganic Halide Perovskite CsPbBr₃ Quantum Dots Combined with Polymer Matrix. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12060985. [PMID: 30934571 PMCID: PMC6470971 DOI: 10.3390/ma12060985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The poor stability of CsPbX3 quantum dots (QDs-CsPbX3) under wet conditions is still considered to be a key issue. In order to overcome this problem, this study presents a high molecular weight polymer matrix (polymethylmethacrylate, PMMA) incorporated into the QDs-CsPbBr3 to improve its stability and maintain its excellent optical properties. In this study, the Cs2CO3, PbO, Tetrabutylammonium Bromide (TOAB) powder, oleic acid, and toluene solvent were uniformly mixed and purified to prepare high-quality QDs powders. Then, hexane was used as a dispersing agent for the QD powder to complete the perovskite QDs-CsPbBr3 solution. Finally, a solution with different proportions of quantum dots CsPbBr3 and PMMA was prepared and discussed. In the preparation of thin films, firstly, a thin film with the structure of glass/QD-CsPbBr3/PMMA was fabricated in a glove box using a well-developed QDs-CsPbBr3 solution by changing the ratio of CsPbBr3:PMMA. The material analysis of QDs-CsPbBr3 thin films was performed with photoluminescence (PL), transmittance, absorbance, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The structures and morphologies were further examined to study the effect of doped PMMA on perovskite QDs-CsPbBr3.
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27
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Jiang X, Li H, Shang Y, Wang F, Chen H, Xu K, Yin M, Liu H, Zhou W, Ning Z. Bi-inorganic-ligand coordinated colloidal quantum dot ink. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9483-9486. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04157e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The novel ligand-exchange strategy enhances electric double layers, stabilizing QDs in low polarity butylamine, which alleviates the ligand loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyuan Jiang
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- ShanghaiTech University
- Shanghai 201210
- China
| | - Hansheng Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- ShanghaiTech University
- Shanghai 201210
- China
| | - Yuequn Shang
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- ShanghaiTech University
- Shanghai 201210
- China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- ShanghaiTech University
- Shanghai 201210
- China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- ShanghaiTech University
- Shanghai 201210
- China
| | - Kaimin Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- ShanghaiTech University
- Shanghai 201210
- China
| | - Ming Yin
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- ShanghaiTech University
- Shanghai 201210
- China
| | - Hefei Liu
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Wenjia Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- ShanghaiTech University
- Shanghai 201210
- China
| | - Zhijun Ning
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- ShanghaiTech University
- Shanghai 201210
- China
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28
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Chen L, Wang S, Li D, Fang Y, Shen H, Li L, Du Z. Simultaneous Improvement of Efficiency and Lifetime of Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes with a Bilayer Hole Injection Layer Consisting of PEDOT:PSS and Solution-Processed WO 3. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:24232-24241. [PMID: 29943572 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Even though chemically stable metal oxides (MOs), as substitutes for poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), have been successfully adopted for improving device stability in solution-processed quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs), the efficiencies of QLEDs are at a relatively low level. In this work, a novel architecture of QLEDs has been introduced, in which inorganic/organic bilayer hole injection layers (HILs) were delicately designed by inserting an amorphous WO3 interlayer between PEDOT:PSS and the indium tin oxide anode. As a result, the efficiency and operational lifetime of QLEDs were improved simultaneously. The results show that the novel architecture QLEDs relative to conventional PEDOT:PSS-based QLEDs have an enhanced external quantum efficiency by a factor of 50%, increasing from 8.31 to 12.47%, meanwhile exhibit a relatively long operational lifetime (12 551 h) and high maximum brightness (>40 000 cd m-2) resulting from a better pathway for hole injection with staircase energy-level alignment of the HILs and reduction of surface roughness. Our results demonstrate that the novel architecture QLEDs using bilayer MO/PEDOT:PSS HILs can achieve long operational lifetime without sacrificing efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , P. R. China
| | - Shujie Wang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , P. R. China
| | - Yan Fang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , P. R. China
| | - Huaibin Shen
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , P. R. China
| | - Linsong Li
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , P. R. China
| | - Zuliang Du
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , P. R. China
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29
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Song J, Li J, Xu L, Li J, Zhang F, Han B, Shan Q, Zeng H. Room-Temperature Triple-Ligand Surface Engineering Synergistically Boosts Ink Stability, Recombination Dynamics, and Charge Injection toward EQE-11.6% Perovskite QLEDs. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1800764. [PMID: 29888521 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Developing low-cost and high-quality quantum dots (QDs) or nanocrystals (NCs) and their corresponding efficient light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is crucial for the next-generation ultra-high-definition flexible displays. Here, there is a report on a room-temperature triple-ligand surface engineering strategy to play the synergistic role of short ligands of tetraoctylammonium bromide (TOAB), didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB), and octanoic acid (OTAc) toward "ideal" perovskite QDs with a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of >90%, unity radiative decay in its intrinsic channel, stable ink characteristics, and effective charge injection and transportation in QD films, resulting in the highly efficient QD-based LEDs (QLEDs). Furthermore, the QD films with less nonradiative recombination centers exhibit improved PL properties with a PLQY of 61% through dopant engineering in A-site. The robustness of such properties is demonstrated by the fabrication of green electroluminescent LEDs based on CsPbBr3 QDs with the peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 11.6%, and the corresponding peak internal quantum efficiency (IQE) and power efficiency are 52.2% and 44.65 lm W-1 , respectively, which are the most-efficient perovskite QLEDs with colloidal CsPbBr3 QDs as emitters up to now. These results demonstrate that the as-obtained QD inks have a wide range application in future high-definition QD displays and high-quality lightings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhong Song
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jinhang Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Leimeng Xu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jianhai Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Fengjuan Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Boning Han
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Qingsong Shan
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Haibo Zeng
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
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30
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Shen T, Li B, Zheng K, Pullerits T, Cao G, Tian J. Surface Engineering of Quantum Dots for Remarkably High Detectivity Photodetectors. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:3285-3294. [PMID: 29862824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ternary alloyed CdSe xTe1- x colloidal QDs trap-passivated by iodide-based ligands (TBAI) are developed as building blocks for UV-NIR photodetectors. Both the few surface traps and high loading of QDs are obtained by in situ ligand exchange with TBAI. The device is sensitive to a broad wavelength range covering the UV-NIR region (300-850 nm), showing an excellent photoresponsivity of 53 mA/W, a fast response time of ≪0.02s, and remarkably high detectivity values of 8 × 1013 Jones at 450 nm and 1 × 1013 Jones at 800 nm without an external bias voltage. Such performance is superior to what has been reported earlier for QD-based photodetectors. The photodetector exhibits excellent stability, keeping 98% of photoelectric responsivity after 2 months of illumination in air even without encapsulation. In addition, the semitransparent device is successfully fabricated using a Ag nanowires/polyimide transparent substrate. Such self-powered photodetectors with fast response speed and a stable, broad-band response are expected to function under a broad range of environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shen
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Kaibo Zheng
- Department of Chemical Physics and NanoLund , Lund University , Box 124, 22100 Lund , Sweden
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Tönu Pullerits
- Department of Chemical Physics and NanoLund , Lund University , Box 124, 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Guozhong Cao
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China
- Department of Materials and Engineering , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195-2120 , United States
| | - Jianjun Tian
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China
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31
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Ji W, Shen H, Zhang H, Kang Z, Zhang H. Over 800% efficiency enhancement of all-inorganic quantum-dot light emitting diodes with an ultrathin alumina passivating layer. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:11103-11109. [PMID: 29872832 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01460d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of robust, inorganic charge-transport materials is always desired in quantum-dot light emitting diodes (QLEDs) because they are expected to allow higher stability and lower cost than their organic counterparts. We achieve here an all-inorganic QLED with excellent efficiency by modifying the solution-processed NiO (s-NiO) surface with an ultrathin Al2O3 passivating layer. Both transient resolution photoluminescence and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements demonstrate that the Al2O3 layer can effectively passivate NiOOH on the s-NiO surface, thereby suppressing exciton quenching. This improves the highest efficiency of the QLED without an Al2O3 layer by over 800% to a current efficiency (external quantum efficiency) of 34.1 cd A-1 (8.1%), making it the best-performing all-inorganic QLED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Ji
- Key Lab of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, China.
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32
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Jin X, Chang C, Zhao W, Huang S, Gu X, Zhang Q, Li F, Zhang Y, Li Q. Balancing the Electron and Hole Transfer for Efficient Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes by Employing a Versatile Organic Electron-Blocking Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:15803-15811. [PMID: 29667818 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The electron-blocking layer (EBL) is important to balance the charge carrier transfer and achieve highly efficient quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). Here, we report the utilization of a soluble tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride-modified poly( p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (TBS-PBO) as an EBL for simultaneous good charge carrier transfer balance while maintaining a high current density. We show that the versatile TBS-PBO blocks excess electron injection into the quantum dots (QDs), thus leading to better charge carrier transfer balance. It also restricts the undesired QD-to-EBL electron-transfer process, which preserves the superior emission capabilities of the emitter. As a consequence, the TBS-PBO device delivers an external quantum efficiency (EQE) maximum of 16.7% along with a remarkable current density as high as 139 mA/cm2 with a brightness of 5484 cd/m2. The current density of our device is higher than those of insulator EBL-based devices because of the higher conductivity of the TBS-PBO versus insulator EBL, thus helping achieve high luminance values ranging from 1414 to 20 000 cd/cm2 with current densities ranging from 44 to 648 mA/cm2 and EQE > 14%. We believe that these unconventional features of the present TBS-PBO-based QLEDs will expand the wide use of TBS-PBO as buffer layers in other advanced QLED applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jin
- School of Physics Science and Technology , Lingnan Normal University , Zhanjiang 524048 , P. R. China
| | - Chun Chang
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology , Nanchang Hangkong University , Nanchang 330063 , P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering , Xi'an Technological University , Xi'an 710021 , P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Huang
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Xiaobing Gu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology , Nanchang Hangkong University , Nanchang 330063 , P. R. China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology , Nanchang Hangkong University , Nanchang 330063 , P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology , Nanchang Hangkong University , Nanchang 330063 , P. R. China
| | - Yubao Zhang
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology , Nanchang Hangkong University , Nanchang 330063 , P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Li
- School of Physics Science and Technology , Lingnan Normal University , Zhanjiang 524048 , P. R. China
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33
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Suriyaprakash J, Qiao TT. Exploiting the optical and luminescence characteristic of quantum dots for optical device fabrication. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-018-0642-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Liu X, Zhao S, Gu W, Zhang Y, Qiao X, Ni Z, Pi X, Yang D. Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Colloidal Silicon Quantum Dots with Octyl and Phenylpropyl Ligands. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:5959-5966. [PMID: 29345903 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b16980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal silicon quantum dots (Si QDs) hold ever-growing promise for the development of novel optoelectronic devices such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Although it has been proposed that ligands at the surface of colloidal Si QDs may significantly impact the performance of LEDs based on colloidal Si QDs, little systematic work has been carried out to compare the performance of LEDs that are fabricated using colloidal Si QDs with different ligands. Here, colloidal Si QDs with rather short octyl ligands (Octyl-Si QDs) and phenylpropyl ligands (PhPr-Si QDs) are employed for the fabrication of LEDs. It is found that the optical power density of PhPr-Si QD LEDs is larger than that of Octyl-Si QD LEDs. This is due to the fact that the surface of PhPr-Si QDs is more oxidized and less defective than that of Octyl-Si QDs. Moreover, the benzene rings of phenylpropyl ligands significantly enhance the electron transport of QD LEDs. It is interesting that the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of PhPr-Si QD LEDs is lower than that of Octyl-Si QD LEDs because the benzene rings of phenylpropyl ligands suppress the hole transport of QD LEDs. The unbalance between the electron and hole injection in PhPr-Si QD LEDs is more serious than that in Octyl-Si QD LEDs. The currently obtained highest optical power density of ∼0.64 mW/cm2 from PhPr-Si QD LEDs and highest EQE of ∼6.2% from Octyl-Si QD LEDs should encourage efforts to further advance the development of high-performance optoelectronic devices based on colloidal Si QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangkai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shuangyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xvsheng Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhenyi Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaodong Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Deren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
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35
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Wang HC, Bao Z, Tsai HY, Tang AC, Liu RS. Perovskite Quantum Dots and Their Application in Light-Emitting Diodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:1702433. [PMID: 29194973 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201702433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) attract significant interest in recent years because of their unique optical properties, such as tunable wavelength, narrow emission, and high photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQY). Recent studies report new types of formamidinium (FA) PbBr3 PQDs, PQDs with organic-inorganic mixed cations, divalent cation doped colloidal CsPb1-x Mx Br3 PQDs (M = Sn2+ , Cd2+ , Zn2+ , Mn2+ ) featuring partial cation exchange, and heterovalent cation doped into PQDs (Bi3+ ). These PQD analogs open new possibilities for optoelectronic devices. For commercial applications in lighting and backlight displays, stability of PQDs requires further improvement to prevent their degradation by temperature, oxygen, moisture, and light. Oxygen and moisture-facilitated ion migration may easily etch unstable PQDs. Easy ion migration may result in crystal growth, which lowers PLQY of PQDs. Surface coating and treatment are important procedures for overcoming such factors. In this study, new types of PQDs and a strategy of improving their stabilities are introduced. Finally, this paper discusses future applications of PQDs in light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chia Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Zhen Bao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - An-Cih Tang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Shi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Graduate, Institute of Manufacturing Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
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Jin X, Li H, Huang S, Gu X, Shen H, Li D, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Li F, Li Q. Bright alloy type-II quantum dots and their application to light-emitting diodes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 510:376-383. [PMID: 28963940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Type-II quantum dots (QDs) are emerging as a promising candidate for full color light sources owing to their advantages in achieving full color light by tuning the heterostructures. Despite the recent developments in type-II QDs, the choices of proper materials are limited for the composition of a high-quality QD and it still remains a big challenge to enhance the photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields (QYs) of type-II QDs for light-emitting diode (LED) applications. Here, we develop CdxZn1-xS/ZnSe/ZnS type-II QDs with a maximum quantum yield as high as 88.5%. Time-resolved PL results show that the ZnS shell suppresses non-radiative pathways by passivating the surface of CdxZn1-xS/ZnSe, thus leading to a high QY. Moreover, our results demonstrate that the outer ZnS also benefits the charge injection and radiative recombinations of the CdxZn1-xS/ZnSe. The LED based on green Cd0.2Zn0.8S/ZnSe/ZnS QDs achieves a current efficiency (CE) of 9.17cdA-1, an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 8.78% and a low turn-on voltage of ∼2.3V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jin
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China; School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Haiyang Li
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Shujuan Huang
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Xiaobing Gu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Huaibin Shen
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Danyang Li
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Xugu Zhang
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Feng Li
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Qinghua Li
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China.
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Wu F, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Li G, Li M, Lan X, Sun T, Jiang Y. Hybrid Colloidal Stabilization Mechanism toward Improved Photoluminescence and Stability of CdSe/CdS Core/Shell Quantum Dots. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:7124-7129. [PMID: 28661693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots can be stabilized in either a polar solvent or a nonpolar solvent depending on their surface chemistry. The former is typically achieved by charge stabilization while the latter by steric hindrance. This allows reversible tuning of their surface polarity for targeted application by engineering their ligand profile. Here we developed a hybrid stabilization approach that leveraged a combination of steric hindrance and charge stabilization simultaneously. We demonstrated this mechanism in a phase transfer process where hexane dispersed and hydrophobic CdSe/CdS core/shell quantum dots were exchanged into the hydrophilic dimethylformamide (DMF) phase. This was achieved by employing both Z-type cadmium acetate and X-type halide ligands. The results suggested only by using this hybrid stabilization strategy were we able to achieve good colloidal stability while preserving their photoluminescence quantum yield. This hybrid ligand strategy may promise new opportunities for the application of QDs in optoelectronic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyi Wu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Chaohu University , Hefei 238000, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei, Anhui 230009, P. R. China
| | - Yugang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei, Anhui 230009, P. R. China
| | - Zhongping Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Chaohu University , Hefei 238000, P. R. China
| | - Guopeng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei, Anhui 230009, P. R. China
| | - Mingling Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Chaohu University , Hefei 238000, P. R. China
| | - Xinzheng Lan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei, Anhui 230009, P. R. China
| | - Tietun Sun
- Changzhou EGing Photovoltaic Technology Co. Ltd., Jiangsu 230009, P. R. China
| | - Yang Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei, Anhui 230009, P. R. China
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