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Cygańska AK, Kaczorowski M, Rodzik B. The Musculoskeletal Pain Intensity and Interference Questionnaire for Musicians: Assessment of Patient-Related Outcomes among Professional Orchestra Musicians in Poland-A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4751. [PMID: 39200897 PMCID: PMC11355294 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13164751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal pain is one of the reasons for a musician's inability to play an instrument. An assessment of the localization, intensity, and interference of those complaints is important among musicians because of the risk of occupational disease. Assessment by validated tools is especially important and serves as an indicator to take up proper preventive or treatment actions. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) and the relationships with PRMDs' impact on playing musical instruments among Polish professional orchestra musicians. Methods: The study was conducted on a group of professional orchestra musicians (age 37.19 ± 9.62 years), 99 (55%) women and 83 (45%) men. Work experience in professional orchestra was 18.3 ± 9.83 years and the reported years of playing musical instrument were 31.4 ± 9.50. The study used the online version of a musician-dedicated questionnaire, Musculoskeletal Pain Intensity and Interference Questionnaire for Musicians of the Polish Population (MPIIQM-P). Results: In the study group, 89.9% of women and 83.1% of men had experienced playing-related pain in their lifetime. The most intense pain among the group with current playing-related musculoskeletal complaints (n = 85) was located in the neck area for 19 (22.4%). Conclusions: The results of the study indicate a high prevalence of playing-related musculoskeletal problems among professional musicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Katarzyna Cygańska
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Marymoncka 34, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Michał Kaczorowski
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Marymoncka 34, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Beata Rodzik
- Faculty of Mathematics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Plac Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
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Zão A, Altenmüller E, Azevedo L. Development and Initial Validation of the First Questionnaire to Evaluate Performance-related Pain Among Musicians with Different Backgrounds: Performance-related Pain Among Musicians Questionnaire (PPAM). JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2024; 34:216-237. [PMID: 37584755 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-023-10130-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM To develop and perform the expert's content validation and pretesting of the first questionnaire specifically designed to evaluate performance-related pain among musicians with different backgrounds. METHODS The development of the Performance-related Pain Among Musicians Questionnaire (PPAM) was carried out in 4 phases: (1) item generation, (2) experts' panel evaluation and content validation (3) pretesting, and (4) conceptualization of the final version. For item generation we conducted two systematic reviews to identify the existing tools evaluating similar constructs and the predictive factors of performance-related pain. Four expert panel meetings and three pilot tests were performed, with a total of 94 musicians. RESULTS From the 1154 articles initially found in the literature search, 153 were included (65 related to pain tools and 88 related to predictive factors) and a pool of 115 items were created. After expert panel evaluation and pretesting, a final self-report questionnaire was defined, comprising 33 core items to evaluate 3 constructs (pain intensity, pain interference in general activities and pain interference in performance), as well as 32 additional items (optional module - predictive factors). CONCLUSIONS The PPAM Questionnaire is specifically designed and validated for musicians and can be applied for all types of musicians (professional, amateur and music students), allowing the development of comparative studies between musicians. It is a new enriched tool, easy to respond and disseminate to large, multicentre, and international samples. PPAM is suitable for research and clinical practice purposes and will allow the improved assessment and monitoring of pain in this occupational context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Zão
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal.
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research and Health Research Network (CINTESIS@RISE), Porto, Portugal.
- Chronic Pain Unit and Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- International Center of Arts Medicine, CUF Porto Institute, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Eckart Altenmüller
- Institute of Music Physiology and Musician's Medicine, University of Music, Drama, and Media, Hannover, Germany
| | - Luís Azevedo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research and Health Research Network (CINTESIS@RISE), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS) at FMUP, Porto, Portugal
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Vastamäki M, Heliövaara M, Vastamäki H, Ristolainen L. Orchestra Musicians' Work Environment and Health Versus General Workforce. J Occup Environ Med 2023; 65:344-348. [PMID: 36730011 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our cross-sectional epidemiological study compared the work-environment harms and job uncertainties of orchestral musicians to those of the general population and their impact on health, work, and quality of life. METHODS Musicians of all the Finnish domestic symphony orchestras and a population sample from the Finnish work force completed questionnaires, each group answering the same questions on their work environment and on health, ability to work, and quality of life. RESULTS Noise disturbed the musicians 8 and poor lighting 22 times as often as these problems disturbed the controls. Musicians experienced mental violence or bullying considerably more often than did controls, with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 3.0 (2.0-4.7). CONCLUSIONS Noise issues and poor lighting are well-known problems for orchestra musicians, but mental violence or bullying are less well known. Research should focus on such areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martti Vastamäki
- From the Research Institute Orton, Orton, Helsinki, Finland (M.V., H.V., L.R.); THL (Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland) (M.H.); and Mehiläinen Neo Sports Hospital, Turku, Finland (H.V.)
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Rodríguez-Gude C, Taboada-Iglesias Y, Pino-Juste M. Musculoskeletal pain in musicians: prevalence and risk factors. A systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2022; 29:883-901. [PMID: 35678565 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2022.2086742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE : to determine the prevalence and regions of the body in which musculoskeletal injuries occur in musicians, as well as to identify risk factors related to their occurrence. METHODOLOGY : A search was carried out in the Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cinahl databases for publications between 2006 and 2020. Observational studies on the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries or their risk factors in musicians aged 18-65 years were eligible for inclusion, and the methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed. RESULTS : 31 studies on multiple instruments and 17 on individual instruments were included. Quality was rated as high in 65% of the studies. Lifetime prevalence of injuries ranged from 46-90% and current prevalence from 9-63%. The most common region of pain was the neck, being present in all instrument families. Being female is a predisposing factor to the appearance of musculoskeletal problems in musicians. CONCLUSIONS : Musicians suffer frequently musculoskeletal injuries. The most common regions of the body in which these injuries occur are the neck and shoulders. Numerous risk factors were found to be predisposing to musculoskeletal injuries. We note that there are fewer studies on specific instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Rodríguez-Gude
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.,Research Group on Education, Physical Activity and Health (GIES10), Galicia Sur Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain;
| | - Yaiza Taboada-Iglesias
- Research Group on Education, Physical Activity and Health (GIES10), Galicia Sur Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain; .,Department of Special Didactics, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Margarita Pino-Juste
- Research Group on Education, Physical Activity and Health (GIES10), Galicia Sur Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain; .,Department of Didactics, School Organization and Research Methods, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
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Yang N, Fufa DT, Wolff AL. A musician-centered approach to management of performance-related upper musculoskeletal injuries. J Hand Ther 2021; 34:208-216. [PMID: 34158229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Invited Clinical Commentary BACKGROUND: Performance related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMD) are common in instrumental musicians and often affect the upper extremities. These overuse injuries typically result from inadequate attention to the musculoskeletal demands required for the high-level performance of musician-students and experienced instrumentalists.1 PRMDs often interfere with career trajectory, and in extreme cases, can be career ending. Many clinicians and healthcare practitioners treating upper extremity injuries are not familiar with the specific demands faced by instrumental musicians and how to tailor treatment and prevention strategies to the specific risks and occupational needs of each instrumental group. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY This paper describes an evidenced-based framework for the assessment, prevention, and treatment of musculoskeletal musician injuries to provide clinicians with an instrument-specific, and musician-centered guide for practice. We synthesized available literature on instrumental ergonomics, biomechanical demands, and upper extremity injuries to highlight the risks and common upper-extremity pathologies, focusing on the specific demands of instrumental groups: piano, high strings (violin and viola), low strings (cello and bass), percussion, woodwinds, and brass. Targeted assessment, prevention, and treatment strategies are reviewed in this context to provide healthcare providers with an evidence-based framework to approach the treatment of PRMD to mitigate incidence of injury during practice and performance. METHODS A comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted including all study designs. RESULTS This review describes risk factors for PRMD in instrumental musicians, strategies to prevent misuse and performance injury, and musician-centered interventions to allow playing while reducing risk of misuse. CONCLUSION The suggested assessment and treatment framework can assist clinicians with a customized patient-centered approach to prevention and treatment by addressing the gap in clinical knowledge with the goal of ultimately reducing the incidence and severity of PRMD in musicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yang
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - D T Fufa
- Department of Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - A L Wolff
- Department of Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA; The Juilliard School, New York, NY, USA.
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Cruder C, Barbero M, Soldini E, Gleeson N. Patterns of pain location in music students: a cluster analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:184. [PMID: 33583401 PMCID: PMC7883446 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to existing literature, musicians experience high rates of musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders involving different anatomical areas. The aim of the study was to identify patterns of pain location in a sample of music students enrolled in different pan-European music institutions. A further goal was to explore the association between the identified pain patterns and students' characteristics. METHODS A total of 340 music students (mean age 23.3 years, 66.2% female) with current MSK pain completed a web-based questionnaire including both background information (i.e. lifestyle and physical activity, practice habits) and clinical features (i.e. pain characteristics, disability, pain self-efficacy, psychological distress, perfectionism and fatigue). RESULTS Five patterns of pain location were identified by hierarchical cluster analysis: wrist pain (WP) representing 22.6% of the total sample, widespread pain (WSP) (16.9%), right shoulder pain (RSP) (18.5%), both shoulders pain - left concentrated (LSP) (23.2%), neck and back pain (NBP) (18.8%). Amongst the identified patterns of pain location, bivariate analysis identified the WSP cluster as containing the largest number of associated variables. Participants in this cluster reported a higher percentage of women (p < .05), a higher perceived exertion (p < .01) and psychological distress (p < .001), as well as a lower level of self-efficacy (p < .01). Similarly, a higher percentage of participants included in the WSP cluster perceived their musical activity as the main cause of their MSK pain (p < .01). Additionally, a higher level of disability in relation to playing-related activity was reported by participants included in the WP and WSP clusters (p < .001). The RSP cluster was characterised by a higher percentage of participants playing an instrument in a neutral position (p < .001) and lower levels of socially prescribed perfectionism (p < .01). A higher percentage of participants playing an instrument with both arms elevated in the left quadrant position were included in the LSP cluster and a higher percentage of singers were included in the NBP cluster (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Five distinct patterns of pain location were identified and their associations with the students' characteristics were explored. These findings may be helpful in the exploration of different aetiologies of MSK pain among musicians and in the development of targeted preventive strategies and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Cruder
- Rehabilitation Research Laboratory 2rLab, Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Manno/Landquart, Switzerland.
- Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK.
- Department of Research and Development, Conservatory of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland.
| | - Marco Barbero
- Rehabilitation Research Laboratory 2rLab, Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Manno/Landquart, Switzerland
| | - Emiliano Soldini
- Research Methodology Competence Centre, Department of Business, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Manno, Switzerland
| | - Nigel Gleeson
- Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
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Ravalier JM. In this issue of Occupational Medicine. Occup Med (Lond) 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqaa172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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