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Brown G, Marchwicka A, Marcinkowska E. Vitamin D and immune system. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2024; 109:1-41. [PMID: 38777411 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The active metabolite of vitamin D 1,25(OH)2D is well known for its role in regulating calcium-phosphate homeostasis of the human body. However, the immunomodulating activity of 1,25(OH)2D has been known for many years. There are numerous reports correlating low vitamin D levels in blood serum with the onset of autoimmune diseases and with the severe course of acute infections. In this chapter, we address the role of 1,25(OH)2D in these diseases, and we discuss the possible mechanisms of action of 1,25(OH)2D in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Brown
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandra Marchwicka
- Department of Protein Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Marcinkowska
- Department of Protein Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.
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Morsli M, Salipante F, Kerharo Q, Boudet A, Stephan R, Dunyach-Remy C, Zandotti C, Lavigne JP, Drancourt M. Dynamics of community-acquired meningitis syndrome outbreaks in southern France. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1102130. [PMID: 36777029 PMCID: PMC9909019 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1102130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In southern France, cases of community-acquired meningitis syndrome (CAM) are typically clustered as outbreaks with determinants which remain unknown. This 61-month retrospective investigation in Nîmes and Marseille university hospital laboratories, yielded 2,209/20,779 (10.63%) documented CAM cases caused by 62 different micro-organisms, represented by seasonal viral etiologies (78.8%), including Enterovirus, Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), and Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV; 1,620/2,209 = 73.4%). Multi correspondence analysis revealed an association of infection with age and sex, with the risk of infection being relatively higher in young men, as confirmed by Fisher's exact test (p < 10-3). Bacterial meningitis accounted for 20% of cases, mostly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (27.4% of cases), Neisseria meningitidis (12.5%), and Haemophilus influenzae (9.5%) with bacteria/virus coinfection (0.9%), and only six cases of documented fungal meningitis. In total, 62.6% of cases, of which 88.7% were undocumented, arose from 10 outbreaks. 33.2% of undocumented cases were aged >60 years compared to 19.2% of documented cases (p < 0.001), and viral infection was more common in the summer (87.5%) compared to other seasons (72.3%; p < 0.001). Outbreaks most often started in Nîmes and moved eastward toward Marseille at a speed of ~9 km/day, and these dynamics significantly correlated with atmospheric temperature, especially during summer outbreaks. In particular, the incidence of Enterovirus-driven outbreaks correlated with temperature, revealing correlation coefficients of 0.64 in Nîmes and 0.72 in Marseille, and its occurrence in Marseille lagged that in Nîmes by 1-2 weeks. Tracing the dynamics of CAM outbreak during this retrospective investigation in southern France yielded a speed of displacement that correlated with the variation in temperature between both cities, and these results provide clues for the next occurrence of undocumented outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madjid Morsli
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France,Aix-Marseille-Université, IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Florian Salipante
- Laboratoire de biostatistique, Épidémiologie Clinique, Santé Publique, Innovation et Méthodologie, CHU de Nîmes, Université de Montpellier, Nîmes, France
| | - Quentin Kerharo
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Agathe Boudet
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, Université de Montpellier, Service de Microbiologie et Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Robin Stephan
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, Université de Montpellier, Service de Microbiologie et Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Catherine Dunyach-Remy
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, Université de Montpellier, Service de Microbiologie et Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Christine Zandotti
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France,Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Lavigne
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, Université de Montpellier, Service de Microbiologie et Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Michel Drancourt
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France,Aix-Marseille-Université, IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France,Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France,*Correspondence: Michel Drancourt, ✉
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Association between vitamin D and incident herpes zoster: a UK Biobank study. Br J Gen Pract 2022; 72:e842-e848. [PMID: 35940884 PMCID: PMC9377351 DOI: 10.3399/bjgp.2021.0623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D has immunomodulatory effects, but any association with herpes zoster (HZ) is unclear. AIM To explore the association between vitamin D status and risk of incident HZ in adults in the UK. DESIGN AND SETTING A cohort study involving participants of UK Biobank (a database containing the health information from half a million individuals) across England, Wales, and Scotland, who had at least one vitamin D testing result with linked primary care electronic health records. METHOD The primary exposure was vitamin D status, categorised as deficient (<25 nmol/L), insufficient (25-49 nmol/L), or sufficient (≥50 nmol/L). The secondary exposures were self-reported vitamin D supplementation at baseline assessment and vitamin D prescription records. The outcome was diagnosed incident HZ, identified from linked primary care or hospital inpatient records. Weibull regression was used, adjusting for potential confounders, including demographic factors, comorbidities, and immunosuppression. RESULTS In total, 177 572 eligible participants were included in the analysis, with a mean follow-up time of 10.1 years (standard deviation 1.9 years). No evidence showed that low vitamin D was associated with a higher incidence of HZ, compared with people with sufficient vitamin D (deficient: adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.90 to 1.10; insufficient: HR 1.03, 95% CI = 0.96 to 1.10). No evidence was found that supplementing vitamin D or receiving vitamin D prescription was associated with HZ incidence (supplementation: HR 0.88, 95% CI = 0.67 to 1.16; prescription: HR 1.11, 95% CI = 0.91 to 1.34). CONCLUSION No association of vitamin D status, supplementation, or prescription with incident HZ was observed. No evidence supported vitamin D supplementation as a strategy to prevent HZ.
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