Lysinibacillus massiliensis Panniculitis Masquerading as Erythema Nodosum: A Case Report

Feed nutritional composition affects the intestinal microbiota and digestive enzyme activity of black soldier fly larvae

Introduction

Using black soldier fly larvae (BSFLs) to treat food waste is one of the most promising environmental protection technologies.

Methods

We used high-throughput sequencing to study the effects of different nutritional compositions on the intestinal microbiota and digestive enzymes of BSF.

Results

Compared with standard feed (CK), high-protein feed (CAS), high-fat feed (OIL) and high-starch feed (STA) had different effects on the BSF intestinal microbiota. CAS significantly reduced the bacterial and fungal diversity in the BSF intestinal tract. At the genus level, CAS, OIL and STA decreased the Enterococcus abundance compared with CK, CAS increased the Lysinibacillus abundance, and OIL increased the Klebsiella, Acinetobacter and Bacillus abundances. Diutina, Issatchenkia and Candida were the dominant fungal genera in the BSFL gut. The relative abundance of Diutina in the CAS group was the highest, and that of Issatchenkia and Candida in the OIL group increased, while STA decreased the abundance of Diutina and increased that of Issatchenkia. The digestive enzyme activities differed among the four groups. The α-amylase, pepsin and lipase activities in the CK group were the highest, and those in the CAS group were the lowest or the second lowest. Correlation analysis of environmental factors showed a significant correlation between the intestinal microbiota composition and digestive enzyme activity, especially α-amylase activity, which was highly correlated with bacteria and fungi with high relative abundances. Moreover, the mortality rate of the CAS group was the highest, and that of the OIL group was the lowest.

Discussion

In summary, different nutritional compositions significantly affected the community structure of bacteria and fungi in the BSFL intestinal tract, affected digestive enzyme activity, and ultimately affected larval mortality. The high oil diet gave the best results in terms of growth, survival and intestinal microbiota diversity, although the digestive enzymes activities were not the highest.

Update on Accepted Novel Bacterial Isolates Derived from Human Clinical Specimens and Taxonomic Revisions Published in 2020 and 2021

A number of factors, including microbiome analyses and the increased utilization of whole-genome sequencing in the clinical microbiology laboratory, has contributed to the explosion of novel prokaryotic species discovery, as well as bacterial taxonomy revision. This review attempts to summarize such changes relative to human clinical specimens that occurred in 2020 and 2021, per primary publication in the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology or acceptance on Validation Lists published by the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. Of particular significance among valid and effectively published taxa within the past 2 years were novel Corynebacterium spp., coagulase-positive staphylococci, Pandoraea spp., and members of family Yersiniaceae. Noteworthy taxonomic revisions include those within the Bacillus and Lactobacillus genera, family Staphylococcaceae (including unifications of subspecies designations to species level taxa), Elizabethkingia spp., and former members of Clostridium spp. and Bacteroides spp. Revisions within the Brucella genus have the potential to cause deleterious effects unless the relevance of such changes is properly communicated by microbiologists to stakeholders in clinical practice, infection prevention, and public health.

Structural and functional changes in soil bacterial communities by drifting spray application of a commercial red seaweed extract as revealed by metagenomics

Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed extract (KSWE) is known to enhance crop productivity and impart stress tolerance. Close to one quarter of foliar spray applied to maize falls on the soil, either as drift or from leaf as drip. It was hypothesized that the drift spray would profoundly influence soil microbes under stress. An experiment was conducted with five treatments, with or without KSWE application at critical stages of maize grown under soil moisture stress and compared with an irrigated control. An Illumina platform was employed for the analysis of the V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene from the soil metagenome. A total of 345,552 operational taxonomic units were generated which were classified into 55 phyla, 152 classes, 240 orders, 305 families and 593 genera. Shannon's index and Shannon's equitability indicated increased soil bacterial diversity after multiple KSWE applications under conditions of abiotic duress. The abundance of the genera Alicyclobacillus, Anaerolinea, Bacillus, Balneimonas, Nitrospira, Rubrobacter and Steroidobacter decreased (49-79%) under drought imposed at the V5,10 and 15 stages of maize over the irrigated control, while it significantly improved when followed by KSWE application under drought. Flavobacterium, Nitrosomonas, Nitrosovibrio, Rubrobacter genera and several other bacterial taxa which are important for plant growth promotion and nutrient cycling were found to be enriched by KSWE application under drought conditions. Treatments having enriched microbial abundance due to KSWE application under stress recorded higher soil enzymatic activities and plant cob yield, suggesting the contribution of altered soil ecology mediated by KSWE as one of the reasons for improvement of yield.