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Kamel FZ, Hoseiny HAM, Shahawy AAE, Boghdadi G, Shahawy AAE. NLRP3 (rs10754558) gene polymorphism and tumor necrosis factor alpha as predictors for disease activity and response to methotrexate and adalimumab in psoriasis. BMC Immunol 2024; 25:40. [PMID: 38965465 PMCID: PMC11223426 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-024-00630-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis has a global prevalence of 1-3%, with variations observed across different ethnic groups and geographical areas. Disease susceptibility and response to anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) drugs suggest different genetic regulatory mechanisms which may include NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) polymorphism. Evaluation of the NLRP3 gene polymorphism, the serum level of CRP and TNFα in psoriasis patients and assessment of the NLRP3 (rs10754558) gene polymorphism, CRP and TNFα with disease severity and their role as biomarkers for response to Methotrexate and Adalimumab in psoriasis. The study had a total of 75 patients diagnosed with psoriasis vulgaris, who were compared to a control group of 75 healthy individuals. RESULTS There was a highly significant difference in NLRP3 genotypes and alleles distribution between psoriasis patients and controls (P = 0.002,0.004). The heterozygote genotype GC (OR = 3.67,95%CI:1.75-7.68, P = 0.0006), was linked with increased risk of psoriasis. Additionally, The GC genotype was significantly associated with nonresponse to psoriasis therapy (OR = 11.7,95%CI:3.24-42.28, P = 0.0002). Regarding serum CRP and TNFα levels, there was a highly statistically significant difference between psoriasis patients and controls (P < 0.0001), and there was also a highly statistically significant difference between responders and non-responders in psoriasis patients regarding PASI 50 (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The NLRP3 (rs10754558) genotypes GC was associated with the severe form of psoriasis and with nonresponse to psoriasis medication. Therefore, NLRP3 (rs10754558) gene polymorphism is an important prognostic biomarker in psoriasis patients. The serum TNFα can be used as a predictor for response to therapy in psoriasis patients. More research for evaluation of role of the NLRP3 gene polymorphism in the genetic risks and treatment outcomes associated with psoriasis is still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Z Kamel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Aya A El Shahawy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ghada Boghdadi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- College of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alia A El Shahawy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
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Phoswa WN, Khaliq OP, Eche S. A Review on Inflammasomes and Immune Checkpoints in Pre-Eclampsia Complicated with Tuberculosis and Human Immune Deficiency Virus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6627. [PMID: 37681767 PMCID: PMC10487055 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20176627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The current review evaluates how inflammasomes and immune checkpoints are regulated in pre-eclampsia (PE) associated with tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV). Studies indicate that inflammasomes such as (NRLP3, NEK7, and AIM2) and immune checkpoints such as (CLT4, PD-1, TIM3, and LAG-3) are dysregulated in TB- and HIV-infected individuals, and also in pre-eclamptic pregnancies, which explains why pregnant women who are either infected with TB or HIV have an increased risk of developing PE. Evidence suggests that inhibition of inflammasomes and immune checkpoints may assist in the development of novel anti-inflammatory drugs for the prevention and management of PE in patients with or without TB and HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy N. Phoswa
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, Science Campus, University of South Africa (UNISA), Private Bag X 6, Florida, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa
| | - Olive P. Khaliq
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa;
| | - Simeon Eche
- School of Medicine, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CO 06510, USA;
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Asiimwe IG, Kiiza D, Walimbwa S, Sekaggya CW. Genetic factors associated with tuberculosis-related clinical outcomes in HIV-infected Black African patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmacogenomics 2021; 22:997-1017. [PMID: 34605246 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2021-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the genetic factors influencing tuberculosis (TB) clinical outcomes in HIV-infected Black African patients. Materials & methods: We systematically searched and identified eligible publications from >550 databases indexed through February 2021. Results: Eighteen studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. Only two cohorts from one study were included in quantitative synthesis of which the low expression MIF-794 CATT5,6 (5/5 + 5/6 + 6/6) genotypes were not associated with TB infectivity in HIV-infected patients (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 0.46-3.79). Other TB clinical outcomes observed in HIV/TB co-infected patients included: drug-induced liver injury, peripheral neuropathy, mortality, lung function and TB cure. Conclusion: This review finds inconclusive evidence that genetic factors are associated with TB clinical outcomes among HIV-infected patients in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent Gerald Asiimwe
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology (ISMIB), University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Daniel Kiiza
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology (ISMIB), University of Liverpool, UK.,Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Stephen Walimbwa
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
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Role of NLRP3rs10754558 and NOS3rs1799983 genetic polymorphisms in smoking and nonsmoking COPD patients. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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ALrefai A, Dawood A, Shehata W, Elhelbawy M, Elhelbawy N. Evaluation of NLRP3 (rs10754558) and PTPN22 (1858C/T) (rs2476601) Functional Polymorphisms in Psoriasis Susceptibility in Egypt. Appl Clin Genet 2021; 14:331-339. [PMID: 34345180 PMCID: PMC8324977 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s319065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a complex autoimmune multifactorial disease induced by interaction of environmental and genetic factors. This research aimed to clarify the association of NLRP3 (rs10754558) and PTPN22 (1858C/T) (rs2476601) polymorphisms with susceptibility to psoriasis. METHODS This case-control study involved 150 patients diagnosed with psoriasis and 100 age- and gender-matched apparently healthy individuals. NLRP3 (rs10754558) polymorphism was done by real time PCR and PTPN22 1858C/T (rs2476601) genotype was identified by tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. RESULTS The genotypes distribution of NLRP3 (rs10754558) were significantly associated with psoriasis (p<0.0001). Whereas for PTPN22 (1858C/T) (rs2476601), no significance was found (p=0.09). NLRP3 (rs10754558) GC genotype revealed a significant association with psoriasis (p<0.0001), mainly among male (p=0.004) patients with mild psoriasis (p=0.001) and affected extremities (p=0.0001). CONCLUSION We can conclude that the NLRP3 (rs10754558) GC genotype may play a role in psoriasis susceptibility among male Egyptian populations with affected extremities. Future studies must evaluate its role in the prevention or the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer ALrefai
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom City, Egypt
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makah City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Dawood
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom City, Egypt
| | - Wafaa Shehata
- Dermatology, Andrology & Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom City, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Elhelbawy
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom City, Egypt
| | - Nesreen Elhelbawy
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom City, Egypt
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Dubé JY, Fava VM, Schurr E, Behr MA. Underwhelming or Misunderstood? Genetic Variability of Pattern Recognition Receptors in Immune Responses and Resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:714808. [PMID: 34276708 PMCID: PMC8278570 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.714808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human genetic control is thought to affect a considerable part of the outcome of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Most of us deal with the pathogen by containment (associated with clinical "latency") or sterilization, but tragically millions each year do not. After decades of studies on host genetic susceptibility to Mtb infection, genetic variation has been discovered to play a role in tuberculous immunoreactivity and tuberculosis (TB) disease. Genes encoding pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) enable a consistent, molecularly direct interaction between humans and Mtb which suggests the potential for co-evolution. In this review, we explore the roles ascribed to PRRs during Mtb infection and ask whether such a longstanding and intimate interface between our immune system and this pathogen plays a critical role in determining the outcome of Mtb infection. The scientific evidence to date suggests that PRR variation is clearly implicated in altered immunity to Mtb but has a more subtle role in limiting the pathogen and pathogenesis. In contrast to 'effectors' like IFN-γ, IL-12, Nitric Oxide and TNF that are critical for Mtb control, 'sensors' like PRRs are less critical for the outcome of Mtb infection. This is potentially due to redundancy of the numerous PRRs in the innate arsenal, such that Mtb rarely goes unnoticed. Genetic association studies investigating PRRs during Mtb infection should therefore be designed to investigate endophenotypes of infection - such as immunological or clinical variation - rather than just TB disease, if we hope to understand the molecular interface between innate immunity and Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Yves Dubé
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vinicius M. Fava
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Erwin Schurr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marcel A. Behr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Innate Immune Pattern Recognition Receptors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Nature and Consequences for Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1313:179-215. [PMID: 34661896 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67452-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a critical early response to prevent the establishment of the infection. Despite recent advances in understanding the host-pathogen dialogue in the early stages of tuberculosis (TB), much has yet to be learnt. The nature and consequences of this dialogue ultimately determine the path of infection: namely, either early clearance of M. tuberculosis, or establishment of M. tuberculosis infection leading to active TB disease and/or latent TB infection. On the frontline in innate immunity are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), with soluble factors (e.g. collectins and complement) and cell surface factors (e.g. Toll-like receptors and other C-type lectin receptors (Dectin 1/2, Nod-like receptors, DC-SIGN, Mincle, mannose receptor, and MCL) that play a central role in recognising M. tuberculosis and facilitating its clearance. However, in a 'double-edged sword' scenario, these factors can also be involved in enhancement of pathogenesis as well. Furthermore, innate immunity is also a critical bridge in establishing the subsequent adaptive immune response, which is also responsible for granuloma formation that cordons off M. tuberculosis infection, establishing latency and acting as a reservoir for bacterial persistence and dissemination of future disease. This chapter discusses the current understanding of pattern recognition of M. tuberculosis by innate immunity and the role this plays in the pathogenesis and protection against TB.
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Herman R, Jensterle M, Janež A, Goričar K, Dolžan V. Genetic Variability in Antioxidative and Inflammatory Pathways Modifies the Risk for PCOS and Influences Metabolic Profile of the Syndrome. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10110439. [PMID: 33138337 PMCID: PMC7692942 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10110439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder of multifactorial etiopathology likely to involve the interactions between genetics and lifestyle. Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) may participate in the pathophysiology of the syndrome. The question of the extent to which OS and inflammation are causally related to the development of the syndrome and metabolic complications remains unanswered. By our knowledge, the role of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome as an important trigger of inflammatory pathways and NLRP3 and CARD8 polymorphisms has never been addressed in PCOS yet. We conducted a case-control study conducting of total 169 Slovenian PCOS patients and 83 healthy blood donors. They were genotyped for polymorphisms in antioxidative (SOD2 rs4880, CAT rs1001179, PON1 rs854560, and rs662) and inflammatory pathways genes (NLRP3 rs35829419, CARD8 rs2043211, TNF rs1800629, IL1B rs1143623, and rs16944, IL6 rs1800795) using competitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Logistic regression and the Mann–Whitney test were used in the statistical analysis. SOD2 rs4880, CARD8 rs2043211, and IL1B rs16944 were associated with the risk of developing PCOS. Furthermore, the interactions between CARD8 rs2043211 and IL6 rs1800795 and between IL1B rs1143623 and IL6 rs1800795 also significantly affected the risk for PCOS. With regard to glucose homeostasis, CAT rs1001179, SOD2 rs4880, PON1 rs854560, NLRP3 rs35829419, and TNF rs1800629 were significantly associated with response to the glycemic load. Our data indicate that the genetic variability in the antioxidative and inflammatory pathways influences the development of PCOS and glucose homeostasis in PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rok Herman
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.H.); (M.J.); (A.J.)
| | - Mojca Jensterle
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.H.); (M.J.); (A.J.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Janež
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.H.); (M.J.); (A.J.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Goričar
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-543-7670
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Ravimohan S, Maenetje P, Auld SC, Ncube I, Mlotshwa M, Chase W, Tiemessen CT, Vangu MDT, Wallis RS, Churchyard G, Weissman D, Kornfeld H, Bisson GP. A Common NLRC4 Gene Variant Associates With Inflammation and Pulmonary Function in Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 71:924-932. [PMID: 31751447 PMCID: PMC7428399 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammasomes mediate inflammation in adults living with both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB), but the relevance of inflammasome gene polymorphisms in TB-associated pulmonary damage is unknown. We hypothesized that functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in inflammasome pathway genes modify systemic and pulmonary inflammation, contributing to respiratory impairment in adults living with HIV/pulmonary TB. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study set in South Africa following individuals living with HIV/TB up to 48 weeks post-antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. Ten functional SNPs in 5 inflammasome pathway genes were related to circulating inflammatory biomarkers and lung function assessed by spirometry pre- and post-ART initiation. Analyses used 2-sided t tests, Wilcoxon rank sum tests, Spearman correlation coefficients, linear regression, and generalized estimating equation models. RESULTS Among 102 patients with baseline samples, the minor allele (T) in NLRC4 rs385076 was independently associated with lower levels of interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-6 before and up to 12 weeks post-ART initiation (Benjamini-Hochberg corrected P values < .02). Patients with the CT/TT genotypes also had improved lung function vs CC patients up to 48 weeks post-ART initiation (forced vital capacity, 206 mL higher; 95% confidence interval [CI], 67-345 mL; P = .004 and forced expiratory volume in 1 second, 143 mL higher; 95% CI, 11-274 mL; P = .034). CONCLUSIONS A common SNP in the NLRC4 inflammasome may modify TB-associated inflammation in clinically relevant ways. This SNP may identify high-risk groups for lung damage in TB. Inhibition of NLRC4 activity may be an important approach for TB host-directed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Ravimohan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Sara C Auld
- Department of Medicine, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Itai Ncube
- The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - William Chase
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Caroline T Tiemessen
- Centre for HIV-1 and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mboyo-Di-Tamba Vangu
- Nuclear Medicine, CM Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Gavin Churchyard
- The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hardy Kornfeld
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory P Bisson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Inflammasome genetics and complex diseases: a comprehensive review. Eur J Hum Genet 2020; 28:1307-1321. [PMID: 32499599 PMCID: PMC7608315 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-020-0631-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome is a cytoplasmic multiprotein complex responsible for the activation of inflammatory caspases (caspase-1, -4, and -5) in response to pathogen- and/or damage-associated molecular patterns or to homeostasis-altering molecular pathways, and for the consequent release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1ß and IL-18. Taking in account the complexity of inflammasome activation and that several regulatory steps are involved in maintaining its physiologic role in homeostasis and innate immune response, it does not surprise that several genetic variants in inflammasome components have been associated with common pathologies in the general population, such as autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular diseases, obesity and associated metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Moreover, the susceptibility to infectious agents and/or to develop severe complications during infections also has been related to inflammasome genetics. In this work, we revised genetic association studies about polymorphisms of main inflammasome genes in sterile as well as infectious diseases, trying to depict the genetic contribution of inflammasome in disease pathogenesis.
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RNA Sensing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Its Impact on TB Vaccination Strategies. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010067. [PMID: 32033104 PMCID: PMC7158685 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is still an important global threat and although the causing organism has been discovered long ago, effective prevention strategies are lacking. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a unique pathogen with a complex host interaction. Understanding the immune responses upon infection with MTB is crucial for the development of new vaccination strategies and therapeutic targets for TB. Recently, it has been proposed that sensing bacterial nucleic acid in antigen-presenting cells via intracellular pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is a central mechanism for initiating an effective host immune response. Here, we summarize key findings of the impact of mycobacterial RNA sensing for innate and adaptive host immunity after MTB infection, with emphasis on endosomal toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytosolic sensors such as NLRP3 and RLRs, modulating T-cell differentiation through IL-12, IL-21, and type I interferons. Ultimately, these immunological pathways may impact immune memory and TB vaccine efficacy. The novel findings described here may change our current understanding of the host response to MTB and potentially impact clinical research, as well as future vaccination design. In this review, the current state of the art is summarized, and an outlook is given on how progress can be made.
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Leal VNC, Reis EC, Pontillo A. Inflammasome in HIV infection: Lights and shadows. Mol Immunol 2019; 118:9-18. [PMID: 31835091 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The importance of inflammasome, and related cytokines IL-1ß and IL-18, in host defense against pathogens is well documented, however, at the same time, dysregulation of inflammasome has been associated to multifactorial diseases characterized by chronic inflammation (i.e.: metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmunity, cancer). Inflammasome activation has been described in response to HIV-1 and possibly contributes to the resistance against virus establishment, however, on the other hand, when viral infection becomes chronic, independently from antiretroviral therapy, the increase constitutive activation of inflammasome has been eventually associated to a worse prognosis, raising the question about the role played by inflammasome and/or some specific receptors in this context. Due to the chance to imply targeted therapies that inhibit inflammasome activation and/or cytokines release, it will be important to define the impact of the complex in the pathogenesis of HIV. The purpose of this review is to depict the double-faced inflammasome role in HIV-1 infection, trying to unveil whether besides its role in first line defense against the virus, it exerts a harmful effect during the chronic phase of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Nunes Cordeiro Leal
- Laboratorio de Imunogenetica, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas (ICB), Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edione Cristina Reis
- Laboratorio de Imunogenetica, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas (ICB), Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Pontillo
- Laboratorio de Imunogenetica, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas (ICB), Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Schutz C, Barr D, Andrade BB, Shey M, Ward A, Janssen S, Burton R, Wilkinson KA, Sossen B, Fukutani KF, Nicol M, Maartens G, Wilkinson RJ, Meintjes G. Clinical, microbiologic, and immunologic determinants of mortality in hospitalized patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis: A prospective cohort study. PLoS Med 2019; 16:e1002840. [PMID: 31276515 PMCID: PMC6611568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In high-burden settings, case fatality rates are reported to be between 11% and 32% in hospitalized patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis, yet the underlying causes of mortality remain poorly characterized. Understanding causes of mortality could inform the development of novel management strategies to improve survival. We aimed to assess clinical and microbiologic determinants of mortality and to characterize the pathophysiological processes underlying death by evaluating host soluble inflammatory mediators and determined the relationship between these mediators and death as well as biomarkers of disseminated tuberculosis. METHODS AND FINDINGS Adult patients with HIV hospitalized with a new diagnosis of HIV-associated tuberculosis were enrolled in Cape Town between 2014 and 2016. Detailed tuberculosis diagnostic testing was performed. Biomarkers of tuberculosis dissemination and host soluble inflammatory mediators at baseline were assessed. Of 682 enrolled participants, 576 with tuberculosis (487/576, 84.5% microbiologically confirmed) were included in analyses. The median age was 37 years (IQR = 31-43), 51.2% were female, and the patients had advanced HIV with a median cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) count of 58 cells/L (IQR = 21-120) and a median HIV viral load of 5.1 log10 copies/mL (IQR = 3.3-5.7). Antituberculosis therapy was initiated in 566/576 (98.3%) and 487/576 (84.5%) started therapy within 48 hours of enrolment. Twelve-week mortality was 124/576 (21.5%), with 46/124 (37.1%) deaths occurring within 7 days of enrolment. Clinical and microbiologic determinants of mortality included disseminated tuberculosis (positive urine lipoarabinomannan [LAM], urine Xpert MTB/RIF, or tuberculosis blood culture in 79.6% of deaths versus 60.7% of survivors, p = 0.001), sepsis syndrome (high lactate in 50.8% of deaths versus 28.9% of survivors, p < 0.001), and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (16.9% of deaths versus 7.2% of survivors, p = 0.002). Using non-supervised two-way hierarchical cluster and principal components analyses, we describe an immune profile dominated by mediators of the innate immune system and chemotactic signaling (interleukin-1 receptor antagonist [IL-1Ra], IL-6, IL-8, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta [MIP-1β]/C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 [CCL4], interferon gamma-induced protein-10 [IP-10]/C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 [CXCL10], MIP-1 alpha [MIP-1α]/CCL3), which segregated participants who died from those who survived. This immune profile was associated with mortality in a Cox proportional hazards model (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 2.2, 95%CI = 1.9-2.7, p < 0.001) and with detection of biomarkers of disseminated tuberculosis. Clinicians attributing causes of death identified tuberculosis as a cause or one of the major causes of death in 89.5% of cases. We did not perform longitudinal sampling and did not have autopsy-confirmed causes of death. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we did not identify a major contribution from coinfections to these deaths. Disseminated tuberculosis, sepsis syndrome, and rifampicin resistance were associated with mortality. An immune profile dominated by mediators of the innate immune system and chemotactic signaling was associated with both tuberculosis dissemination and mortality. These findings provide pathophysiologic insights into underlying causes of mortality and could be used to inform the development of novel treatment strategies and to develop methods to risk stratify patients to appropriately target novel interventions. Causal relationships cannot be established from this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Schutz
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - David Barr
- Wellcome Trust Liverpool Glasgow Centre for Global Health Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno B. Andrade
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Laureate Universities, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Muki Shey
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Amy Ward
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Saskia Janssen
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rosie Burton
- Khayelitsha Hospital, Department of Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Katalin A. Wilkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bianca Sossen
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kiyoshi F. Fukutani
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (FTC), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Mark Nicol
- Division of Medical Microbiology, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Services, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gary Maartens
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robert J. Wilkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Meintjes
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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