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Wolie ZT, Roberts JA, Gilchrist M, McCarthy K, Sime FB. Current practices and challenges of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy: a narrative review. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024:dkae177. [PMID: 38842523 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Extended hospitalization for infection management increases inpatient care costs and the risk of healthcare-associated adverse events, including infections. The growing global demand for healthcare, the diminishing availability of hospital beds and an increasing patient preference for care within their own home have been the primary drivers of the expansion of hospital-in-the-home programmes. Such programmes include the use of IV antimicrobials in outpatient settings, known as outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT). However, OPAT practices vary globally. This review article aims to describe the current OPAT practices and challenges worldwide. OPAT practice begins with patient evaluation and selection using eligibility criteria, which requires collaboration between the interdisciplinary OPAT team, patients and caregivers. Depending on care requirements, eligible patients may be enrolled to various models of care, receiving medication by healthcare professionals at outpatient infusion centres, hospital clinics, home visits or through self-administration. OPAT can be used for the management of many infections where an effective oral treatment option is lacking. Various classes of parenteral antimicrobials, including β-lactams, aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, fluoroquinolones and antifungals such as echinocandins, are used globally in OPAT practice. Despite its benefits, OPAT has numerous challenges, including complications from medication administration devices, antimicrobial side effects, monitoring requirements, antimicrobial instability, patient non-adherence, patient OPAT rejection, and challenges related to OPAT team structure and administration, all of which impact its outcome. A negative outcome could include unplanned hospital readmission. Future research should focus on mitigating these challenges to enable optimization of the OPAT service and thereby maximize the documented benefits for the healthcare system, patients and healthcare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenaw T Wolie
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Jason A Roberts
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
- Herston Infectious Diseases Institute (HeIDI), Metro North Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Departments of Pharmacy and Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
- Division of Anaesthesiology Critical Care Emergency and Pain Medicine, Nîmes University Hospital, University of Montpellier, 30029 Nîmes, France
| | - Mark Gilchrist
- Department of Pharmacy/Infection, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Kate McCarthy
- Royal Brisbane Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fekade B Sime
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
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2
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Peter S, Oberröhrmann C, Pfaff H, Lehmann C, Schmidt-Hellerau K, Brandes V, Leisse C, Lindemann CH, Ihle P, Küpper-Nybelen J, Hagemeier A, Scholten N. Exploring patients' perspectives: a mixed methods study on Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) experiences. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:544. [PMID: 38685017 PMCID: PMC11057129 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-11017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT), an alternative to inpatient intravenous antibiotic therapy, has shown benefits in international studies such as increased patient satisfaction. Because OPAT has been used only sporadically in Germany so far, no structured results on patients' experiences and concerns regarding OPAT have yet been available. This study therefore aims to explore the experiences of OPAT patients in a pilot region in Germany. METHODS This is an observational study in a German pilot region, including a survey of 58 patients on their experiences with OPAT, and in-depth interviews with 12 patients (explanatory-sequential mixed-methods design). RESULTS Patients reported that they were satisfied with OPAT. That a hospital discharge was possible and anti-infective therapy could be continued in the home environment was rated as being particularly positive. In the beginning, many patients in the interviews were unsure about being able to administer the antibiotic therapy at home on their own. However, healthcare providers (doctors and pharmacy service provider staff) were able to allay these concerns. Patients appreciated regular contact with care providers. There were suggestions for improvement, particularly concerning the organization of the weekly check-up appointments and the provision of information about OPAT. CONCLUSIONS Patients were generally satisfied with OPAT. However, the treatment structures in Germany still need to be expanded to ensure comprehensive and high-quality OPAT care. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04002453, https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov/ , (registration date: 2019-06-21).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Peter
- Chair of General Practice II and Patient-Centredness in Primary Care, Institute of General Practice and Primary Care, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research and Rehabilitation Science, Chair of Health Services Research, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Charlotte Oberröhrmann
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research and Rehabilitation Science, Chair of Health Services Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Pfaff
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research and Rehabilitation Science Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Health Services Research Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Clara Lehmann
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn-Cologne, Germany
| | - Kirsten Schmidt-Hellerau
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Vanessa Brandes
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Charlotte Leisse
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Heinrich Lindemann
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC),, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Ihle
- PMV forschungsgruppe, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jutta Küpper-Nybelen
- PMV forschungsgruppe, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Hagemeier
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology (IMSB), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nadine Scholten
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research and Rehabilitation Science, Chair of Health Services Research, Cologne, Germany
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3
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Minter DJ, Appa A, Chambers HF, Doernberg SB. Contemporary Management of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia-Controversies in Clinical Practice. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:e57-e68. [PMID: 37950887 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) carries a high risk for excess morbidity and mortality. Despite its prevalence, significant practice variation continues to permeate clinical management of this syndrome. Since the publication of the 2011 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines on management of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections, the field of SAB has evolved with the emergence of newer diagnostic strategies and therapeutic options. In this review, we seek to provide a comprehensive overview of the evaluation and management of SAB, with special focus on areas where the highest level of evidence is lacking to inform best practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Minter
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ayesha Appa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Henry F Chambers
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sarah B Doernberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Castillo-Fernández N, Pérez-Crespo PMM, Salamanca-Rivera E, Herrera-Hidalgo L, de Alarcón A, Navarro-Amuedo MD, Marrodán Ciordia T, Pérez-Rodríguez MT, Sevilla-Blanco J, Jover-Saenz A, Fernández-Suárez J, Armiñanzas-Castillo C, Reguera-Iglesias JM, Natera Kindelán C, Boix-Palop L, León Jiménez E, Galán-Sánchez F, del Arco Jiménez A, Bahamonde-Carrasco A, Vinuesa García D, Smithson Amat A, Cuquet Pedragosa J, Reche Molina IM, Pérez Camacho I, Merino de Lucas E, Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez B, Rodríguez Baño J, López Cortés LE. Conventional Hospitalization versus Sequential Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Therapy for Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: Post-Hoc Analysis of a Multicenter Observational Cohort. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010129. [PMID: 36671330 PMCID: PMC9854520 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
It is not known whether sequential outpatient parenteral antimicrobial (OPAT) is as safe and effective as conventional hospitalization in patients with S. aureus bacteremia (SAB). A post-hoc analysis of the comparative effectiveness of conventional hospitalization versus sequential OPAT was performed in two prospective Spanish cohorts of patients with S. aureus bacteremia. The PROBAC cohort is a national, multicenter, prospective observational cohort of patients diagnosed in 22 Spanish hospitals between October 2016 and March 2017. The DOMUS OPAT cohort is a prospective observational cohort including patients from two university hospitals in Seville, Spain from 2012 to 2021. Multivariate regression was performed, including a propensity score (PS) for receiving OPAT, stratified analysis according to PS quartiles, and matched pair analyses based on PS. Four hundred and thirteen patients were included in the analysis: 150 in sequential OPAT and 263 in the full hospitalization therapy group. In multivariate analysis, including PS and center effect as covariates, 60-day treatment failure was lower in the OPAT group than in the full hospitalization group (p < 0.001; OR 0.275, 95%CI 0.129−0.584). In the PS-based matched analyses, sequential treatment under OPAT was not associated with higher 60-day treatment failure (p = 0.253; adjusted OR 0.660; % CI 0.324−1.345). OPAT is a safe and effective alternative to conventional in-patient therapy for completion of treatment in well-selected patients with SAB, mainly those associated with a low-risk source and without end-stage kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena Salamanca-Rivera
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla/e Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/CSIC, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Arístides de Alarcón
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 4103 Seville, Spain
| | - María Dolores Navarro-Amuedo
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 4103 Seville, Spain
| | - Teresa Marrodán Ciordia
- Departamento de Microbiología Clínica, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE), 24071 León, Spain
| | | | - Juan Sevilla-Blanco
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Jerez de la Frontera, 11407 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Alfredo Jover-Saenz
- Unidad Funcional de Infecciones Nosocomiales, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, 25198 Lérida, Spain
| | - Jonathan Fernández-Suárez
- Unidad de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos Armiñanzas-Castillo
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria, IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | | | - Clara Natera Kindelán
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Lucía Boix-Palop
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, 08221 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva León Jiménez
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Valme, 41014 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Fátima Galán-Sánchez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Alfonso del Arco Jiménez
- Grupo Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Costa del Sol, 29603 Marbella, Spain
| | | | - David Vinuesa García
- Unidad Gestión Clínica Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandro Smithson Amat
- Unidad de Medicina Interna, Fundació Hospital de l’Esperit Sant, 08923 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Jordi Cuquet Pedragosa
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Granollers, 08402 Granollers, Spain
| | | | | | - Esperanza Merino de Lucas
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario General de Alicante, 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Belén Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla/e Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/CSIC, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Rodríguez Baño
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla/e Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/CSIC, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Eduardo López Cortés
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla/e Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/CSIC, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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5
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Kouijzer IJE, Fowler VG, Ten Oever J. Redefining Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: A structured approach guiding diagnostic and therapeutic management. J Infect 2023; 86:9-13. [PMID: 36370898 PMCID: PMC11105116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The current duration of therapy in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is based on differentiating complicated from uncomplicated disease. While this approach allows clinicians and investigators to group SAB patients into broadly similar clinical categories, it fails to account for the intrinsic heterogeneity of SAB. This is due in part to the fact that risk factors for metastatic infection and confirmed metastatic infection are considered as equivalent in most scoring systems. In this viewpoint, we propose a two-step system of categorizing patients with SAB. Initially, patients with SAB would be categorized as 'high risk' or 'low risk' for metastatic infection based upon an initial set of diagnostic procedures. In the second step, patients identified as 'high-risk' would undergo additional diagnostic evaluation. The results of this stepwise diagnostic evaluation would define a 'final clinical diagnosis' to inform an individualized final treatment plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse J E Kouijzer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Vance G Fowler
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham North Carolina, USA; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jaap Ten Oever
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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6
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Molina KC, Lunowa C, Lebin M, Segerstrom Nunez A, Azimi SF, Krsak M, Mueller SW, Miller MA. Comparison of Sequential Dalbavancin to Standard-of-Care Treatment for Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac335. [PMID: 35899276 PMCID: PMC9314917 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dalbavancin (DAL) is a long-acting lipoglycopeptide with activity against Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). This study investigates DAL as sequential therapy in S. aureus bloodstream infections (BSIs). Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study from 2014 to 2021 comparing sequential DAL with standard-of-care therapy (SoC) for S. aureus BSI. The primary outcome was 90-day clinical failure (90-day all-cause mortality or 90-day recurrence). Secondary outcomes were incidence of acute kidney injury, creatinine phosphokinase elevations, catheter-related thrombosis, and hospital-acquired infections. Analyses were adjusted using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Results Overall, 225 patients (45 DAL, 180 SoC) were included. DAL patients had a higher incidence of community-acquired infection and persons who use drugs; SoC patients had more comorbidities and a longer duration of bacteremia. MRSA incidence was similar between the DAL and SoC groups. The median length of stay was 16 days among DAL recipients compared with 24 days among SoC recipients. Central catheter placement was 17.8% compared with 57.2% in the SoC group. Ninety-day clinical failure occurred in 13.3% and 18.3% of participants in the DAL and SOC groups, respectively. In IPTW-adjusted analysis, sequential DAL was not associated with 90-day clinical failure (adjusted odds ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.333–2.32). Conclusions This study provides preliminary evidence that select patients with S. aureus BSI treated with sequential DAL have similar clinical failure rates, with significant reductions in catheter placement and hospital length of stay compared with SoC. Further prospective evaluation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle C Molina
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Hospital , Aurora, CO , USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Aurora, CO , USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Cali Lunowa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Hospital , Aurora, CO , USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Madelyn Lebin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Hospital , Aurora, CO , USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Andrea Segerstrom Nunez
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Hospital , Aurora, CO , USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Sara F Azimi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Martin Krsak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Scott W Mueller
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Hospital , Aurora, CO , USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Matthew A Miller
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Hospital , Aurora, CO , USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Aurora, CO , USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, CO , USA
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7
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Certain LK, Benefield RJ, Newman M, Zhang M, Thomas FO. A Quality Initiative to Improve Post-discharge Care for Patients on Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac199. [PMID: 35794930 PMCID: PMC9251666 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background/Objective
Patients discharged from the hospital on outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) require close monitoring, including weekly blood tests and an early post-hospital follow-up visit. However, because patients often receive OPAT in a separate healthcare system from where they received inpatient care, the OPAT plan often fails, with less than 75% of OPAT patients receiving the recommended laboratory monitoring. We sought to determine if changing our inpatient OPAT documentation method would improve post-discharge care.
Methods
As a quality improvement initiative, we conducted two Plan-Do-Study-Act interventions on our OPAT documentation. Our first intervention was to create a standardized OPAT Progress Note, and our second was to turn that note into a SmartForm (Epic) with discrete fields for the key information. We examined the effects of these changes on the rate of completion of recommended lab monitoring, attendance at outpatient follow-up visits, and 30-day readmission rates.
Results
Changing our documentation to a standardized Progress Note and then to a SmartForm with discrete fields led to an increase in the proportion of patients with a serum creatinine checked within ten days of discharge (from 63% to 71% to 73%) and who attended an infectious disease clinic visit within three weeks of discharge (from 21% to 36% to 47%). However, the rate of readmissions for OPAT-related problems did not change, nor did a composite outcome of 30-day mortality/unplanned readmission.
Conclusions
Changes in how and where care plans are documented in the inpatient medical record can have significant effects on patient care outcomes after discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K. Certain
- University of Utah Health, Division of Infectious Diseases, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | | | - Michael Newman
- University of Utah Health, Data Science Services, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Mingyuan Zhang
- University of Utah Health, Data Science Services, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Frank O. Thomas
- University of Utah Health, Value Engineering (retired), Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
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8
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Yetmar ZA, Razi S, Nayfeh T, Gerberi DJ, Mahmood M, Abu Saleh OM. Ceftriaxone versus antistaphylococcal antibiotics for definitive treatment of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2021; 59:106486. [PMID: 34839007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Optimal therapy for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infections is unclear. Current standard of care consists of antistaphylococcal antibiotics (ASAs) such as nafcillin, oxacillin and cefazolin. Ceftriaxone has been evaluated due to its advantage as a once-daily outpatient regimen. However, questions remain regarding its efficacy compared with ASAs. We aimed to conduct a review and synthesis of available literature for outcomes of patients treated with ceftriaxone or ASAs for MSSA infections. We searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase Ovid, MEDLINE Ovid, Scopus and Web of Science (1990 to June 2021). Risk of bias for cohort studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. We pooled risk ratios (RRs) using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model for outcomes of those receiving ceftriaxone versus ASAs. Heterogeneity was assessed by the I2 index. From 459 identified studies, 7 were included in the quantitative synthesis totalling 1640 patients. Definitive therapy with ceftriaxone was associated with a lower risk of toxicity requiring therapy alteration (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.27-0.88; I2 = 0%). There was no difference in terms of 90-day all-cause mortality (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.46-1.88; I2 = 9%), hospital readmission (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.57-1.64; I2 = 0%) or infection recurrence (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.63-1.72; I2 =0%). Current evidence suggests there is no difference in efficacy between ceftriaxone and ASAs for MSSA infection, with a lower risk of toxicity with ceftriaxone. Within the limitations of available retrospective studies, ceftriaxone is a consideration for definitive therapy of MSSA infection. [Trial registration: PROSPERO ID: CRD42021259086].
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Yetmar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Samrah Razi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Tarek Nayfeh
- Evidence-Based Practice Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dana J Gerberi
- Mayo Clinic Libraries, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Maryam Mahmood
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Omar M Abu Saleh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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9
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Serota DP, Chueng TA, Schechter MC. Applying the Infectious Diseases Literature to People who Inject Drugs. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2021; 34:539-558. [PMID: 32782101 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
People who inject drugs (PWID) presenting with injection drug use-associated infections are an understudied population excluded from most prospective infectious disease (ID) clinical trials. Careful application of the existing ID literature to PWID must consider their unique medical, psychological, and social challenges. Identification and treatment of the underlying substance use disorder are key underpinnings to any successful ID intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Serota
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 Northwest 14 Street, Suite 851, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Teresa A Chueng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 Northwest 14 Street, Suite 851, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Jackson Health System, Miami, FL, USA. https://twitter.com/teresachueng
| | - Marcos C Schechter
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 49 Jesse Hill Jr Dr SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. https://twitter.com/limbsandlungs
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Abstract
This article is part of a series, Supporting Family Caregivers: No Longer Home Alone, published in collaboration with the AARP Public Policy Institute. Results of focus groups, conducted as part of the AARP Public Policy Institute's No Longer Home Alone video project, supported evidence that family caregivers aren't given the information they need to manage the complex care regimens of family members. This series of articles and accompanying videos aims to help nurses provide caregivers with the tools they need to manage their family member's health care at home. Nurses should read the articles first, so they understand how best to help family caregivers. Then they can refer caregivers to the informational tear sheet-Information for Family Caregivers-and instructional videos, encouraging them to ask questions. For additional information, see Resources for Nurses.
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Evaluation of OPAT in the Age of Antimicrobial Stewardship. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40506-020-00217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Mansour O, Arbaje AI, Townsend JL. Patient Experiences With Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Therapy: Results of a Patient Survey Comparing Skilled Nursing Facilities and Home Infusion. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz471. [PMID: 32128322 PMCID: PMC7047954 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This work compares overall patient satisfaction with outpatient parenteral antibiotic therarpy (OPAT) care across the skilled nursing facility (SNF) and home healthcare company (HHC) settings; identifies barriers to patient satisfaction in OPAT; and develops a model for OPAT patient satisfaction that can help programs improve the patient experience across both sites of care. Method We developed and administered a patient experience survey to 100 patients returning to a single clinic for follow up. The survey consisted of 15 items (Likert scale, multiple choice, and free text responses). Patient characteristics and responses to the survey for patients who received care at home and at SNFs were analyzed and compared. Results Of the 100 patients surveyed, 98 completed the survey. Overall, HHC patients were satisfied more with their care than patients in SNFs, with a greater proportion stating they would recommend the site to others (71.7% for HHC and 32.7% for SNFs, P < .01). Patients in SNFs had a larger number of complaints about lapses in medical care, infection prevention, and the physical environment than HHC patients. Conclusions Patient satisfaction in OPAT is higher for home infusion than SNFs. In order to improve the patient experience, OPAT programs need to engage stakeholders in HHCs and SNFs to improve communication and care delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Mansour
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.,Center for Drug Safety and Effectiveness, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alicia I Arbaje
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality, Center for Health Care Human Factors, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer L Townsend
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
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Hamad Y, Lane MA, Beekmann SE, Polgreen PM, Keller SC. Perspectives of United States-based Infectious Diseases Physicians on Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy Practice. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:5552085. [PMID: 31429872 PMCID: PMC6765349 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is generally considered safe, patients are at risk for complications and thus require close monitoring. The purpose of this study is to determine how OPAT programs are structured and how United States-based infectious diseases (ID) physicians perceive barriers to safe OPAT care. METHODS We queried members of the Emerging Infections Network (EIN) between November and December 2018 about practice patterns and barriers to providing OPAT. RESULTS 672 members of the EIN (50%) responded to the survey. Seventy-five percent of respondents were actively involved in OPAT, although only 37% of respondents reported ID consultation was mandatory for OPAT. The most common location for OPAT care was at home with home-health support, followed by post-acute-care facilities. Outpatient and inpatient ID physicians were identified as being responsible for monitoring laboratory results (73% and 54% of respondents, respectively), but only 36% had a formal OPAT program. The majority of respondents reported a lack of support in data analysis (80%), information technology (66%), financial assistance (65%), and administrative assistance (60%). Perceived amount of support did not differ significantly across employment models. Inability to access laboratory results in a timely manner, lack of leadership awareness of OPAT value, and failure to communicate with other providers administering OPAT were reported as the most challenging aspects of OPAT care. CONCLUSION ID providers are highly involved in OPAT, but only a third of respondents have a dedicated OPAT program. Lack of financial and institutional support are perceived as significant barriers to providing safe OPAT care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Hamad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael A Lane
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Center for Clinical Excellence, BJC HealthCare, St. Louis, MO
| | - Susan E Beekmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Philip M Polgreen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Sara C Keller
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Armstrong Institute of Patient Safety and Quality, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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