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Poplin V, Smith C, Caceres DH, Herkert PF, Jegede O, Thompson GR, Baddley JW, Schwartz IS, Kubat R, Deka MA, Toda M, Lockhart SR, Chiller T, Hagen F, Bahr NC. Geographical distribution of the Cryptococcus gattii species complex: a systematic review. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2024:100921. [PMID: 39191262 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(24)00161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
The taxonomy of the Cryptococcus gattii species complex continues to evolve, and has been divided into five pathogenic species. The objective of this systematic review was to summarise the geographical distribution of the C gattii species complex and the species within the C gattii species complex. We searched PubMed for articles related to human, animal, ecological, or laboratory-based studies of C gattii species complex isolates with traceable geographical origin published from January, 1970, until September, 2021. Having extracted their geographical origin, we used ArcMap to construct maps according to the highest degree of resolution allowed by their reported taxonomy, to reflect the most likely area of transmission on the basis of published reports of human isolates. 604 such articles were included in the study. This review indicated that although C gattii species complex isolates have been reported globally, understanding their heterogeneous geographical distribution by species can have implications for researchers and clinicians in formulating research questions and considering diagnostic quandaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Poplin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| | - Clarissa Smith
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, USA; Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Diego H Caceres
- Immuno-Mycologics (IMMY), Norman, OK, USA; Center of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/CWZ, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Studies in Translational Microbiology and Emerging Diseases (MICROS) Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Patricia F Herkert
- Faculty of Medicine, Centro Universitário de Pato Branco, UNIDEP, Pato Branco, Brazil
| | - Olujimi Jegede
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - George R Thompson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - John W Baddley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ilan S Schwartz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ryan Kubat
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Mark A Deka
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mitsuru Toda
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shawn R Lockhart
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tom Chiller
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ferry Hagen
- Department of Medical Mycology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nathan C Bahr
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Nielsen MC, Peterson JM, Shine B, Hornak JP, Esechie A, Bhatt S, Desai K, Dabi A, Felicella MM, Ren P. A Fatal Fungal Infection of Cryptococcus gattii (VGI) Meningitis in Texas. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac236. [PMID: 35854998 PMCID: PMC9277648 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Cryptococcus gattii is an under-recognized cause of meningitis, especially in non-endemic regions. This report details C. gattii disease progression from admission to autopsy in an otherwise healthy 40-year-old male in Texas. It brings awareness to an often unsuspected organism that can cause severe infection requiring early recognition and treatment in immunocompetent individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa C. Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Joshua M. Peterson
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Billie Shine
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - J. Patrik Hornak
- Department of Internal Medicine-Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Aimalohi Esechie
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Sandeep Bhatt
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Kinjal Desai
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Alok Dabi
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Ping Ren
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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Kably B, Launay M, Derobertmasure A, Lefeuvre S, Dannaoui E, Billaud EM. Antifungal Drugs TDM: Trends and Update. Ther Drug Monit 2022; 44:166-197. [PMID: 34923544 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The increasing burden of invasive fungal infections results in growing challenges to antifungal (AF) therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). This review aims to provide an overview of recent advances in AF TDM. METHODS We conducted a PubMed search for articles during 2016-2020 using "TDM" or "pharmacokinetics" or "drug-drug-interaction" with "antifungal," consolidated for each AF. Selection was limited to English language articles with human data on drug exposure. RESULTS More than 1000 articles matched the search terms. We selected 566 publications. The latest findings tend to confirm previous observations in real-life clinical settings. The pharmacokinetic variability related to special populations is not specific but must be considered. AF benefit-to-risk ratio, drug-drug interaction (DDI) profiles, and minimal inhibitory concentrations for pathogens must be known to manage at-risk situations and patients. Itraconazole has replaced ketoconazole in healthy volunteers DDI studies. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling is widely used to assess metabolic azole DDI. AF prophylactic use was studied more for Aspergillus spp. and Mucorales in oncohematology and solid organ transplantation than for Candida (already studied). Emergence of central nervous system infection and severe infections in immunocompetent individuals both merit special attention. TDM is more challenging for azoles than amphotericin B and echinocandins. Fewer TDM requirements exist for fluconazole and isavuconazole (ISZ); however, ISZ is frequently used in clinical situations in which TDM is recommended. Voriconazole remains the most challenging of the AF, with toxicity limiting high-dose treatments. Moreover, alternative treatments (posaconazole tablets, ISZ) are now available. CONCLUSIONS TDM seems to be crucial for curative and/or long-term maintenance treatment in highly variable patients. TDM poses fewer cost issues than the drugs themselves or subsequent treatment issues. The integration of clinical pharmacology into multidisciplinary management is now increasingly seen as a part of patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kably
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP Centre
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Manon Launay
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie-Gaz du sang, Hôpital Nord-CHU Saint Etienne, Saint-Etienne
| | - Audrey Derobertmasure
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP Centre
| | - Sandrine Lefeuvre
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie et Pharmacocinétique, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers; and
| | - Eric Dannaoui
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Eliane M Billaud
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP Centre
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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Chang CC, Hall V, Cooper C, Grigoriadis G, Beardsley J, Sorrell TC, Heath CH. Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of cryptococcosis and rare yeast infections in the haematology/oncology setting, 2021. Intern Med J 2021; 51 Suppl 7:118-142. [PMID: 34937137 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cryptococcosis caused by the Cryptococcus neoformans-Cryptococcus gattii complex is an important opportunistic infection in people with immunodeficiency, including in the haematology/oncology setting. This may manifest clinically as cryptococcal meningitis or pulmonary cryptococcosis, or be detected incidentally by cryptococcal antigenemia, a positive sputum culture or radiological imaging. Non-Candida, non-Cryptococcus spp. rare yeast fungaemia are increasingly common in this population. These consensus guidelines aim to provide clinicians working in the Australian and New Zealand haematology/oncology setting with clear guiding principles and practical recommendations for the management of cryptococcosis, while also highlighting important and emerging rare yeast infections and their recommended management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina C Chang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Therapeutic and Vaccine Research Programme, Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
| | - Victoria Hall
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Transplant Infectious Diseases and Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Celia Cooper
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - George Grigoriadis
- Monash Haematology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Haematology, Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Justin Beardsley
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases & Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tania C Sorrell
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases & Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Infectious Diseases and Sexual Health, Western Sydney Local Health District, Parramatta, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher H Heath
- Department of Microbiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital Network, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
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Gur I, Petersiel N, Karban A, Zuckerman T, Oren I, Stern A. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in a patient with neuro pulmonary nocardiosis following hematopoietic cells transplantation (HCT). J Infect Chemother 2021; 28:311-314. [PMID: 34801397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2021.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is increasingly reported in various HIV negative patients with immunosuppression, but the relationship with hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is not well defined. We report a case of IRIS in a patient infected with pulmonary and CNS Nocardiosis following HCT due to primary myelofibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Gur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Neta Petersiel
- Infectious Disease Institute, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Amir Karban
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tzila Zuckerman
- Hematology Department and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ilana Oren
- Infectious Disease Institute, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Anat Stern
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel; Infectious Disease Institute, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel.
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Isavuconazole-Animal Data and Clinical Data. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040209. [PMID: 33036295 PMCID: PMC7712195 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of invasive fungal infections has deeply evolved in the last years with the inclusion of new antifungals, mainly new azoles (i.e., posaconazole, isavuconazole), to the therapeutic armamentarium. This review focuses on the role of isavuconazole for treating the most important invasive fungal infections both in animals and humans (hematological and non-hematological patients).
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Antifungals/immunosuppressants. REACTIONS WEEKLY 2020. [PMCID: PMC7303430 DOI: 10.1007/s40278-020-79815-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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