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Rossi SS, Iaccarino G, Bonura A, Calandrelli R, Spinelli F, Montelione N, Paraskevas KI, Di Lazzaro V, Stilo F, Pilato F. Exploring vertebral artery stump syndrome: An overlooked cause of posterior ischemic strokes. A narrative review of current management options. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107819. [PMID: 38878845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stump syndrome is defined as a clinical syndrome resulting from a distal intracranial vessel embolic stroke due to an extracranial vessel occlusion. Similar to the anterior circulation, the recurrence of ischemic strokes in territories supplied by the posterior circulation in the presence of vertebral artery occlusion is termed Vertebral Artery Stump Syndrome (VASS). MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a literature review, identifying 72 patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) or ischemic strokes attributed to VASS, according to Kawano criteria. We categorized all patients in two groups focusing on the therapeutic management those who underwent primary medical treatment and those who received endovascular or surgical treatment either in acute or chronic phase. RESULTS In the anticoagulant therapy group, only 1 patient had a stroke recurrence. Among the 4 on antiplatelets, all had recurrences, but 3 benefited from switching to anticoagulants or endovascular therapy. In the endovascular therapy group, worse outcomes were linked to acute large vessel occlusion. Endovascular treatment of the vertebral artery, in a chronic phase, was explored in literature for recurrent TIAs or minor strokes suggesting that this could be a viable therapeutic alternative when medical treatment failed in preventing recurrence of ischemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS Some studies suggest that anticoagulant medical therapy may be beneficial for VASS and endovascular therapy has also been reported for selected patients. However, data on treatment outcomes and prognosis are still underreported, making treatment decisions challenging. Randomized Controlled Trials are needed to establish the optimal treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Soeren Rossi
- Research Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 - 00128 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200 - 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Iaccarino
- Research Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 - 00128 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200 - 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Adriano Bonura
- Research Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 - 00128 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200 - 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Calandrelli
- Radiology and Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Imaging, Radiation Therapy and Hematology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Spinelli
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200 - 00128 Rome, Italy; Vascular Surgery Division, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 - 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Nunzio Montelione
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200 - 00128 Rome, Italy; Vascular Surgery Division, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 - 00128, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Di Lazzaro
- Research Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 - 00128 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200 - 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Stilo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200 - 00128 Rome, Italy; Vascular Surgery Division, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 - 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Pilato
- Research Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 - 00128 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200 - 00128 Rome, Italy.
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Zhang Y, Zhang F, Turhon M, Huang J, Li M, Peng Q, Zheng Z, Liu J, Zhang Y, Liu J, Zhang H, Li T, Song D, Zhao Y, Aisha M, Wang Y, Feng W, Wang Y, Wan J, Mao G, Shi H, Guan S. Treatment of Intracranial Vertebral Artery Dissecting Aneurysms Using Pipeline Embolization Devices : A Multicenter Cohort Study. Clin Neuroradiol 2023; 33:1105-1114. [PMID: 37380901 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-023-01318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intracranial vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm (IVADA) is a rare type of aneurysm with high morbidity and mortality. Recently, the application of pipeline embolization devices (PEDs) has been extended to IVADAs. Here, we aim to investigate the safety and effectiveness of PEDs for IVADAs. METHOD We retrospectively reviewed the PLUS database to identify patients who had IVADAs and were treated with PEDs from 2014 to 2019 at 14 centers across China. Data including patient and aneurysm characteristics, procedure details, angiographic and clinical results, relationship with the ipsilateral posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), and patency of the PICA following PED coverage were analyzed. RESULTS In this study 52 consecutive patients with 52 IVADAs were included. The mean age was 52.33 years and 82.7% were male. With a median follow-up of 10.5 months, the complete occlusion rate was 93.8% (45/48) and no recurrence or in-stent stenosis was detected. The total postoperative complication rate and mortality were 11.5% and 1.9%, respectively. Complications occurred in 9.6% (5/52) of patients within 30 days after the operation, including ischemic stroke in 3 and hemorrhagic stroke in 2. Another patient suffered an ischemic stroke at follow-up, 78.8% (41/52) PICAs were covered by PEDs, 1 case (2.4%) had a functional disability due to PICA occlusion, while 39.0% (16/41) had reduced flow during follow-up but hardly caused any obvious neurological deficits. Patients with IVADA involving PICA had a trend towards more complications (66.7% vs. 51.1%; P = 1). CONCLUSION Treating IVADAs with PEDs may be a safe and effective option, with favorable clinical and angiographic outcomes; however, complications associated with this treatment should not be ignored. REGISTRATION http://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov . Unique identifier: NCT03831672.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Fujunhui Zhang
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mirzat Turhon
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiliang Huang
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxing Li
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qichen Peng
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxu Zheng
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yisen Zhang
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongqi Zhang
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianxiao Li
- Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Donglei Song
- Shanghai Donglei Brain Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanli Zhao
- Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Maimaitili Aisha
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yunyan Wang
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenfeng Feng
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jieqing Wan
- Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohua Mao
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huaizhang Shi
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Sheng Guan
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Nguyen VN, Parikh KA, Barats M, Motiwala M, Heiferman DM, Miller LE, Arthur AS, Hoit DA, Khan NR. Acute Placement of Telescoping Open Cell Stents and Thrombectomy for Progressive Symptomatic Vertebrobasilar Dissection: 2-Dimensional Operative Video. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2023; 24:e104-e105. [PMID: 36227182 DOI: 10.1227/ons.0000000000000459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent N Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kara A Parikh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michael Barats
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mustafa Motiwala
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel M Heiferman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Semmes Murphey Neurologic & Spine Institute, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - L Erin Miller
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Adam S Arthur
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Semmes Murphey Neurologic & Spine Institute, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel A Hoit
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Semmes Murphey Neurologic & Spine Institute, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nickalus R Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Semmes Murphey Neurologic & Spine Institute, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Mooney N, White LM, Chandran A, Bonello M. Vertebral artery dissection managed by interventional radiology. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e245914. [PMID: 35228219 PMCID: PMC8886384 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-245914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A 21-year-old patient presented with sudden-onset headache, visual disturbance and left hand incoordination. She was diagnosed with a left vertebral artery dissection of the V3 segment resulting in multiple cerebellar and cerebral infarcts. There were no risk factors for dissection other than recent COVID-19 infection. She was treated initially with antiplatelets, followed by anticoagulation, but experienced recurrent ischaemia. Although guidance suggests endovascular repair may be beneficial for patients with cerebral artery dissection (CAD) who experience recurrent strokes on medical therapy, evidence is limited. After multidisciplinary team consideration of the individual patient anatomy and risks and benefits of different endovascular techniques, the patient was treated with endovascular coiling. At 10 months follow-up, she had no further strokes and improving neurological symptoms. The case highlighted COVID-19 as a potential trigger for CAD and the use of endovascular coiling in preventing catastrophic cerebral ischaemia in CAD refractive to medical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Mooney
- Department of Medicine, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Laura M White
- Department of Medicine, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Arun Chandran
- Department of Neuroradiology, Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael Bonello
- Department of Medicine, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Neurology, Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool, UK
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Chung J, Cheol Lim Y, Sam Shin Y. Endovascular Treatment of Intracranial Vertebral Artery Dissection. JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOVASCULAR THERAPY 2021; 15:265-280. [PMID: 37501904 PMCID: PMC10370974 DOI: 10.5797/jnet.ra.2020-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Intracranial vertebral artery dissection (VAD) is the most common arterial dissection in intracranial arteries. Some types of VAD can heal spontaneously after reconstitution of the vessel lumen with excellent prognosis, whereas others can progress to stroke that needs treatment. Recently, endovascular treatment (EVT) has emerged and is suggested as a treatment option for VADs due to perceived low rates of procedure-related morbidity with good efficacy. In the last decade, we have accumulated our strategies to treat those VADs. Here, we try to share our experiences about VADs, including indications and methods of treatment of VADs using EVT. We perform EVT for ruptured VADs presenting with SAH and some of unruptured VADs such as VAD with recurrent or progressive ischemia, dissecting aneurysm larger than 7 mm or with mass effect, early ugly change of VADs in shape and size during follow-up period, involving the basilar artery (BA) and bilateral VADs. We present how we have done in our real practice for the last decade for treating VADs by EVT rather than reviewing and organizing so-far-published literature. We tended to occlude the rupture point by vertebral artery (VA) occlusion in non-dominant VA or stent-assisted coiling in dominant VA for ruptured VADs. We tended to reconstruct original hemodynamics using various stents for unruptured VADs. To decide what to treat and how to treat are very complicated for VADs. However, we believe that EVT is the current mainstay for treating VADs. Each technique of EVT should be determined on a case-by-case basis at the discretion of endovascular neurosurgeons and/or interventional neuroradiologists according to presenting symptoms, hemodynamic status, including sufficiency of the collateral supply and anatomic features of the vertebrobasilar artery as well as the posterior inferior cerebellar artery, anterior spinal artery, and medullary perforators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonho Chung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Cheol Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ajou University College of Medicine and Hospital, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yong Sam Shin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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