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Awuah WA, Ahluwalia A, Darko K, Sanker V, Tan JK, Tenkorang PO, Ben-Jaafar A, Ranganathan S, Aderinto N, Mehta A, Shah MH, Lee Boon Chun K, Abdul-Rahman T, Atallah O. Bridging Minds and Machines: The Recent Advances of Brain-Computer Interfaces in Neurological and Neurosurgical Applications. World Neurosurg 2024; 189:138-153. [PMID: 38789029 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.05.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), a remarkable technological advancement in neurology and neurosurgery, mark a significant leap since the inception of electroencephalography in 1924. These interfaces effectively convert central nervous system signals into commands for external devices, offering revolutionary benefits to patients with severe communication and motor impairments due to a myriad of neurological conditions like stroke, spinal cord injuries, and neurodegenerative disorders. BCIs enable these individuals to communicate and interact with their environment, using their brain signals to operate interfaces for communication and environmental control. This technology is especially crucial for those completely locked in, providing a communication lifeline where other methods fall short. The advantages of BCIs are profound, offering autonomy and an improved quality of life for patients with severe disabilities. They allow for direct interaction with various devices and prostheses, bypassing damaged or nonfunctional neural pathways. However, challenges persist, including the complexity of accurately interpreting brain signals, the need for individual calibration, and ensuring reliable, long-term use. Additionally, ethical considerations arise regarding autonomy, consent, and the potential for dependence on technology. Despite these challenges, BCIs represent a transformative development in neurotechnology, promising enhanced patient outcomes and a deeper understanding of brain-machine interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arjun Ahluwalia
- School of Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Kwadwo Darko
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Vivek Sanker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Trivandrum Medical College, India
| | - Joecelyn Kirani Tan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Adam Ben-Jaafar
- University College Dublin, School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sruthi Ranganathan
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Aderinto
- Internal Medicine Department, LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Aashna Mehta
- University of Debrecen-Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Oday Atallah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Yasuda R, Kimura N, Miura Y, Mizutani H, Yago T, Miyazaki T, Ichikawa T, Toma N, Suzuki H. Three-dimensional Images Fusion Method Useful for Preoperative Simulation of Clipping Surgery for Cerebral Aneurysms. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2024; 64:175-183. [PMID: 38569917 PMCID: PMC11153840 DOI: 10.2176/jns-nmc.2023-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to introduce a three-dimensional (3D) images fusion method for preoperative simulation of aneurysm clipping. Consecutive unruptured aneurysm cases treated with surgical clipping from March 2021 to October 2023 were included. In all cases, preoperative images of plain computed tomography (CT), CT angiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 3D fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, 3D heavily T2-weighted images, and 3D rotational angiography were acquired and transported into a commercial software (Ziostation2 Plus, Ziosoft, Inc. Tokyo, Japan). The software provided 3D images of skull, arteries including aneurysms, veins, and brain tissue that were freely rotated, magnified, trimmed, and superimposed. Using the 3D images fusion method, two operators predicted clips to be used in the following surgery. The predicted clips and actually used ones were compared to give agreement scores for the following factors: (1) type of clips (simple or fenestrated), (2) shape of clips (straight, curved, angled, or bayonet), and (3) clipping strategy (single or multiple). The agreement score ranged from 0 to 3 because a score of 1 or 0 was given for agreement or disagreement on each factor. Interoperator reproducibility was also evaluated. During the study period, 44 aneurysms from 37 patients were clipped. All procedures were successfully completed, thanks to the precisely reproduced surgical corridors with the 3D images fusion method. Agreement in clip prediction was good with mean agreement score of 2.4. Interobserver reproducibility was also high with the kappa value of 0.79. The 3D images fusion method was useful for preoperative simulation of aneurysm clipping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Yasuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Naoto Kimura
- Department of Radiology, Mie University Hospital
| | - Yoichi Miura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hisashi Mizutani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tetsushi Yago
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takahiro Miyazaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tomonori Ichikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Naoki Toma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hidenori Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine
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Deng Z, Xiang N, Pan J. State of the Art in Immersive Interactive Technologies for Surgery Simulation: A Review and Prospective. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1346. [PMID: 38135937 PMCID: PMC10740891 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10121346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Immersive technologies have thrived on a strong foundation of software and hardware, injecting vitality into medical training. This surge has witnessed numerous endeavors incorporating immersive technologies into surgery simulation for surgical skills training, with a growing number of researchers delving into this domain. Relevant experiences and patterns need to be summarized urgently to enable researchers to establish a comprehensive understanding of this field, thus promoting its continuous growth. This study provides a forward-looking perspective by reviewing the latest development of immersive interactive technologies for surgery simulation. The investigation commences from a technological standpoint, delving into the core aspects of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR) technologies, namely, haptic rendering and tracking. Subsequently, we summarize recent work based on the categorization of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and open surgery simulations. Finally, the study showcases the impressive performance and expansive potential of immersive technologies in surgical simulation while also discussing the current limitations. We find that the design of interaction and the choice of immersive technology in virtual surgery development should be closely related to the corresponding interactive operations in the real surgical speciality. This alignment facilitates targeted technological adaptations in the direction of greater applicability and fidelity of simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Deng
- Department of Computing, School of Advanced Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool Uiversity, Suzhou 215123, China;
| | - Nan Xiang
- Department of Computing, School of Advanced Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool Uiversity, Suzhou 215123, China;
| | - Junjun Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China;
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Colombo E, Lutters B, Kos T, van Doormaal T. Application of virtual and mixed reality for 3D visualization in intracranial aneurysm surgery planning: a systematic review. Front Surg 2023; 10:1227510. [PMID: 37829601 PMCID: PMC10564996 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1227510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Precise preoperative anatomical visualization and understanding of an intracranial aneurysm (IA) are fundamental for surgical planning and increased intraoperative confidence. Application of virtual reality (VR) and mixed reality (MR), thus three-dimensional (3D) visualization of IAs could be significant in surgical planning. Authors provide an up-to-date overview of VR and MR applied to IA surgery, with specific focus on tailoring of the surgical treatment. Methods A systematic analysis of the literature was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Pubmed, and Embase were searched to identify studies reporting use of MR and VR 3D visualization in IA surgery during the last 25 years. Type and number of IAs, category of input scan, visualization techniques (screen, glasses or head set), inclusion of haptic feedback, tested population (residents, fellows, attending neurosurgeons), and aim of the study (surgical planning/rehearsal, neurosurgical training, methodological validation) were noted. Results Twenty-eight studies were included. Eighteen studies (64.3%) applied VR, and 10 (35.7%) used MR. A positive impact on surgical planning was documented by 19 studies (67.9%): 17 studies (60.7%) chose the tailoring of the surgical approach as primary outcome of the analysis. A more precise anatomical visualization and understanding with VR and MR was endorsed by all included studies (100%). Conclusion Application of VR and MR to perioperative 3D visualization of IAs allowed an improved understanding of the patient-specific anatomy and surgical preparation. This review describes a tendency to utilize mostly VR-platforms, with the primary goals of a more accurate anatomical understanding, surgical planning and rehearsal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Colombo
- Department of Neurosurgery and Klinisches Neurozentrum Zurich ZH, Universität Zürich; Universitätsspital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bart Lutters
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Humanities, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tessa Kos
- Image Science Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tristan van Doormaal
- Department of Neurosurgery and Klinisches Neurozentrum Zurich ZH, Universität Zürich; Universitätsspital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Spiriev T, Nakov V, Cornelius JF. Photorealistic 3-Dimensional Models of the Anatomy and Neurosurgical Approaches to the V2, V3, and V4 Segments of the Vertebral Artery. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2023; Publish Ahead of Print:01787389-990000000-00731. [PMID: 37235851 DOI: 10.1227/ons.0000000000000701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vertebral artery (VA) has a tortuous course subdivided into 4 segments (V1-V4). For neurosurgeons, a thorough knowledge of the 3-dimensional (3D) anatomy at different segments is a prerequisite for safe surgery. New technologies allowing creation of photorealistic 3D models may enhance the anatomic understanding of this complex region. OBJECTIVE To create photorealistic 3D models illustrating the anatomy and surgical steps needed for safe neurosurgical exposure of the VA. METHODS We dissected 2 latex injected cadaver heads. Anatomic layered dissections were performed on the first specimen. On the second specimen, the two classical approaches to the VA (far lateral and anterolateral) were realized. Every step of dissection was scanned using photogrammetry technology that allowed processing of 3D data from 2-dimensional photographs by a simplified algorithm mainly based on a dedicated mobile phone application and open-source 3D modeling software. For selected microscopic 3D anatomy, we used an operating microscope to generate 3D models. RESULTS Classic anatomic (n=17) and microsurgical (n=12) 3D photorealistic models based on cadaver dissections were created. The models allow observation of the spatial relations of each anatomic structure of interest and have an immersive view of the approaches to the V2-V4 segments of the VA. Once generated, these models may easily be shared on any digital device or web-based platforms for 3D visualization. CONCLUSIONS Photorealistic 3D scanning technology is a promising tool to present complex anatomy in a more comprehensive way. These 3D models can be used for education, training, and potentially preoperative planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toma Spiriev
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem CityClinic University Hospital Tokuda, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vladimir Nakov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem CityClinic University Hospital Tokuda, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jan F Cornelius
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Watanabe N, Watanabe K, Fujimura S, Karagiozov KL, Mori R, Ishii T, Murayama Y, Akasaki Y. Real Stiffness and Vividness Reproduction of Anatomic Structures Into the 3D Printed Models Contributes to Improved Simulation and Training in Skull Base Surgery. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2023; 24:548-555. [PMID: 36786751 DOI: 10.1227/ons.0000000000000583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the advancement of 3-dimensional (3D) printing technology with medical application, its neurosurgical utility value has been limited to understanding the anatomy of bones, lesions, and their surroundings in the neurosurgical field. OBJECTIVE To develop a 3D printed model simulating the surgical technique applied in skull base surgery (SBS), especially to reproduce visually the surgical field together with the mechanical properties of tissues as perceived by the surgeon through procedures performance on a model. METHODS The Young modulus representing the degree of stiffness was measured for the tissues of anesthetized animals and printing materials. The stiffness and vividness of models were adjusted appropriately for each structure. Empty spaces were produced inside the models of brains, venous sinuses, and tumors. The 3D printed models were created in 7 cases of SBS planned patients and were used for surgical simulation. RESULTS The Young modulus of pig's brain ranged from 5.56 to 11.01 kPa and goat's brain from 4.51 to 13.69 kPa, and the dura of pig and goat values were 14.00 and 24.62 kPa, respectively. Although the softest printing material had about 20 times of Young modulus compared with animal brain, the hollow structure of brain model gave a soft sensation resembling the real organ and was helpful for bridging the gap between Young moduli values. A dura/tentorium-containing model was practical to simulate the real maneuverability at surgery. CONCLUSION The stiffness/vividness modulated 3D printed model provides an advanced realistic environment for training and simulation of a wide range of SBS procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Watanabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Nishishinbashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Watanabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Nishishinbashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichiro Fujimura
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Niijuku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Innovation for Medical Information Technology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Nishishinbashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kostadin L Karagiozov
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Nishishinbashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Mori
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Nishishinbashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Ishii
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Nishishinbashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Murayama
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Nishishinbashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Akasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Nishishinbashi, Tokyo, Japan
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Nakase K, Takeshima Y, Konishi K, Matsuda R, Tamura K, Yamada S, Nishimura F, Nakagawa I, Park YS, Nakase H. Usefulness of the Multimodal Fusion Image for Visualization of Deep Sylvian Veins. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2022; 62:475-482. [PMID: 36130906 DOI: 10.2176/jns-nmc.2022-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The preoperative assessment of cerebral veins is important to avoid unexpected cerebral venous infarction in the neurosurgical setting. However, information is particularly limited regarding deep Sylvian veins, which occasionally disturb surgical procedures for cerebral anterior circulation aneurysms. The predictability of detecting deep Sylvian veins and their tributaries using a modern multimodal fusion image was aimed to be evaluated. Moreover, 51 patients who underwent microsurgery for unruptured cerebral aneurysms with Sylvian fissure dissection were retrospectively reviewed. The visualization of the four components of the deep Sylvian veins in conventional computed tomography (CT) venography and multimodal fusion images was evaluated. To compare the detection accuracy among these radiological images, the sensitivity and specificity for the detection of each of the four venous structures were calculated in comparison with those of intraoperative inspections. The kappa coefficients were also measured and the inter-rater agreement for each venous structure in each radiological image was examined. In all veins, the multimodal fusion image exhibited a high detection rate without statistical difference from intraoperative inspections (P = 1.0). However, CT venography exhibited a low detection rate with a significant difference from intraoperative inspections in the common vertical trunk (P = 0.006) and attached vein (P = 0.008). The kappa coefficients of the fusion image ranged from 0.73 to 0.91 and were superior to those of CT venography for all venous structures. This is the first report to indicate the usefulness of a multimodal fusion image in evaluating deep Sylvian veins, especially for the detection of nontypical, relatively small veins with large individual variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Nakase
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University School of Medicine
| | | | - Kengo Konishi
- Department of Central Radiation, Nara Medical University Hospital
| | - Ryosuke Matsuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Kentaro Tamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Shuichi Yamada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University School of Medicine
| | | | - Ichiro Nakagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Young-Soo Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Hiroyuki Nakase
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University School of Medicine
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Kockro RA, Schwandt E, Ringel F, Eisenring CV, Nowinski WL. Operative Anatomy of the Skull Base: 3D Exploration with a Highly Detailed Interactive Atlas. Skull Base Surg 2022; 83:e298-e305. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1729975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective We evaluated the usefulness of a three-dimensional (3D) interactive atlas to illustrate and teach surgical skull base anatomy in a clinical setting.
Study Design A highly detailed atlas of the adult human skull base was created from multiple high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans of a healthy Caucasian male. It includes the parcellated and labeled bony skull base, intra- and extracranial vasculature, cranial nerves, cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem. We are reporting retrospectively on our experiences with employing the atlas for the simulation and teaching of neurosurgical approaches and concepts in a clinical setting.
Setting The study was conducted at the University Hospital Mainz, Germany, and Hirslanden Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.
Participants Medical students and neurosurgical residents participated in this study.
Results Handling the layered graphical user interface of the atlas requires some training; however, navigating the detailed 3D content from intraoperative perspectives led to quick comprehension of anatomical relationships that are otherwise difficult to perceive. Students and residents appreciated the collaborative learning effect when working with the atlas on large projected screens and markedly improved their anatomical knowledge after interacting with the software.
Conclusion The skull base atlas provides an effective way to study essential surgical anatomy and to teach operative strategies in this complex region. Interactive 3D computer graphical environments are highly suitable for conveying complex anatomy and to train and review surgical concepts. They remain underutilized in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf A. Kockro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hirslanden Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eike Schwandt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Florian Ringel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Wieslaw Lucjan Nowinski
- John Paul II Center for Virtual Anatomy and Surgical Simulation, University of Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski, Warsaw, Poland
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Allgaier M, Amini A, Neyazi B, Sandalcioglu IE, Preim B, Saalfeld S. VR-based training of craniotomy for intracranial aneurysm surgery. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2021; 17:449-456. [PMID: 34931299 PMCID: PMC8873137 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-021-02538-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intracranial aneurysms can be treated micro-surgically. This procedure involves an appropriate head position of the patient and a proper craniotomy. These steps enable a proper access, facilitating the subsequent steps. To train the access planning process, we propose a VR-based training system. METHOD We designed and implemented an immersive VR access simulation, where the user is surrounded by a virtual operating room, including medical equipment and virtual staff. The patient's head can be positioned via hand rotation and an arbitrary craniotomy contour can be drawn. The chosen access can be evaluated by exposing the aneurysm using a microscopic view. RESULTS The evaluation of the simulation took place in three stages: testing the simulation using the think-aloud method, conducting a survey and examining the precision of drawing the contour. Although there are differences between the virtual interactions and their counterparts in reality, the participants liked the immersion and felt present in the operating room. The calculated surface dice similarity coefficient, Hausdorff distance and feedback of the participants show that the difficulty of drawing the craniotomy is appropriate. CONCLUSION The presented training simulation for head positioning and access planning benefits from the immersive environment. Thus, it is an appropriate training for novice neurosurgeons and medical students with the goal to improve anatomical understanding and to become aware of the importance of the right craniotomy hole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareen Allgaier
- Faculty of Computer Science, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Amir Amini
- University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Belal Neyazi
- University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Bernhard Preim
- Faculty of Computer Science, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sylvia Saalfeld
- Faculty of Computer Science, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
- Forschungscampus STIMULATE, Magdeburg, Germany
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Gillham HE, Lucke-Wold B, Dogan A, Cetas J, Cameron WE, Ciporen JN. Development of a Cadaveric Multiport Model of Posterior Circulation Aneurysm Clipping for Neurosurgery and Otolaryngology Residents. J Vis Exp 2021:10.3791/56809. [PMID: 34542529 PMCID: PMC8457515 DOI: 10.3791/56809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Posterior circulation aneurysms are difficult to treat with the current methods of coiling and clipping. To address limitations in training, we developed a cadaveric model to train learners on endoscopic clipping of posterior circulation aneurysms. An endoscopic transclival approach (ETA) and a transorbital precaruncular approach (TOPA) to successfully access and clip aneurysms of the posterior circulation are described. The model has flexibility in that a colored silicone compound can be injected into the cadaveric vessels for the purpose of training learners on vascular anatomy. The other option is that the model could be connected to a vascular perfusion pump allowing real-time appreciation of a pulsatile or ruptured aneurysm. This cadaveric model is the first of its kind for training of endoscopic clipping of posterior circulation aneurysms. Learners will develop proficiency in endoscopic skills, appropriate dissection, and appreciation for relative anatomy while developing an algorithm that can be employed in a real operative arena. Going forward, various clinical scenarios can be developed to enhance the realism, allow learners from different specialties to work together, and emphasize the importance of teamwork and effective communication.
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Perin A, Gambatesa E, Galbiati TF, Fanizzi C, Carone G, Rui CB, Ayadi R, Saladino A, Mattei L, Legninda Sop FY, Caggiano C, Prada FU, Acerbi F, Ferroli P, Meling TR, DiMeco F. The "STARS-CASCADE" Study: Virtual Reality Simulation as a New Training Approach in Vascular Neurosurgery. World Neurosurg 2021; 154:e130-e146. [PMID: 34284158 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.06.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Surgical clipping has become a relatively rare procedure in comparison to endovascular exclusion of cerebral aneurysms. Consequently, there is a declining number of cases where young neurosurgeons can practice clipping. For this reason, we investigated the application of a new 3-dimensional (3D) simulation and rehearsal device, Surgical Theater, in vascular neurosurgery. METHODS We analyzed data of 20 patients who underwent surgical aneurysm clipping. In 10 cases, Surgical Theater was used to perform the preoperative 3D planning (CASCADE group), while traditional imaging was used in the other cases (control group). Preoperative 3D simulation was performed by 4 expert and 3 junior neurosurgeons (1 fellow, 2 residents). During postoperative debriefings, expert surgeons explained the different aspects of the operation to their younger colleagues in an interactive way using the simulator. Questionnaires were given to the surgeons to get qualitative feedback about the simulator, and the junior surgeons' performance at simulator was also analyzed. RESULTS There were no differences in surgery outcomes, complications, and surgical duration (P > 0.05) between the 2 groups. Senior neurosurgeons performed similarly when operating at the simulator as compared with in the operating room, while junior neurosurgeons improved their performance at the simulator after the debriefing session (P < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Surgical Theater proved to be realistic in replicating vascular neurosurgery scenarios for rehearsal and simulation purposes. Moreover, it was shown to be useful for didactic purposes, allowing young neurosurgeons to take full advantage and learn from senior colleagues to become familiar with this demanding neurosurgical subspecialty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Perin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Besta", Milan, Italy; Besta NeuroSim Center, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Besta", Milan, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Enrico Gambatesa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Besta", Milan, Italy; Besta NeuroSim Center, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Francesco Galbiati
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Besta", Milan, Italy; Besta NeuroSim Center, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Fanizzi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Besta", Milan, Italy; Besta NeuroSim Center, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Carone
- Besta NeuroSim Center, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Benedetta Rui
- Besta NeuroSim Center, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Ayadi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Besta", Milan, Italy; Besta NeuroSim Center, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Saladino
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Mattei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Francois Yves Legninda Sop
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Caggiano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Ugo Prada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Besta", Milan, Italy; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health Science Center, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Francesco Acerbi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Ferroli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Torstein Ragnar Meling
- Besta NeuroSim Center, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Besta", Milan, Italy; EANS Training Committee, Sint Martens Latem, Belgium; Neurosurgery Department, Hopitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francesco DiMeco
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Besta", Milan, Italy; Besta NeuroSim Center, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Besta", Milan, Italy; EANS Training Committee, Sint Martens Latem, Belgium; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurological Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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12
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Li J, Wu Y, Zhuo J, Wang Z. Modeling and simulation of cochlear perimodiolar electrode based on composite spring-mass model. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2021; 25:290-297. [PMID: 34263671 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2021.1950145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper proposes, a method for the physical modeling of the perimodiolar electrode, particularly for the process of recovering its preset shape with the guide wire drawn out, based on the composite spring-mass model by employing the virtual-volumetric spring inspired from the traditional spring-mass model. Simulation experiments of modeling and virtual insertion of perimodiolar electrode were carried out. The results indicated that the mean and standard deviation of the difference between the local deformation angles of the simulated and measured sets of mass points, (1, 2, 3), (2, 3, 4), …, (13, 14, 15), were 6.34° and 5.98°, respectively. Additionally, the physical model of the perimodiolar electrode can reflect the overall morphological changes of the real perimodiolar electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianye Zhuo
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- College of Artificial Intelligence and Innovation, Ma'anshan University, Ma'anshan, China
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13
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Arora RK, Mittal RS, Rekhapalli R, Sadhasivam S, Bhragava P, Deopujari CE, Barua MP, Singla M, Singh B, Arora P. Simulation Training for Neurosurgical Residents: Need versus Reality in Indian Scenario. Asian J Neurosurg 2021; 16:230-235. [PMID: 34211902 PMCID: PMC8202368 DOI: 10.4103/ajns.ajns_463_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Kumar Arora
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Radhey Shyam Mittal
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rajasekar Rekhapalli
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Saravanan Sadhasivam
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pranshu Bhragava
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Mrinal Parkash Barua
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mukesh Singla
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Brijendra Singh
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Poonam Arora
- Department of trauma and emergency, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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14
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Allgaier M, Neyazi B, Preim B, Saalfeld S. Distance and force visualisations for improved simulation of intracranial aneurysm clipping. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2021; 16:1297-1304. [PMID: 34053014 PMCID: PMC8295166 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-021-02413-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The treatment of cerebral aneurysms shifted from microsurgical to endovascular therapy. But for some difficult aneurysm configurations, e.g. wide neck aneurysms, microsurgical clipping is better suited. From this combination of limited interventions and the complexity of these cases, the need for improved training possibilities for young neurosurgeons arises. Method We designed and implemented a clipping simulation that requires only a monoscopic display, mouse and keyboard. After a virtual craniotomy, the user can apply a clip at the aneurysm which is deformed based on a mass–spring model. Additionally, concepts for visualising distances as well as force were implemented. The distance visualisations aim to enhance spatial relations, improving the navigation of the clip. The force visualisations display the force acting on the vessel surface by the applied clip. The developed concepts include colour maps and visualisations based on rays, single objects and glyphs. Results The concepts were quantitatively evaluated via an online survey and qualitatively evaluated by a neurosurgeon. Regarding force visualisations, a colour map is the most appropriate concept. The necessity of distance visualisations became apparent, as the expert was unable to estimate distances and to properly navigate the clip. The distance rays were the only concept supporting the navigation appropriately. Conclusion The easily accessible surgical training simulation for aneurysm clipping benefits from a visualisation of distances and simulated forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareen Allgaier
- Faculty of Computer Science, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Belal Neyazi
- University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Preim
- Faculty of Computer Science, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sylvia Saalfeld
- Faculty of Computer Science, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.,Forschungscampus STIMULATE, Magdeburg, Germany
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15
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Hendricks BK, Hartman J, Seifert M, Cohen-Gadol AA. Introduction of a New Interactive Paradigm to Define the Next Generation of Visualization in Neurosurgical Anatomy. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2019; 15:365-367. [PMID: 30239871 DOI: 10.1093/ons/opy167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin K Hendricks
- The Neurosurgical Atlas, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | | | - Mark Seifert
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Aaron A Cohen-Gadol
- The Neurosurgical Atlas, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine and Indiana University Department of Neurological Surgery, Indianapolis, Indiana
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16
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Hendricks BK, Patel AJ, Hartman J, Seifert MF, Cohen-Gadol A. Operative Anatomy of the Human Skull: A Virtual Reality Expedition. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2019; 15:368-377. [PMID: 30239872 DOI: 10.1093/ons/opy166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The human cranial vault possesses an incredible, complex anatomical intricacy. Bridging the divide between 2-dimensional (2D) learning resources and the 3-dimensional (3D) world in which the anatomy becomes clinically relevant poses an intellectual challenge. Advances in computer graphics and modelling technologies have allowed increasingly accurate and representative resources to supplement cadaveric dissection specimens. OBJECTIVE To create accurate virtual models of all cranial bones to augment education, research, and clinical endeavours. METHODS Through a careful analysis of osteological specimens and high-resolution radiographic studies, a highly accurate virtual model of the human skull was created and annotated with relevant anatomical landmarks. RESULTS The skull was divided into 6 major segments including frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, temporal, parietal, and occipital bones. These bones were thoroughly annotated to demonstrate the intricate anatomical features. CONCLUSION This virtual model has the potential to serve as a valuable resource for educational, research, and clinical endeavours, and demonstrates the significance of advances in computer modelling that can contribute to our understanding of neurosurgical anatomical substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin K Hendricks
- The Neurosurgical Atlas, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Akash J Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Mark F Seifert
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Aaron Cohen-Gadol
- The Neurosurgical Atlas, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine and Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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17
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Javid P, Aydın A, Mohanna P, Dasgupta P, Ahmed K. Current status of simulation and training models in microsurgery: A systematic review. Microsurgery 2019; 39:655-668. [DOI: 10.1002/micr.30513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pernia Javid
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Guy's HospitalKing's College London London UK
| | - Abdullatif Aydın
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Guy's HospitalKing's College London London UK
| | - Pari‐Naz Mohanna
- Department of Plastic SurgeryGuy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust London UK
| | - Prokar Dasgupta
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Guy's HospitalKing's College London London UK
| | - Kamran Ahmed
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Guy's HospitalKing's College London London UK
- Department of UrologyKing's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust London UK
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18
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Sullivan S, Aguilar-Salinas P, Santos R, Beier AD, Hanel RA. Three-dimensional printing and neuroendovascular simulation for the treatment of a pediatric intracranial aneurysm: case report. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2018; 22:672-677. [PMID: 30215588 DOI: 10.3171/2018.6.peds17696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The use of simulators has been described in a variety of fields as a training tool to gain technical skills through repeating and rehearsing procedures in a safe environment. In cerebrovascular surgery, simulation of skull base approaches has been used for decades. The use of simulation in neurointervention to acquire and enhance skills before treating a patient is a newer concept, but its utilization has been limited due to the lack of good models and deficient haptics. The advent of 3D printing technology and the development of new training models has changed this landscape. The prevalence of aneurysms in the pediatric population is much lower than in adults, and concepts and tools sometimes have to be adapted from one population to another. Neuroendovascular rehearsal is a valid strategy for the treatment of complex aneurysms, especially for the pediatric population. The authors present the case of an 8-year-old boy with a fusiform intracranial aneurysm and documented progressive growth, who was successfully treated after the authors rehearsed the placement of a flow diverter using a patient-specific 3D-printed replicator system model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Sullivan
- 1Lyerly Neurosurgery, Baptist Neurological Institute; and
| | | | - Roberta Santos
- 1Lyerly Neurosurgery, Baptist Neurological Institute; and
| | - Alexandra D Beier
- 2Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University of Florida Health Science Center, Jacksonville, Florida
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Hu MB, Zhang JW, Gao JB, Qi YW, Gao Y, Xu L, Ma Y, Wei ZZ. Atorvastatin induces autophagy in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Ultrastruct Pathol 2018; 42:409-415. [PMID: 30300062 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2018.1522406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This article explores the effects of atorvastatin on cultured breast cancer cells. Our experiment demonstrated that atorvastatin triggered autophagy and inhibited proliferation in breast cancer cells. A CCK8 assay indicated that atorvastatin can inhibit the activity of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Western blotting results showed that atorvastatin increased the conversion of light chain 3 (LC3)-I to LC3-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugate (LC3-II). Confocal microscopy was used to reveal the appearance of a punctate structure in the cytoplasm, and electron microscopy was used to reveal the formation of double-membrane autophagosome. In conclusion, our study showed that atorvastatin may affect MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells by inducing autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Bai Hu
- a Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center , Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Jing-Wei Zhang
- a Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center , Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Jing-Bo Gao
- a Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center , Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Yu-Wen Qi
- a Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center , Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Yang Gao
- a Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center , Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Liu Xu
- b Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Yanbing Ma
- b Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Zheng-Zhuan Wei
- a Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center , Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
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