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Romeo MA, Gilardini Montani MS, Arena A, Benedetti R, D’Orazi G, Cirone M. c-Myc Sustains Pancreatic Cancer Cell Survival and mutp53 Stability through the Mevalonate Pathway. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102489. [PMID: 36289751 PMCID: PMC9599358 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that wild-type (wt)p53 inhibits oncogene c-Myc while mutant (mut)p53 may transactivate it, with an opposite behavior that frequently occurs in the crosstalk of wt or mutp53 with molecules/pathways promoting carcinogenesis. Even if it has been reported that mutp53 sustains c-Myc, whether c-Myc could in turn influence mutp53 expression remains to be investigated. In this study, we found that pharmacological or genetic inhibition of c-Myc downregulated mutp53, impaired cell survival and increased DNA damage in pancreatic cancer cells. At the molecular level, we observed that c-Myc inhibition reduced the expression of mevalonate kinase (MVK), a molecule belonging to the mevalonate pathway that—according to previous findings—can control mutp53 stability, and thus contributes to cancer cell survival. In conclusion, this study unveils another criminal alliance between oncogenes, such as c-Myc and mutp53, that plays a key role in oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Anele Romeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Arena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Benedetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella D’Orazi
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. D’Annunzio, Via dei Vestini 33, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Talebi A, Rokni P, Kerachian MA. Transcriptome analysis of colorectal cancer liver metastasis: The importance of long non-coding RNAs and fusion transcripts in the disease pathogenesis. Mol Cell Probes 2022; 63:101816. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2022.101816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Grbčić P, Fučkar Čupić D, Gamberi T, Kraljević Pavelić S, Sedić M. Proteomic Profiling of BRAFV600E Mutant Colon Cancer Cells Reveals the Involvement of Nucleophosmin/c-Myc Axis in Modulating the Response and Resistance to BRAF Inhibition by Vemurafenib. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126174. [PMID: 34201061 PMCID: PMC8228139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAFV600E mutations are found in approximately 10% of colorectal cancer patients and are associated with worse prognosis and poor outcomes with systemic therapies. The aim of this study was to identify novel druggable features of BRAFV600E-mutated colon cancer (CC) cells associated with the response and resistance to BRAFV600E inhibitor vemurafenib. Towards this aim, we carried out global proteomic profiling of BRAFV600E mutant vs. KRAS mutant/BRAF wild-type and double wild-type KRAS/BRAF CC cells followed by bioinformatics analyses. Validation of selected proteomic features was performed by immunohistochemistry and in silico using the TCGA database. We reveal an increased abundance and activity of nucleophosmin (NPM1) in BRAFV600E-mutated CC in vitro, in silico and in tumor tissues from colon adenocarcinoma patients and demonstrate the roles of NPM1 and its interaction partner c-Myc in conveying the resistance to vemurafenib. Pharmacological inhibition of NPM1 effectively restored the sensitivity of vemurafenib-resistant BRAF-mutated CC cells by down-regulating c-Myc expression and activity and consequently suppressing its transcriptional targets RanBP1 and phosphoserine phosphatase that regulate centrosome duplication and serine biosynthesis, respectively. Altogether, findings from this study suggest that the NPM1/c-Myc axis could represent a promising therapeutic target to thwart resistance to vemurafenib in BRAF-mutated CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Grbčić
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Dora Fučkar Čupić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Ul. Braće Branchetta 20/1, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Tania Gamberi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche Mario Serio, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | | | - Mirela Sedić
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-51-584-574
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Lin Z, Yang H, Tan C, Li J, Liu Z, Quan Q, Kong S, Ye J, Gao B, Fang D. USP10 antagonizes c-Myc transcriptional activation through SIRT6 stabilization to suppress tumor formation. Cell Rep 2013; 5:1639-49. [PMID: 24332849 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduced protein expression of SIRT6 tumor suppressor is involved in tumorigenesis. The molecular mechanisms underlying SIRT6 protein downregulation in human cancers remain unknown. Using a proteomic approach, we have identified the ubiquitin-specific peptidase USP10, another tumor suppressor, as one of the SIRT6-interacting proteins. USP10 suppresses SIRT6 ubiquitination to protect SIRT6 from proteasomal degradation. USP10 antagonizes the transcriptional activity of the c-Myc oncogene through SIRT6, as well as p53, to inhibit cell-cycle progression, cancer cell growth, and tumor formation. To support this conclusion, we detected significant reductions in both USP10 and SIRT6 protein expression in human colon cancers. Our study discovered crosstalk between two tumor-suppressive genes in regulating cell-cycle progression and proliferation and showed that dysregulated USP10 function promotes tumorigenesis through SIRT6 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghong Lin
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Heeyoung Yang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Can Tan
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jinping Li
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Zhaojian Liu
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Qiu Quan
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sinyi Kong
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Junsheng Ye
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Beixue Gao
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Aguda BD, Kim Y, Kim HS, Friedman A, Fine HA. Qualitative network modeling of the Myc-p53 control system of cell proliferation and differentiation. Biophys J 2011; 101:2082-91. [PMID: 22067145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A kinetic model of a molecular control system for the cellular decision to proliferate or differentiate is formulated and analyzed for the purpose of understanding how the system can break down in cancer cells. The proposed core of this control system is composed of the transcription factors Myc and p53. The network of interactions between these factors involves negative and positive feedback loops that are linked to pathways involved in differentiation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Understanding the dynamics of the Myc-p53 control system is aided by the postulate that there exists a cancer zone defined as a range of oncogenic Myc activities where the probability of initiating cancer is high. We propose that an essential role of p53 is to prevent the system from entering or staying too long in the cancer zone by downregulating Myc or, when Myc activity somehow becomes too high, by inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, or differentiation. Kinetic modeling illustrates how deletions or aberrations in PTEN, MDM2, and ARF (genes implicated in various cancers, including glioma) affect the Myc-p53 control system. In addition, computer simulations demonstrate how this control system generates different cellular phenotypes characterized by rates of cellular differentiation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baltazar D Aguda
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Yohannes E, Chang J, Christ GJ, Davies KP, Chance MR. Proteomics analysis identifies molecular targets related to diabetes mellitus-associated bladder dysfunction. Mol Cell Proteomics 2008; 7:1270-85. [PMID: 18337374 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m700563-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein expression profiles in rat bladder smooth muscle were compared between animal models of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (STZ-DM) and age-matched controls at 1 week and 2 months after induction of hyperglycemia with STZ treatment. At each time point, protein samples from four STZ-DM and four age-matched control rat bladder tissues were prepared independently and analyzed together across multiple DIGE gels using a pooled internal standard sample to quantify expression changes with statistical confidence. A total of 100 spots were determined to be significantly changing among the four experimental groups. A subsequent mass spectrometry analysis of the 100 spots identified a total of 56 unique proteins. Of the proteins identified by two-dimensional DIGE/MS, 10 exhibited significant changes 1 week after STZ-induced hyperglycemia, whereas the rest showed differential expression after 2 months. A network analysis of these proteins using MetaCore suggested induction of transcriptional factors that are too low to be detected by two-dimensional DIGE and identified an enriched cluster of down-regulated proteins that are involved in cell adhesion, cell shape control, and motility, including vinculin, intermediate filaments, Ppp2r1a, and extracellular matrix proteins. The proteins that were up-regulated include proteins involved in muscle contraction (e.g. Mrlcb and Ly-GDI), in glycolysis (e.g. alpha-enolase and Taldo1), in mRNA processing (e.g. heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1), in inflammatory response (e.g. S100A9, Annexin 1, and apoA-I), and in chromosome segregation and migration (e.g. Tuba1 and Vil2). Our results suggest that the development of diabetes-related complications in this model involves the down-regulation of structural and extracellular matrix proteins in smooth muscle that are essential for normal muscle contraction and relaxation but also induces proteins that are associated with cell proliferation and inflammation that may account for some of the functional deficits known to occur in diabetic complications of bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Yohannes
- Case Center for Proteomics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Whyte DA, Broton CE, Shillitoe EJ. The unexplained survival of cells in oral cancer: what is the role of p53? J Oral Pathol Med 2002; 31:125-33. [PMID: 11903817 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0714.2002._310301.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In normal oral epithelium the cells divide, mature, differentiate, and die. This sequence is not normally followed in oral cancer. Instead, the death of the cells is somehow prevented, although the pathways toward cell death in normal oral epithelium and the defects in oral cancer are not well defined. However, several components in the system have been identified, and information on their interactions is becoming available. This review summarizes the evidence for cell death being due to apoptosis and the central role of the p53 gene product in its regulation. Areas for future research are also identified.
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Popescu RA, Lohri A, de Kant E, Thiede C, Reuter J, Herrmann R, Rochlitz CF. bcl-2 expression is reciprocal to p53 and c-myc expression in metastatic human colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer 1998; 34:1268-73. [PMID: 9849490 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(98)00057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis (programmed cell death) inhibition may be an important mechanism by which gastrointestinal mucosal cells containing damaged DNA evade normal clearance mechanisms and grow to become invasive tumours. Since bcl-2 is an apoptosis inhibitor, bcl-2 mRNA expression was measured in 21 metastases of colorectal cancer using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. The mean bcl-2 mRNA expression (0.45 U, P < 0.0001) was lower than that of normal mucosal controls (= 1 U). p53 expression was inversely correlated with bcl-2 expression (P = 0.021) in 19 evaluable samples, and in tumours where p53 expression was over twice that of normal colonic mucosal values, bcl-2 mRNA was significantly decreased (mean 0.30, P = 0.0052). c-myc was also inversely correlated with bcl-2 expression (P = 0.025). Decreased bcl-2 expression in metastatic colorectal cancer may be partly due to allelic loss, given the proximity of bcl-2 to the frequently deleted DCC gene on chromosome 18q. However, the inverse correlation to p53/c-myc suggests an active downregulation of bcl-2, possibly following delegation of its apoptosis inhibiting role to other genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Popescu
- Division of Oncology, Kantonsspital Basle, Switzerland
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Heide I, Thiede C, Sonntag T, de Kant E, Neubauer A, Jonas S, Peter FJ, Neuhaus P, Herrmann R, Huhn D, Rochlitz CF. The status of p53 in the metastatic progression of colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer 1997; 33:1314-22. [PMID: 9301461 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(97)00118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the role of TP53 in tumour progression and metastasis, we analysed 33 liver metastases of colorectal carcinomas and 19 primary colon carcinomas from the same hospital with respect to mutational changes, loss of heterozygosity and expression of the TP53 tumour suppressor gene. Direct sequencing of PCR products corresponding to the coding region of TP53 revealed that 13 of 19 primary tumours (68%) and 23 of 33 liver metastases (70%) had mutations in the TP53 gene. The distribution of mutations along the coding region of TP53 was similar in liver metastases compared to primary tumours. Thus, codon specificity did not seem to be a relevant factor and cells carrying specific TP53 mutations seem to have no selective advantage in the metastasising process. Comparing our data with the mutational spectra found in other countries did not reveal differences in the distribution of mutations along the coding region. Most of the metastases analysed showed loss of heterozygosity (LOH, 9 of 12 cases, 75%) and strong nuclear staining in immunohistochemistry (10 of 17 cases, 59%). Furthermore, with respect to mRNA expression levels, tumours carrying TP53 mutations showed significantly higher p53 mRNA levels compared to those without TP53 mutations. Thus, regulation of p53 mRNA levels seems to be subject to selection processes in tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Heide
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin m. S. Hämatalogie und Onkologie, Klinikum Rudolf Virchow, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Germany
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de Kant E, Heide I, Thiede C, Herrmann R, Rochlitz CF. MDR1 expression correlates with mutant p53 expression in colorectal cancer metastases. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1996; 122:671-5. [PMID: 8898977 DOI: 10.1007/bf01209030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the multidrug resistance MDR1 gene is thought to contribute to drug resistance in non-responsive cancers like colorectal carcinoma. Little is known about the mechanisms by which expression of MDR1 is regulated in human tumours. However, there is growing evidence that regulation primarily takes place at the transcriptional level and that the process of tumour progression is related to activation of the MDR1 gene. Mutations in the p53 tumour-suppression gene occur in approximately 70% of colorectal cancers. As a transcriptional regulator, p53 might be involved in regulation of MDR1 expression in these tumours. We therefore determined MDR1 expression using the differential polymerase chain reaction technique in 30 colorectal tumours (4 primaries and 26 metastates) and correlated our results with previously reported data on p53 in the same group of patients. We found a significant positive correlation between p53 and MDR1 expression in p53-mutated tumours (P = 0.005; r = 0.596), but not in tumours without a p53 mutation. In addition, we observed a tendency towards higher MDR1 expression levels in tumours carrying p53 mutations (P = 0.14) compound to wild-type p53 tumours. These data indicate that mutant p53 may play a role in the regulation of MDR1 expression in human cholorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- E de Kant
- Academic Hospital Utrecht, Dept. Internal Medicine-G02228, The Netherlands
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