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Cui XH, Wei YC, Li XG, Qi XQ, Wu LF, Zhang WJ. N-terminus GTPase domain of the cytoskeleton protein FtsZ plays a critical role in its adaptation to high hydrostatic pressure. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1441398. [PMID: 39220037 PMCID: PMC11362102 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1441398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies in model microorganisms showed that cell division is highly vulnerable to high hydrostatic pressure (HHP). Disassembly of FtsZ filaments induced by HHP results in the failure of cell division and formation of filamentous cells in E. coli. The specific characteristics of FtsZ that allow for functional cell division in the deep-sea environments, especially in obligate piezophiles that grow exclusively under HHP condition, remain enigmatic. In this study, by using a self-developed HHP in-situ fixation apparatus, we investigated the effect of HHP on FtsZ by examining the subcellular localization of GFP-tagged FtsZ in vivo and the stability of FtsZ filament in vitro. We compared the pressure tolerance of FtsZ proteins from pressure-sensitive strain Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 (FtsZSo) and obligately piezophilic strain Shewanella benthica DB21MT-2 (FtsZSb). Our findings showed that, unlike FtsZSo, HHP hardly affected the Z-ring formation of FtsZSb, and filaments composed of FtsZSb were more stable after incubation under 50 MPa. By constructing chimeric and single amino acid mutated FtsZ proteins, we identified five residues in the N-terminal GTPase domain of FtsZSb whose mutation would impair the Z-ring formation under HHP conditions. Overall, these results demonstrate that FtsZ from the obligately piezophilic strain exhibits superior pressure tolerance than its homologue from shallow water species, both in vivo and in vitro. Differences in pressure tolerance of FtsZ are largely attributed to the N-terminal GTPase domain. This represents the first in-depth study of the adaptation of microbial cytoskeleton protein FtsZ to high hydrostatic pressure, which may provide insights into understanding the complex bioprocess of cell division under extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Hua Cui
- Laboratory of Deep-Sea Microbial Cell Biology, Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Chen Wei
- Laboratory of Deep-Sea Microbial Cell Biology, Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Xue-Gong Li
- Laboratory of Deep-Sea Microbial Cell Biology, Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
- Institution of Deep-Sea Life Sciences, IDSSE-BGI, Sanya, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Qi
- Laboratory of Deep-Sea Microbial Cell Biology, Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
- Institution of Deep-Sea Life Sciences, IDSSE-BGI, Sanya, China
| | - Long-Fei Wu
- Laboratory of Deep-Sea Microbial Cell Biology, Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
- Institution of Deep-Sea Life Sciences, IDSSE-BGI, Sanya, China
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LCB, Marseille, France
| | - Wei-Jia Zhang
- Laboratory of Deep-Sea Microbial Cell Biology, Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
- Institution of Deep-Sea Life Sciences, IDSSE-BGI, Sanya, China
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Roy S, Anand D, Vijay S, Gupta P, Ajitkumar P. The ftsZ Gene of Mycobacterium smegmatis is expressed Through Multiple Transcripts. Open Microbiol J 2011; 5:43-53. [PMID: 21772930 PMCID: PMC3139271 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801105010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The principal essential bacterial cell division gene ftsZ is differentially expressed through multiple transcripts in diverse genera of bacteria in order to meet cell division requirements in compliance with the physiological niche of the organism under different environmental conditions. We initiated transcriptional analyses of ftsZ gene of the fast growing saprophytic mycobacterium, Mycobacterium smegmatis, as the first step towards understanding the requirements for FtsZ for cell division under different growth phases and stress conditions. Primer extension analyses identified four transcripts, T1, T2, T3, and T4. Transcriptional fusion studies using gfp showed that the respective putative promoter regions, P1, P2, P3, and P4, possessed promoter activity. T1, T2, and T3 were found to originate from the intergenic region between ftsZ and the upstream gene, ftsQ. T4 was initiated from the 3' portion of the open reading frame of ftsQ. RT-PCR analyses indicated co-transcription of ftsQ and ftsZ. The four transcripts were present in the cells at all growth phases and at different levels in the cells exposed to a variety of stress conditions in vitro. T2 and T3 were absent under hypoxia and nutrient-depleted stationary phase conditions, while the levels of T1 and T4 remained unaffected. These studies showed that ftsZ gene expression through multiple transcripts and differential expression of the transcripts at different growth phases and under stress conditions are conserved in M. smegmatis, like in other Actinomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sougata Roy
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
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Li S, Xiao X, Li J, Luo J, Wang F. Identification of genes regulated by changing salinity in the deep-sea bacterium Shewanella sp. WP3 using RNA arbitrarily primed PCR. Extremophiles 2005; 10:97-104. [PMID: 16133656 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-005-0476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2005] [Accepted: 07/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The differential gene transcription of a deep-sea bacterium Shewanella sp. WP3 in response to changing salinity was analyzed by RNA fingerprinting using arbitrarily primed PCR (RAP-PCR). Ninety primer sets were used to scan two different RNA pools derived from cultures of 1% and 7% NaCl concentrations. Forty-three putative differential-expressed fragments were identified, cloned, and sequenced. Six out of the 43 fragments were confirmed to be truly differentially transcribed in terms of changing salinity. The deduced amino acid sequences of the six gene fragments showed highest identities (66-96%) with ribosomal protein L24, ATP binding protein, and chaperon protein HscA of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 (Y6, Y9, and Y29); isocitrate lyase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Y15); peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerase of Shewanella sp. SIB1 (Y21), glutamine synthetase of Shewanella violacea (Y25), respectively. Four genes (Y6, Y15, Y21, and Y25) were up regulated in 7% NaCl, while the other two (Y9 and Y29) contained more abundant transcripts in 1% NaCl. The data suggested that strategies involved in controlling protein synthesis, protein folding and/or trafficking, glutamate concentration, fatty acid metabolism, and substance transporting were used for salt adaptation in Shewanella sp. WP3. The expression patterns of the six genes in response to transient stress shocks including salt shock (3% NaCl shift to 12%), cold shock (15 degrees C shift to 0 degrees C), and high-hydrostatic pressure shock (0.1 MPa shift to 50 MPa) were further examined. Y29 encoding the putative HscA chaperon protein was indicated to be involved in adaptation of all the stresses tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengkang Li
- College of Life Science, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Roy S, Ajitkumar P. Transcriptional analysis of the principal cell division gene, ftsZ, of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Bacteriol 2005; 187:2540-50. [PMID: 15774900 PMCID: PMC1065227 DOI: 10.1128/jb.187.7.2540-2550.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple promoters drive the expression of the principal cell division gene, ftsZ, in bacterial systems. Primer extension analysis of total RNA from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and a Mycobacterium smegmatis transformant containing 1.117 kb of the upstream region of M. tuberculosis ftsZ and promoter fusion studies identified six ftsZ transcripts and their promoters in the ftsQ open reading frame and ftsQ-ftsZ intergenic region. The presence of multiple promoters reflects the requirement to maintain a high basal level of, or to differentially regulate, FtsZ expression during different growth conditions of the pathogen in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sougata Roy
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
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Tamegai H, Kawano H, Ishii A, Chikuma S, Nakasone K, Kato C. Pressure-regulated biosynthesis of cytochrome bd in piezo- and psychrophilic deep-sea bacterium Shewanella violacea DSS12. Extremophiles 2005; 9:247-53. [PMID: 15844013 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-005-0439-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2004] [Accepted: 02/04/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The genes of cytochrome bd-encoding cydAB were identified from a deep-sea bacterium Shewanella violacea DSS12. These showed significant homologies with known cydAB gene sequences from various organisms. Additionally, highly conserved regions that are important for the enzymatic function were also conserved in cydA of S. violacea. Based on the results, transcriptional analysis of cydAB operon and cydDC operon (required for assembly of cytochrome bd) of S. violacea in microaerobic condition was performed under the growth condition of various pressures. The gene of cydA was expressed even under the condition of atmospheric pressure and its expression was enhanced with pressurization. On the other hand, the expression of cydC was strongly depressed under the condition of atmospheric pressure compared with the case under high pressure. It appeared spectrophotometrically that loss of cytochrome bd in S. violacea under atmospheric pressure shown in previous study is caused mainly by the loss of cydDC. Further, under the growth condition of atmospheric pressure, either less amount or no d-type cytochrome was expressed compared with the case of high-pressure condition even if the organism was grown under alkaline condition or in the presence of uncoupler, which are the inducible condition of d-type cytochrome in Escherichia coli. These results suggested that the significant amount of d-type cytochrome expression is specific event under the growth condition of high pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Tamegai
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, 3-25-40 Sakurajosui, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan.
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Ohmae E, Kubota K, Nakasone K, Kato C, Gekko K. Pressure-dependent Activity of Dihydrofolate Reductase from a Deep-sea BacteriumShewanella violaceaStrain DSS12. CHEM LETT 2004. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2004.798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Ishii A, Sato T, Wachi M, Nagai K, Kato C. Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on bacterial cytoskeleton FtsZ polymers in vivo and in vitro. Microbiology (Reading) 2004; 150:1965-1972. [PMID: 15184582 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.26962-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Some rod-shaped bacteria, including Escherichia coli, exhibit cell filamentation without septum formation under high-hydrostatic-pressure conditions, indicating that the cell-division process is affected by hydrostatic pressure. The effects of elevated pressure on FtsZ-ring formation in E. coli cells were examined using indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. Elevated pressure of 40 MPa completely inhibited colony formation of E. coli cells under the cultivation conditions used, and the cells exhibited obviously filamentous shapes. In the elongated cells, normal cell-division processes appeared to be inhibited, because no FtsZ rings were observed by indirect immunofluorescent staining. In addition, it was observed that hydrostatic pressure dissociated the E. coli FtsZ polymers in vitro. These results suggest that high hydrostatic pressure directly affects cell survival and morphology through the dissociation of the cytoskeletal frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ishii
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
- Department of Biological Information, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Takako Sato
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Masaaki Wachi
- Department of Bioengineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nagai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Chiaki Kato
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
- Department of Biological Information, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
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Molina-Höppner A, Sato T, Kato C, Gänzle MG, Vogel RF. Effects of pressure on cell morphology and cell division of lactic acid bacteria. Extremophiles 2003; 7:511-6. [PMID: 14505064 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-003-0349-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2003] [Accepted: 07/31/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of pressure and temperature on the growth of the mesophilic lactic acid bacteria Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis was studied. Both strains were piezosensitive. Lb. sanfranciscensis failed to grow at 50 MPa and the growth rate of Lc. lactis at 50 MPa was less than 30% of that at atmospheric pressure. An increase of growth temperature did not improve the piezotolerance of either organism. During growth under high-pressure conditions, the cell morphology was changed, and the cells were elongated as cell division was inhibited. At atmospheric pressure, temperatures above the optimal temperature for growth caused a similar effect on cell morphology and cell division in both bacteria as that observed under high-pressure conditions. The segregation and condensation of chromosomal DNA were observed by DAPI staining and occurred normally at high-pressure conditions independent of changes in cell morphology. Immunofluorescence microscopy of Lc. lactis cells demonstrated an inhibitory effect of high pressure on the formation of the FtsZ ring and this inhibition of the FtsZ ring formation is suggested to contribute to the altered cell morphology and growth inhibition induced by high pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Molina-Höppner
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Steig 16, 85350 Freising, Germany
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