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Pinto F, Mielewczik M, Liebisch F, Walter A, Greven H, Rascher U. Non-invasive measurement of frog skin reflectivity in high spatial resolution using a dual hyperspectral approach. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73234. [PMID: 24058464 PMCID: PMC3776832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most spectral data for the amphibian integument are limited to the visible spectrum of light and have been collected using point measurements with low spatial resolution. In the present study a dual camera setup consisting of two push broom hyperspectral imaging systems was employed, which produces reflectance images between 400 and 2500 nm with high spectral and spatial resolution and a high dynamic range. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We briefly introduce the system and document the high efficiency of this technique analyzing exemplarily the spectral reflectivity of the integument of three arboreal anuran species (Litoria caerulea, Agalychnis callidryas and Hyla arborea), all of which appear green to the human eye. The imaging setup generates a high number of spectral bands within seconds and allows non-invasive characterization of spectral characteristics with relatively high working distance. Despite the comparatively uniform coloration, spectral reflectivity between 700 and 1100 nm differed markedly among the species. In contrast to H. arborea, L. caerulea and A. callidryas showed reflection in this range. For all three species, reflectivity above 1100 nm is primarily defined by water absorption. Furthermore, the high resolution allowed examining even small structures such as fingers and toes, which in A. callidryas showed an increased reflectivity in the near infrared part of the spectrum. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Hyperspectral imaging was found to be a very useful alternative technique combining the spectral resolution of spectrometric measurements with a higher spatial resolution. In addition, we used Digital Infrared/Red-Edge Photography as new simple method to roughly determine the near infrared reflectivity of frog specimens in field, where hyperspectral imaging is typically difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Pinto
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael Mielewczik
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Liebisch
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Achim Walter
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hartmut Greven
- Institut für Zellbiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Uwe Rascher
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
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Bossi AM, Sharma PS, Montana L, Zoccatelli G, Laub O, Levi R. Fingerprint-Imprinted Polymer: Rational Selection of Peptide Epitope Templates for the Determination of Proteins by Molecularly Imprinted Polymers. Anal Chem 2012; 84:4036-41. [DOI: 10.1021/ac203422r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra M. Bossi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona,
Italy
| | - Piyush S. Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona,
Italy
| | - Luca Montana
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona,
Italy
| | - Gianni Zoccatelli
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona,
Italy
| | - Orgad Laub
- Infigo Diagnostics Limited, Ha Gavish 4A, Netanya 42101, Israel
| | - Raphael Levi
- Infigo Diagnostics Limited, Ha Gavish 4A, Netanya 42101, Israel
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Vieira HF, Vieira ML, Meirelles NC, Focesi Júnior A. Some functional and structural properties of Bufus paracnemis and Pipa pipae hemoglobins. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. A, COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 1982; 73:197-200. [PMID: 6128108 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(82)90055-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
1. Hemoglobin from terrestrial and an aquatic amphibia Bufo paracnemis and Pipa pipae respectively both living in the same region (Belém, Pará) were compared. 2. The number of hemolysate components were determined by starch-gel electrophoresis and CMC-chromatography. P. pipae hemoglobin presented 4 components and B. paracnemis 2, all of anodic mobility. 3. Functional properties of the hemoglobins (oxygen affinity. Bohr effect, carbon monoxide equilibrium) were determined and compared. 4. The differences found in the functional properties were correlated with the different habitat: aquatic or terrestrial for the amphibia. 5. The study of the oxygen functional properties of the hemoglobin showed in the stripped proteins of P. pipae in the presence of ATP, an oxygen affinity (P50 = 7.24 mmHg) that of B. paracnemis at the same pH (P50 = 15.84 mmHg). At high pH the P50 values are different being 15.84 mmHg for the terrestrial frog and 5 mmHg for P. pipae haemoglobin both at pH 8. In addition Bohr effect was noted only in P. pipae hemolysate in the presence of ATP. 6. The CO-equilibrium affinity constant in the presence of ATP are similar in both frogs, of about, log C50 = -6.9. The ratio Pco/Po2 for B. paracnemis hemoglobin was about 300 whereas for that of P. pipae was about 100 only. 7. The kinetic study of reactive sulfhydryl groups in both frog hemoglobin with 4-PDS (specific SH group reagent was used and shown high pseudo-first order constant for B. paracnemis hemoglobin) (k' = 0.46/min) either in presence or not of ATP, compared for that of P. pipae where values were K' = 0.003/min in the stripped protein and k' = 0.014/min in the presence of ATP. 8. Denaturation kinetic studies of the hemoglobin with sodium benzoate was performed and the results were compared with that of Rana catesbeiana, i.e. the pseudo-first order of the hemoglobin denaturation reaction are low for the aquatic P. pipae adult although for the B. paracnemis high molecular resistant was also noted. For P. pipae hemoglobin, nevertheless with ATP such resistance becomes higher. This does not occur with B. paracnemis hemoglobins.
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Meirelles NC, Vieira MLC, Airoldi LP, Focesi A. Some larval properties of Pipa carvalhoi adult hemoglobins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(79)90017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Okazaki T, Misawa J, Shukuya R. The effects of organic phosphates on the oxygen equilibria of two distinct hemoglobins of the eel, Anguilla japonica. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1974; 56:1031-7. [PMID: 4545251 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(74)80292-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Bruns GA, Ingram VM. The erythroid cells and haemoglobins of the chick embryo. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1973; 266:225-305. [PMID: 4147843 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.1973.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The changes in the types of erythroid cells produced during embryogenesis of the chick have been correlated with the changes in the types of haemoglobins found in the embryo. Primitive erythroid cells constitute the only red blood cells of 2- to 5-day embryos. The first recognizable immature definitive erythroid cells appear in the embryonic circulation at 5 to 6 days and progressively replace the primitive cells, such that by 14 to 16 days the primitive cells constitute less than 1 % of the circulating erythroid cells. Primitive erythropoiesis is strikingly different from definitive erythropoiesis. At any one time point between 2 and 16 days, all of the isolated primitive cells appear, by morphological criteria, to be at the same stage of maturation, and, although variation in cell size is observed, for an individual maturation stage, the small cells are not more mature than the medium-size cells, nor are the large cells less mature than the medium or small cells. Maturing primitive erythroid cells undergo the progressive changes in cell structure characteristic of erythroid maturation in mammalian erythropoietic systems, but do so as a uniform cell population. Haemoglobin, isolated from primitive erythroid cells of 2- to 5-day embryos, shows two components on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, haemoglobin E and haemoglobin P. The haemoglobin E/P ratio is constant in lysates from 2- to 5-day embryos. A t 6 to 7 days when the first haemoglobinized immature definitive erythroid cells appear in the embryonic circulation, two new haemoglobin components are observed in lysates of erythroid cells. These two new haemoglobin components are electrophoretically and immunologically identical to the two haemoglobin components of adult chickens, haemoglobins A and D. As the definitive erythroid cells replace the primitive erythrocytes in the embryonic circulation, the haemoglobins A and D increase in amount and replace haemoglobin P. Haemoglobin P cannot be detected immunologically in erythroid cell lysates from 16-day embryos which contain less than 1 % primitive cells. In erythroid cell lysates from late embryos, which contained few, if any, primitive erythrocytes, a minor haemoglobin, electrophoretically similar to haemoglobin E on pH 10.3 polyacrylamide gels, is consistently observed. This component differs from haemoglobin E on pH 8.9 polyacrylmide gels, on Sephadex G-100 columns, on polyacrylamide gels of different porosities, and shows a reaction of only partial identity with haemoglobin E by two-dimensional immunodiffusion. This haemoglobin component, haemoglobin H, is detectable electrophoretically in lysates from 12-day embryos and immunologically in lysates from 8-day embryos. Haemoglobin H has not been observed in adult chickens. The switch from the production of primitive to definitive erythroid cells during development of the chick embryo is associated with the initiation of synthesis of three new haemoglobins, the two adult haemoglobins and haemoglobin H. The haemoglobin D /A ratio of adult chicken haemoglobin, determined from the ratio of gel scan peak masses, is 0.30. When haemoglobins D and A first appear in erythroid cell lysates from 6- to 7-day embryos, the haemoglobin D /A ratio is about 0.9. T he D/A ratio of lysates falls to 0.5 by 16 to 18 days, a time when 99 % of the erythroid cells of the embryo are mature definitive erythrocytes. However, the haemoglobin D /A ratio of lysates from late embryos and young chicks of 0.5 to 20 days of age is consistently greater than that of adult chicken haemoglobin. Definitive erythrocytes of chick embryos and young chicks appear to differ from definitive cells of adult chickens in at least two ways: the presence of haemoglobin H and the higher haemoglobin D/A ratio.
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Nishimura T, Kogo T, Yokomuro K, Kimura Y, Kajita A. Immunological studies in the multiple hemoglobins of tadpole and frog of Rana catesbeiana. FEBS Lett 1973; 36:1-4. [PMID: 4201117 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(73)80323-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Araki T, Kajita A, Shukuya R. Latent Bohr effect in the tadpole haemoglobin of Rana catesbeiana. NATURE: NEW BIOLOGY 1973; 242:254-6. [PMID: 4540807 DOI: 10.1038/newbio242254a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Araki T, Kajita A, Shukuya R. The effect of organic phosphates on the allosteric property of Rana catesbeiana hemoglobins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1971; 43:1179-85. [PMID: 5568185 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(71)90587-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Maclean N, Brooks GT, Jurd RD. Haemoglobin synthesis in vitro by erythrocytes from Xenopus laevis. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1969; 30:825-34. [PMID: 5347601 DOI: 10.1016/0010-406x(69)90037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Moss B, Ingram VM. Hemoglobin synthesis during amphibian metamorphosis. I. Chemical studies on the hemoglobins from the larval and adult stages of Rana catesbeiana. J Mol Biol 1968; 32:481-92. [PMID: 5644917 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(68)90336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Moss B, Ingram VM. Hemoglobin synthesis during amphibian metamorphosis. II. Synthesis of adult hemoglobin following thyroxine administration. J Mol Biol 1968; 32:493-502. [PMID: 5644918 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(68)90337-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Frieden E. Thyroid hormones and the biochemistry of amphibian metamorphosis. RECENT PROGRESS IN HORMONE RESEARCH 1967; 23:139-94. [PMID: 4876480 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4831-9826-2.50007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Manwell C. Metamorphosis and gene action--I. Electrophoresis of dehydrogenases, esterases, phosphatases, hemoglobins and other soluble proteins of tadpole and adult bullfrogs. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1966; 17:805-23. [PMID: 5943915 DOI: 10.1016/0010-406x(66)90123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Trader CD, Frieden E. Dimerization and Other Chemical Changes in Amphibian Hemoglobins during Metamorphosis. J Biol Chem 1966. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)96924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Moss B, Ingram VM. The repression and induction by thyroxin of hemoglobin synthesis during amphibian metamorphosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1965; 54:967-74. [PMID: 5217474 PMCID: PMC219772 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.54.3.967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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