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Jaworski M, Panczyk M, Cieślak I, Baranowska A, Brukało K, Grzebieluch J, Kwaśniewska M, Urbaniak M, Zarzeczna-Baran M, Zyska A, Gotlib J. The role of life skills in developing an authentic leadership attitude in public health students: a multicenter cross-sectional study in Poland. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1485. [PMID: 35927664 PMCID: PMC9354436 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Decision-making skills are considered crucial life skills that condition proper social functioning within groups (i.e., support authentic leadership skills and increasing one’s chances of success and wellbeing in life). Nonetheless, the number of scientific papers addressing the role of life skills in developing authentic leadership skills in public health students is limited. The aim of the present study was to develop a theoretical model to determine the role of selected life skills in developing authentic leadership skills in public health students. Methods The study was conducted from January 16 through February 28, 2018. In total, 653 students undertaking in-service training in Master’s degree programs qualified for the study, and complete data sets were obtained from 329 students (response rate 50.38%). The data were collected by means of a paper questionnaire. Four research tools were used in the study: The Authentic Leadership Self-Assessment Questionnaire, The Moral Foundations Questionnaire, The General Self-Efficacy Scale, and The Youth Leadership Life Skills Development Scale. Results Two subgroups were identified among the public health students in the study: 1) the extra life skills training group (N = 113) and 2) the no extra life skills training group (N = 216). Both groups of study participants did not differ significantly in terms of age (M (SD): 25.0 (3.89) vs. 25.0 (3.66); t = 0.068, P = 0.946). On the other hand, clear differences were observed in the case of the respondents’ participation in voluntary service. The respondents from the extra life skills training group declared participation in voluntary activities less frequently than the respondents from the second identified group (48.7 vs. 31.9%). Conclusions A verified theoretical model showed that course aimed at strengthening authentic leadership competences should be modular, should focus on self-improvement and critical reflection, and should be spread over time to enable and encourage each participant to grow and flourish at their own pace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Jaworski
- Department of Education and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 14/16 Litewska Street, 00-581, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Panczyk
- Department of Education and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 14/16 Litewska Street, 00-581, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ilona Cieślak
- Department of Education and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 14/16 Litewska Street, 00-581, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Baranowska
- Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Brukało
- Department of Health Policy, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Bytom, Poland
| | - Jolanta Grzebieluch
- Department of Organization and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kwaśniewska
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Urbaniak
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Law, Faculty of Health Sciences, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marzena Zarzeczna-Baran
- Center of Competence Development, Integrated Care and e-Health, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.,Academy of Applied Medical and Social Sciences, Elbląg, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Gotlib
- Department of Education and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 14/16 Litewska Street, 00-581, Warsaw, Poland
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Liu C, Liu W, Jiao M, Li Y, Zhang G, Wei L, Zhou S, Li Y, Sha Z, Hao Y, Wu Q. A combined behavioural economics- and simulation-based medical education to promote effectiveness among medical residents in coping with workplace violence in Northern China: a quasi-experimental study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1090. [PMID: 35650559 PMCID: PMC9156828 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13497-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Workplace violence is internationally recognised as a major concern for the workforce, which entails serious consequences, and research shows that medical residents are more likely than other doctors to experience violence in the workplace. This study first examines the effectiveness of simulation-based medical education, and then simulation-based medical education combined with behavioural economics as interventions in medical residents' perception of, attitude toward, and self-efficacy in coping with violence in the workplace.
Methods
A quasi-experimental design was used, 190 participants were randomised into three study groups to respectively test the effect of simulation-based medical education only and simulation-based medical education plus behavioural economics interventions, compared with a control group. Data were obtained from structured questionnaires, including (1) a perception of aggression scale, a management of aggression and violence attitude scale, a general self-efficacy scale, and (2) socio-demographic characteristics.
Results
The results show that the scores attained by simulation-based medical education (SBME) and simulation-based medical education combined with behavioural economics (SBME + BE) interventions for perception, attitude, and self-efficacy were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < .01). The SBME + BE group recorded a greater improvement in perception, which could be ascribed to the behavioural economics effect. Furthermore, the higher perception of workplace violence is correlated with single residents and those with more work experience, prior experiences of violence in the workplace, and training related to workplace violence. A higher positive correlation of workplace violence was recorded by female and widowed residents,and a higher level of self-efficacy related to violence in the workplace correlated with male, widowed,and senior (third-year) residents.
Conclusions
This study contributes important evidence regarding changes in the perception, attitude, and self-efficacy of subjects following both the SBME + BE and SBME interventions among medical residents in coping with workplace violence, the biggest perception change having been recorded after the SBME + BE intervention, which can be explained by the inclusion of behavioural economics.
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Jain PN, Hametz P, Banker SL, Escalante E, Gutierrez F, Dodoo C, Dwivedi AK, Beck J, Fromme HB. Flying Solo: Effectiveness of Attendingless Family-Centered Rounds on Improving Resident Autonomy. Hosp Pediatr 2021; 11:e218-e230. [PMID: 34588174 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2021-005971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education requires that residents demonstrate increasing autonomy during their training. Although residents report a better educational environment with hospitalists present during family-centered rounds (FCRs), there is a concern that attending presence may reduce resident autonomy. We aim to determine the effect of FCRs without an attending during rounds on senior residents' sense of autonomy. METHODS We conducted a multicenter, retrospective, preintervention-postintervention study at 5 children's hospitals to evaluate the effect of rounding without an attending on senior residents' self-efficacy, using a questionnaire developed by using Bandura's principles of self-efficacy and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education milestones. Questions addressed skills of diagnosis and/or management, communication, teaching, and team management. We compared preintervention and postintervention results using paired t tests and Wilcoxon rank tests. One-way analysis of variance tests were used to compare means among >2 groups. RESULTS 116 (82% response rate) of 142 eligible senior residents completed the questionnaire, which yielded a high reliability (α = 0.80) with a 1-factor score. The average composite score of self-efficacy significantly improved after intervention compared with the preintervention score (66.71 ± 6.95 vs 60.91 ± 6.82; P < .001). Additional analyses revealed meaningful improvement of each individual item postintervention. The highest gain was reported in directing bedside teaching (71.8% vs 42.5%; P < .001) and answering learner questions on rounds (70.7% vs 47.0%; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Conducting FCRs without an attending increases resident reported self-efficacy regarding core elements of patient care and team leadership. In future studies, researchers should examine the impact of rounding without the attending on other stakeholders, such as students, interns, patients and/or families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya N Jain
- Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York .,Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Patricia Hametz
- Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York.,Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Sumeet L Banker
- New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, New York.,Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Enrique Escalante
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Fatima Gutierrez
- El Paso Children's Hospital, El Paso, Texas.,Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas
| | | | - Alok K Dwivedi
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas
| | - Jimmy Beck
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington and.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - H Barrett Fromme
- Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Rozbroj T, Lyons A, Lucke J. Psychosocial and demographic characteristics relating to vaccine attitudes in Australia. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2019; 102:172-179. [PMID: 30166057 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Distrust in vaccination is a public health concern. In responding to vaccination distrust, the psychosocial context it occurs in needs to be accounted for. But this psychosocial context is insufficiently understood. We examined how Australians' attitudes to childhood vaccination relate to broader psychosocial characteristics pertaining to two key areas: health and government. DESIGN 4370 Australians were surveyed and divided into five vaccine attitude groups. Logistic univariable and multivariable regression analyses were used to compare differences in psychosocial characteristics between these groups. RESULTS Multivariate analysis showed that, compared to groups with positive vaccine attitudes, groups with negative attitudes were more informed, engaged and independent health consumers, with greater adherence to complementary medicine, but lower belief in holistic health. They had higher distrust in the mainstream healthcare system, higher conspiracist ideation, and were more likely to vote for minor political parties. They were more likely to be male, religious, have children, and self-report better health. CONCLUSIONS This research revealed HOW profiles of psychosocial characteristics differed between each of the five attitudes to childhood vaccines. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS These findings are useful for tailoring communications about vaccination-related concerns. They also show that more granular classification and measurement of vaccine attitudes may be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Rozbroj
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Australia.
| | - Anthony Lyons
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Jayne Lucke
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Australia
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Development and Validation of a Self-Efficacy Scale for Clinical Reasoning in Physical Therapists. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1097/00001416-201731010-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Saito A, Kojima S, Sasaki F, Hayashi M, Mieno Y, Sakakibara H, Hashimoto S. Development and evaluation of a self-efficacy instrument for Japanese sleep apnea patients receiving continuous positive airway pressure treatment. Nat Sci Sleep 2015; 7:25-31. [PMID: 25678832 PMCID: PMC4319555 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s74268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a self-efficacy instrument for Japanese obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Analyzed subjects were 653 Japanese OSA patients (619 males and 34 females) treated with CPAP at a sleep laboratory in a respiratory clinic in a Japanese city. Based on Bandura's social cognitive theory, the CPAP Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Sleep Apnea in Japanese (CSESA-J) was developed by a focus group of experts, using a group interview of OSA patients for the items of two previous self-efficacy scales for Western sleep apnea patients receiving CPAP treatment. CSESA-J has two subscales, one for self-efficacy and the other for outcome expectancy, and consists of a total of 15 items. Content validity was confirmed by the focus group. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the factor loadings of self-efficacy and outcome expectancy were 0.47-0.76 and 0.41-0.92, respectively, for the corresponding items. CSESA-J had a significant but weak positive association with the General Self-Efficacy Scale, and a strong positive association with "Self-efficacy scale on health behavior in patients with chronic disease." Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.85 for the self-efficacy subscale and 0.89 for the outcome expectancy subscale. The intraclass correlation coefficient using data from the first and second measurements with CSESA-J for a subset of 130 subjects was 0.93 for the self-efficacy and outcome expectancy subscales. These results support CSESA-J as a reliable and valid instrument for measuring the self-efficacy of Japanese OSA patients treated with CPAP. Further studies are warranted to confirm validity for female OSA patients and generalizability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Saito
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Shigeko Kojima
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nihon Fukushi University, Handa, Japan
| | | | - Masamichi Hayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Allergy, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yuki Mieno
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Allergy, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | | | - Shuji Hashimoto
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
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