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Kumari M, Yagnik KN, Gupta V, Singh IK, Gupta R, Verma PK, Singh A. Metabolomics-driven investigation of plant defense response against pest and pathogen attack. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14270. [PMID: 38566280 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The advancement of metabolomics has assisted in the identification of various bewildering characteristics of the biological system. Metabolomics is a standard approach, facilitating crucial aspects of system biology with absolute quantification of metabolites using minimum samples, based on liquid/gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. The metabolome profiling has narrowed the wide gaps of missing information and has enhanced the understanding of a wide spectrum of plant-environment interactions by highlighting the complex pathways regulating biochemical reactions and cellular physiology under a particular set of conditions. This high throughput technique also plays a prominent role in combined analyses of plant metabolomics and other omics datasets. Plant metabolomics has opened a wide paradigm of opportunities for developing stress-tolerant plants, ensuring better food quality and quantity. However, despite advantageous methods and databases, the technique has a few limitations, such as ineffective 3D capturing of metabolites, low comprehensiveness, and lack of cell-based sampling. In the future, an expansion of plant-pathogen and plant-pest response towards the metabolite architecture is necessary to understand the intricacies of plant defence against invaders, elucidation of metabolic pathway operational during defence and developing a direct correlation between metabolites and biotic stresses. Our aim is to provide an overview of metabolomics and its utilities for the identification of biomarkers or key metabolites associated with biotic stress, devising improved diagnostic methods to efficiently assess pest and pathogen attack and generating improved crop varieties with the help of combined application of analytical and molecular tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Kumari
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Kalpesh Nath Yagnik
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Vaishali Gupta
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Indrakant K Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Praveen K Verma
- Plant-Immunity Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Delhi School of Climate Change and Sustainability, Institution of Eminence, Maharishi Karnad Bhawan, University of Delhi, India
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Kempf K, Kempf O, Capello Y, Molitor C, Lescoat C, Melhem R, Chaignepain S, Génot E, Groppi A, Nikolski M, Halbwirth H, Deffieux D, Quideau S. Synthesis of Flavonol-Bearing Probes for Chemoproteomic and Bioinformatic Analyses of Asteraceae Petals in Search of Novel Flavonoid Enzymes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119724. [PMID: 37298676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at searching for the enzymes that are responsible for the higher hydroxylation of flavonols serving as UV-honey guides for pollinating insects on the petals of Asteraceae flowers. To achieve this aim, an affinity-based chemical proteomic approach was developed by relying on the use of quercetin-bearing biotinylated probes, which were thus designed and synthesized to selectively and covalently capture relevant flavonoid enzymes. Proteomic and bioinformatic analyses of proteins captured from petal microsomes of two Asteraceae species (Rudbeckia hirta and Tagetes erecta) revealed the presence of two flavonol 6-hydroxylases and several additional not fully characterized proteins as candidates for the identification of novel flavonol 8-hydroxylases, as well as relevant flavonol methyl- and glycosyltransferases. Generally speaking, this substrate-based proteome profiling methodology constitutes a powerful tool for the search for unknown (flavonoid) enzymes in plant protein extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kempf
- ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), University of Bordeaux, 33405 Talence CEDEX, France
| | - Oxana Kempf
- ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), University of Bordeaux, 33405 Talence CEDEX, France
| | - Yoan Capello
- ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), University of Bordeaux, 33405 Talence CEDEX, France
| | - Christian Molitor
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental & Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Claire Lescoat
- Centre de Bioinformatique de Bordeaux (CBiB), University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux CEDEX, France
| | - Rana Melhem
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux (INSERM U1045), University of Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac CEDEX, France
| | - Stéphane Chaignepain
- CBMN (CNRS-UMR 5248), Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Bordeaux, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux CEDEX, France
| | - Elisabeth Génot
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux (INSERM U1045), University of Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac CEDEX, France
| | - Alexis Groppi
- Centre de Bioinformatique de Bordeaux (CBiB), University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux CEDEX, France
- IBGC (CNRS-UMR 5095), University of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux CEDEX, France
| | - Macha Nikolski
- Centre de Bioinformatique de Bordeaux (CBiB), University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux CEDEX, France
- IBGC (CNRS-UMR 5095), University of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux CEDEX, France
| | - Heidi Halbwirth
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental & Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Denis Deffieux
- ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), University of Bordeaux, 33405 Talence CEDEX, France
| | - Stéphane Quideau
- ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), University of Bordeaux, 33405 Talence CEDEX, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France
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Li Y, Ran L, Mo T, Liu N, Zeng J, Liang A, Wang C, Suo Q, Chen Z, Wang Y, Fang N, Xu S, Xiao Y. Yellow Petal locus GaYP promotes flavonol biosynthesis and yellow coloration in petals of Asiatic cotton (Gossypium arboreum). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:98. [PMID: 37027050 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Yellow Petal locus GaYP is located on chromosome 11 and encodes a Sg6 R2R3-MYB transcription factor, which promotes flavonol biosynthesis and yellow coloration in Asiatic cotton petals. Petal color is pivotal to ornamental value and reproduction of plants. Yellow coloration in plant petals is mainly attributed to colorants including carotenoids, aurones and some flavonols. To date, the genetic regulatory mechanism of flavonol biosynthesis in petals is still to be elucidated. Here, we employed Asiatic cottons with or without deep yellow coloration in petals to address this question. Multi-omic and biochemical analysis revealed significantly up-regulated transcription of flavonol structural genes and increased levels of flavonols, especially gossypetin and 6-hydroxykaempferol, in yellow petals of Asiatic cotton. Furthermore, the Yellow Petal gene (GaYP) was mapped on chromosome 11 by using a recombinant inbred line population. It was found that GaYP encoded a transcriptional factor belonging to Sg6 R2R3-MYB proteins. GaYP could bind to the promoter of flavonol synthase gene (GaFLS) and activate the transcription of downstream genes. Knocking out of GaYP or GaFLS homologs in upland cotton largely eliminated flavonol accumulation and pale yellow coloration in petals. Our results indicated that flavonol synthesis, up-regulated by the R2R3-MYB transcription activator GaYP, was the causative factor for yellow coloration of Asiatic cotton petals. In addition, knocking out of GaYP homologs also led to decrease in anthocyanin accumulation and petal size in upland cotton, suggesting that GaYP and its homologs might modulate developmental or physiological processes beyond flavonol biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohua Li
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingfang Ran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong Mo
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Nian Liu
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianyan Zeng
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Aimin Liang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuannan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingwei Suo
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Nianjuan Fang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Shijia Xu
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuehua Xiao
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China.
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Dulak K, Sordon S, Matera A, Kozak B, Huszcza E, Popłoński J. Novel flavonoid C-8 hydroxylase from Rhodotorula glutinis: identification, characterization and substrate scope. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:175. [PMID: 36038906 PMCID: PMC9422121 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01899-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The regioselective hydroxylation of phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids, is still a bottleneck of classical organic chemistry that could be solved using enzymes with high activity and specificity. Yeast Rhodotorula glutinis KCh735 in known to catalyze the C-8 hydroxylation of flavones and flavanones. The enzyme F8H (flavonoid C8-hydroxylase) is involved in the reaction, but the specific gene has not yet been identified. In this work, we present identification, heterologous expression and characterization of the first F8H ortho-hydroxylase from yeast. Results Differential transcriptome analysis and homology to bacterial monooxygenases, including also a FAD-dependent motif and a GD motif characteristic for flavin-dependent monooxygenases, provided a set of coding sequences among which RgF8H was identified. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that RgF8H is a member of the flavin monooxygenase group active on flavonoid substrates. Analysis of recombinant protein showed that the enzyme catalyzes the C8-hydroxylation of naringenin, hesperetin, eriodyctiol, pinocembrin, apigenin, luteolin, chrysin, diosmetin and 7,4ʹ-dihydroxyflavone. The presence of the C7-OH group is necessary for enzymatic activity indicating ortho-hydroxylation mechanism. The enzyme requires the NADPH coenzyme for regeneration prosthetic group, displays very low hydroxyperoxyflavin decupling rate, and addition of FAD significantly increases its activity. Conclusions This study presents identification of the first yeast hydroxylase responsible for regioselective C8-hydroxylation of flavonoids (F8H). The enzyme was biochemically characterized and applied in in vitro cascade with Bacillus megaterium glucose dehydrogenase reactions. High in vivo activity in Escherichia coli enable further synthetic biology application towards production of rare highly antioxidant compounds. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01899-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Dulak
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Sandra Sordon
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agata Matera
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kozak
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Huszcza
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jarosław Popłoński
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
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Advances in Plant Metabolomics and Its Applications in Stress and Single-Cell Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136985. [PMID: 35805979 PMCID: PMC9266571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, the post-genomic era envisaged high-throughput technologies, resulting in more species with available genome sequences. In-depth multi-omics approaches have evolved to integrate cellular processes at various levels into a systems biology knowledge base. Metabolomics plays a crucial role in molecular networking to bridge the gaps between genotypes and phenotypes. However, the greater complexity of metabolites with diverse chemical and physical properties has limited the advances in plant metabolomics. For several years, applications of liquid/gas chromatography (LC/GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) have been constantly developed. Recently, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS)-MS has shown utility in resolving isomeric and isobaric metabolites. Both MS and NMR combined metabolomics significantly increased the identification and quantification of metabolites in an untargeted and targeted manner. Thus, hyphenated metabolomics tools will narrow the gap between the number of metabolite features and the identified metabolites. Metabolites change in response to environmental conditions, including biotic and abiotic stress factors. The spatial distribution of metabolites across different organs, tissues, cells and cellular compartments is a trending research area in metabolomics. Herein, we review recent technological advancements in metabolomics and their applications in understanding plant stress biology and different levels of spatial organization. In addition, we discuss the opportunities and challenges in multiple stress interactions, multi-omics, and single-cell metabolomics.
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