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Wu Z, Jiang Z, Li Z, Jiao P, Zhai J, Liu S, Han X, Zhang S, Sun J, Gai Z, Qiu C, Xu J, Liu H, Qin R, Lu R. Multi-omics analysis reveals spatiotemporal regulation and function of heteromorphic leaves in Populus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:188-204. [PMID: 36746772 PMCID: PMC10152652 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high economic and ecological importance of forests, our knowledge of the adaptive evolution of leaf traits remains very limited. Euphrates poplar (Populus euphratica), which has high tolerance to arid environment, has evolved four heteromorphic leaf forms, including narrow (linear and lanceolate) and broad (ovate and broad-ovate) leaves on different crowns. Here, we revealed the significant functional divergence of four P. euphratica heteromorphic leaves at physiological and cytological levels. Through global analysis of transcriptome and DNA methylation across tree and leaf developmental stages, we revealed that gene expression and DNA epigenetics differentially regulated key processes involving development and functional adaptation of heteromorphic leaves, such as hormone signaling pathways, cell division, and photosynthesis. Combined analysis of gene expression, methylation, ATAC-seq, and Hi-C-seq revealed longer interaction of 3D genome, hypomethylation, and open chromatin state upregulates IAA-related genes (such as PIN-FORMED1 and ANGUSTIFOLIA3) and promotes the occurrence of broad leaves while narrow leaves were associated with highly concentrated heterochromatin, hypermethylation, and upregulated abscisic acid pathway genes (such as Pyrabactin Resistance1-like10). Therefore, development of P. euphratica heteromorphic leaves along with functional divergence was regulated by differentially expressed genes, DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility, and 3D genome remodeling to adapt to the arid desert. This study advances our understanding of differential regulation on development and functional divergence of heteromorphic leaves in P. euphratica at the multi-omics level and provides a valuable resource for investigating the adaptive evolution of heteromorphic leaves in Populus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Alar 843300, China
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhenbo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Alar 843300, China
- College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Desert Poplar Research Center of Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Alar 843300, China
- College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Desert Poplar Research Center of Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Peipei Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Alar 843300, China
- College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Desert Poplar Research Center of Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Juntuan Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Alar 843300, China
- College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Desert Poplar Research Center of Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaoli Han
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Alar 843300, China
- College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Desert Poplar Research Center of Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Shanhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Alar 843300, China
- College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Desert Poplar Research Center of Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Jianhao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Alar 843300, China
- College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Desert Poplar Research Center of Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Zhongshuai Gai
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Alar 843300, China
- College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Desert Poplar Research Center of Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Chen Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Alar 843300, China
- College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Desert Poplar Research Center of Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Jindong Xu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Rui Qin
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Rui Lu
- Wuhan Frasergen Bioinformatics, Wuhan 430074, China
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McAdam SAM, Sussmilch FC. The evolving role of abscisic acid in cell function and plant development over geological time. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 109:39-45. [PMID: 32571626 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is found in a wide diversity of organisms, yet we know most about the hormonal action of this compound in the ecologically dominant and economically important angiosperms. In angiosperms, ABA regulates a suite of critical responses from desiccation tolerance through to seed dormancy and stomatal closure. Work exploring the function of key genes in the ABA signalling pathway of angiosperms has revealed that this signal transduction pathway is ancient, yet considerable change in the physiological roles of this hormone have occurred over geological time. With recent advances in our capacity to characterise gene function in non-angiosperms we are on the cusp of revealing the origins of this critical hormonal signalling pathway in plants, and understanding how a simple hormone may have shaped land plant diversity, ecology and adaptation over the past 500 million years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A M McAdam
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Frances C Sussmilch
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, TAS, 7005, Australia
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3
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Wen D, Xu H, Xie L, He M, Hou H, Wu C, Li Y, Zhang C. Effects of Nitrogen Level during Seed Production on Wheat Seed Vigor and Seedling Establishment at the Transcriptome Level. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113417. [PMID: 30384458 PMCID: PMC6274887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen fertilizer is a critical determinant of grain yield and seed quality in wheat. However, the mechanism of nitrogen level during seed production affecting wheat seed vigor and seedling establishment at the transcriptome level remains unknown. Here, we report that wheat seeds produced under different nitrogen levels (N0, N168, N240, and N300) showed significant differences in seed vigor and seedling establishment. In grain yield and seed vigor, N0 and N240 treatments showed the minimum and maximum, respectively. Subsequently, we used RNA-seq to analyze the transcriptomes of seeds and seedlings under N0 and N240 at the early stage of seedling establishment. Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis revealed that dioxygenase-activity-related genes were dramatically upregulated in faster growing seedlings. Among these genes, the top three involved linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase (Traes_2DL_D4BCDAA76, Traes_2DL_CE85DC5C0, and Traes_2DL_B5B62EE11). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that pathways involved in nutrient mobilization and the antioxidant system showed enhanced expression under N240. Moreover, seeds with faster growing seedlings had a higher gene expression level of α-amylase, which was consistent with α-amylase activity. Taken together, we propose a model for seedling establishment and seed vigor in response to nitrogen level during seed production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Haicheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Liuyong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Mingrong He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Hongcun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Chenglai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Chunqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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Chen HC, Cheng WH, Hong CY, Chang YS, Chang MC. The transcription factor OsbHLH035 mediates seed germination and enables seedling recovery from salt stress through ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways, respectively. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 11:50. [PMID: 30203325 PMCID: PMC6134479 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-018-0244-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many transcription factors (TFs), such as those in the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family, are important for regulating plant growth and plant responses to abiotic stress. The expression of OsbHLH035 is induced by drought and salinity. However, its functional role in rice growth, development, and the salt response is still unknown. RESULTS The bHLH TF OsbHLH035 is a salt-induced gene that is primarily expressed in germinating seeds and seedlings. Stable expression of GFP-fused OsbHLH035 in rice transgenic plants revealed that this protein is predominantly localized to the nucleus. Osbhlh035 mutants show delayed seed germination, particularly under salt-stress conditions. In parallel, abscisic acid (ABA) contents are over-accumulated, and the expression of the ABA biosynthetic genes OsABA2 and OsAAO3 is upregulated; furthermore, compared with that in wild-type (WT) seedlings, the salt-induced expression of OsABA8ox1, an ABA catabolic gene, in germinating Osbhlh035 mutant seeds is downregulated. Moreover, Osbhlh035 mutant seedlings are unable to recover from salt-stress treatment. Consistently, sodium is over-accumulated in aerial tissues but slightly reduced in terrestrial tissues from Osbhlh035 seedlings after salt treatment. Additionally, the expression of the sodium transporters OsHKT1;3 and 1;5 is reduced in Osbhlh035 aerial and terrestrial tissues, respectively. Furthermore, genetic complementation can restore both the delayed seed germination and the impaired recovery of salt-treated Osbhlh035 seedlings to normal growth. CONCLUSION OsbHLH035 mediates seed germination and seedling recovery after salt stress relief through the ABA-dependent and ABA-independent activation of OsHKT pathways, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chi Chen
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wan-Hsing Cheng
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chwan-Yang Hong
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Sen Chang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Men-Chi Chang
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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He D, Guo P, Gugger PF, Guo Y, Liu X, Chen J. Investigating the molecular basis for heterophylly in the aquatic plant Potamogeton octandrus (Potamogetonaceae) with comparative transcriptomics. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4448. [PMID: 29507839 PMCID: PMC5834931 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many plant species exhibit different leaf morphologies within a single plant, or heterophylly. The molecular mechanisms regulating this phenomenon, however, have remained elusive. In this study, the transcriptomes of submerged and floating leaves of an aquatic heterophyllous plant, Potamogeton octandrus Poir, at different stages of development, were sequenced using high-throughput sequencing (RNA-Seq), in order to aid gene discovery and functional studies of genes involved in heterophylly. A total of 81,103 unigenes were identified in submerged and floating leaves and 6,822 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by comparing samples at differing time points of development. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis categorized these unigenes into 128 pathways. A total of 24,025 differentially expressed genes were involved in carbon metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of amino acids, ribosomal processes, and plant-pathogen interactions. In particular, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis categorized a total of 70 DEGs into plant hormone signal transduction pathways. The high-throughput transcriptomic results presented here highlight the potential for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying heterophylly, which is still poorly understood. Further, these data provide a framework to better understand heterophyllous leaf development in P. octandrus via targeted studies utilizing gene cloning and functional analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingxuan He
- Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, College of life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Pin Guo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Paul F Gugger
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, MD, USA
| | - Youhao Guo
- Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, College of life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, College of life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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6
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Chen HC, Hsieh-Feng V, Liao PC, Cheng WH, Liu LY, Yang YW, Lai MH, Chang MC. The function of OsbHLH068 is partially redundant with its homolog, AtbHLH112, in the regulation of the salt stress response but has opposite functions to control flowering in Arabidopsis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 94:531-548. [PMID: 28631168 PMCID: PMC5504132 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0624-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The homologous genes OsbHLH068 and AtbHLH112 have partially redundant functions in the regulation of the salt stress response but opposite functions to control flowering in Arabidopsis. The transcription factor (TF) basic/Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) is important for plant growth, development, and stress responses. OsbHLH068, which is a homologous gene of AtbHLH112 that is up-regulated under drought and salt stresses, as indicated by previous microarray data analysis. However, the intrinsic function of OsbHLH068 remains unknown. In the present study, we characterized the function and compared the role of OsbHLH068 with that of its homolog, AtbHLH112. Histochemical GUS staining indicated that OsbHLH068 and AtbHLH112 share a similar expression pattern in transgenic Arabidopsis during the juvenile-to-adult phase transition. Heterologous overexpression of OsbHLH068 in Arabidopsis delays seed germination, decreases salt-induced H2O2 accumulation, and promotes root elongation, whereas AtbHLH112 knock-out mutant displays an opposite phenotype. Both OsbHLH068-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings and the Atbhlh112 mutant display a late-flowering phenotype. Moreover, the expression of OsbHLH068-GFP driven by an AtbHLH112 promoter can compensate for the germination deficiency in the Atbhlh112 mutant, but the delayed-flowering phenotype tends to be more severe. Further analysis by microarray and qPCR indicated that the expression of FT is down-regulated in both OsbHLH068-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants and Atbhlh112 mutant plants, whereas SOC1 but not FT is highly expressed in AtbHLH112-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants. A comparative transcriptomic analysis also showed that several stress-responsive genes, such as AtERF15 and AtPUB23, were affected in both OsbHLH068- and AtbHLH112-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Thus, we propose that OsbHLH068 and AtbHLH112 share partially redundant functions in the regulation of abiotic stress responses but have opposite functions to control flowering in Arabidopsis, presumably due to the evolutionary functional divergence of homolog-encoded proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chi Chen
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Vicki Hsieh-Feng
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Chun Liao
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wan-Hsing Cheng
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Yu Liu
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yun-Wei Yang
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Hsin Lai
- Crop Science Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Men-Chi Chang
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Rai V, Sarkar S, Satpati S, Dey N. Overexpression of human peroxisomal enoyl-CoA delta isomerase2 HsPECI2, an ortholog of bamboo expressed during gregarious flowering alters salinity stress responses and polar lipid content in tobacco. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2016; 43:232-243. [PMID: 32480456 DOI: 10.1071/fp15292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisomal enoyl-CoA delta isomerase2 (PECI2) is one of the key enzymes that has critical role in lipid metabolism and plant development during salt stress. Seven out of ten tobacco plants overexpressing human PECI2 (HsPECI2) with PTS1-sequence showed hypersensitivity to salt. Under salt-stress, T2 transformed plants (HsPECI2) displayed reduced primary root, delayed shoot-growth, and visibly smaller rosette leaves turning pale yellow as compared to the pKYLX71 vector control plant. Also, we found altered reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and reduced catalase activity in 100mM sodium chloride (NaCl) treated HsPECI2 transformed plant compared with the pKYLX71 counterpart. ESI-MS/MS data showed that the polar lipids were differentially modulated upon salt treatment in HsPECI2 transformed and pKYLX71 plants as compared with the respective untreated counterpart. Notably, the levels of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid varied significantly, whereas phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine and digalactosyldiacylglycerol contents were moderately upregulated. In parallel, abscisic acid (ABA) responsiveness assay confirmed insensitivity of HsPECI2 transformed plant towards ABA. Overall our data proclaim that HsPECI2 play multifunctional role in normal development and response to salinity stress apart from its primary role in β-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Rai
- Division of Gene Function and Regulation, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Shayan Sarkar
- Division of Gene Function and Regulation, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Suresh Satpati
- Division of Translational Research and Technology Development, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Nrisingha Dey
- Division of Gene Function and Regulation, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
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Priya R, Siva R. Analysis of phylogenetic and functional diverge in plant nine-cis epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase gene family. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2015; 128:519-34. [PMID: 25929830 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-015-0726-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
During different environmental stress conditions, plant growth is regulated by the hormone abscisic acid (an apocarotenoid). In the biosynthesis of abscisic acid, the oxidative cleavage of cis-epoxycarotenoid catalyzed by 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) is the crucial step. The NCED genes were isolated in numerous plant species and those genes were phylogenetically investigated to understand the evolution of NCED genes in various plant lineages comprising lycophyte, gymnosperm, dicot and monocot. A total of 93 genes were obtained from 48 plant species to statistically estimate their sequence conservation and functional divergence. Selaginella moellendorffii appeared to be evolutionarily distinct from those of the angiosperms, insisting the substantial influence of natural selection pressure on NCED genes. Further, using exon-intron structure analysis, the gene structures of NCED were found to be conserved across some species. In addition, the substitution rate ratio of non-synonymous (Ka) versus synonymous (Ks) mutations using the Bayesian inference approach, depicted the critical amino acid residues for functional divergence. A significant functional divergence was found between some subgroups through the co-efficient of type-I functional divergence. Our results suggest that the evolution of NCED genes occurred by duplication, diversification and exon intron loss events. The site-specific profile and functional diverge analysis revealed NCED genes might facilitate the tissue-specific functional divergence in NCED sub-families, that could combat different environmental stress conditions aiding plant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Priya
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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9
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Endo A, Nelson KM, Thoms K, Abrams SR, Nambara E, Sato Y. Functional characterization of xanthoxin dehydrogenase in rice. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:1231-40. [PMID: 25014258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone that plays a key role in biotic and abiotic stress responses. ABA metabolic genes are promising targets for molecular breeding work to improve stress tolerance in crops. The accumulation of ABA does not always improve stress tolerance since stress-induced accumulation of ABA in pollen inhibits the normal course of gametogenesis, affecting grain yields in cereals. This effect highlights the importance of manipulating the ABA levels according to the type of tissues. The aim of this study was to assign an ABA biosynthetic enzyme, xanthoxin dehydrogenase (XanDH), as a functional marker to modulate ABA levels in rice. XanDH is a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family that catalyzes the conversion of xanthoxin to abscisyl aldehyde (ABAld). Previously, this enzyme had only been identified in Arabidopsis, as AtABA2. In this study, a XanDH named OsABA2 was identified in rice. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that a single gene encodes for OsABA2 in the rice genome. Its amino acid sequence contains two motifs that are essential for cofactor binding and catalytic activity. Expression analysis of OsABA2 mRNA showed that the transcript level did not change in response to treatment with ABA or dehydration. Recombinant OsABA2 protein expressed in Escherichia coli converted xanthoxin to ABAld in an NAD-dependent manner. Moreover, expression of OsABA2 in an Arabidopsis aba2 mutant rescued the aba2 mutant phenotypes, characterized by reduced growth, increased water loss, and germination in the presence of paclobutrazol, a gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor or high concentration of glucose. These results indicate that OsABA2 is a rice XanDH that functions in ABA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Endo
- Crop Breeding Research Division, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, 1 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8555, Japan
| | - Ken M Nelson
- National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Ken Thoms
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C7, Canada
| | - Suzanne R Abrams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C7, Canada
| | - Eiji Nambara
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada; The Center for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Yutaka Sato
- Crop Breeding Research Division, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, 1 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8555, Japan.
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10
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Tiller N, Bock R. The translational apparatus of plastids and its role in plant development. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:1105-20. [PMID: 24589494 PMCID: PMC4086613 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssu022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts (plastids) possess a genome and their own machinery to express it. Translation in plastids occurs on bacterial-type 70S ribosomes utilizing a set of tRNAs that is entirely encoded in the plastid genome. In recent years, the components of the chloroplast translational apparatus have been intensely studied by proteomic approaches and by reverse genetics in the model systems tobacco (plastid-encoded components) and Arabidopsis (nucleus-encoded components). This work has provided important new insights into the structure, function, and biogenesis of chloroplast ribosomes, and also has shed fresh light on the molecular mechanisms of the translation process in plastids. In addition, mutants affected in plastid translation have yielded strong genetic evidence for chloroplast genes and gene products influencing plant development at various levels, presumably via retrograde signaling pathway(s). In this review, we describe recent progress with the functional analysis of components of the chloroplast translational machinery and discuss the currently available evidence that supports a significant impact of plastid translational activity on plant anatomy and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Tiller
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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11
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Behnam B, Iuchi S, Fujita M, Fujita Y, Takasaki H, Osakabe Y, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Kobayashi M, Shinozaki K. Characterization of the promoter region of an Arabidopsis gene for 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase involved in dehydration-inducible transcription. DNA Res 2013; 20:315-24. [PMID: 23604098 PMCID: PMC3738159 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dst012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants respond to dehydration stress and tolerate water-deficit status through complex physiological and cellular processes. Many genes are induced by water deficit. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays important roles in tolerance to dehydration stress by inducing many stress genes. ABA is synthesized de novo in response to dehydration. Most of the genes involved in ABA biosynthesis have been identified, and they are expressed mainly in leaf vascular tissues. Of the products of such genes, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) is a key enzyme in ABA biosynthesis. One of the five NCED genes in Arabidopsis, AtNCED3, is significantly induced by dehydration. To understand the regulatory mechanism of the early stages of the dehydration stress response, it is important to analyse the transcriptional regulatory systems of AtNCED3. In the present study, we found that an overlapping G-box recognition sequence (5'-CACGTG-3') at -2248 bp from the transcriptional start site of AtNCED3 is an important cis-acting element in the induction of the dehydration response. We discuss the possible transcriptional regulatory system of dehydration-responsive AtNCED3 expression, and how this may control the level of ABA under water-deficit conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Behnam
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba 305-0074, Japan
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