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Ahmad HM, Alafari HA, Fiaz S, Alshaya DS, Toor S, Ijaz M, Rasool N, Attia KA, Zaynab M, Azmat S, Abushady AM, Chen Y. Genome-wide comparison and identification of myosin gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana and Helianthus annuus. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12070. [PMID: 36561675 PMCID: PMC9763749 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosins are essential components of organelle trafficking in all the eukaryotic cells. Myosin driven movement plays a vital role in the development of pollen tubes, root hairs and root tips of flowering plants. The present research characterized the myosin genes in Arabidopsis thaliana and Helianthus annuus by using different computational tools. We discovered a total of 50 myosin genes and their splice variants in both pant species. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that myosin genes were divided into four subclasses. Chromosomal location revealed that myosin genes were located on all five chromosomes in A. thaliana, whereas they were present on nine chromosomes in H. annuus. Conserved motifs showed that conserved regions were closely similar within subgroups. Gene structure analysis showed that Atmyosin2.2 and Atmyosin2.3 had the highest number of introns/exons. Gene ontology analysis indicated that myosin genes were involved in vesicle transport along actin filament and cytoskeleton trafficking. Expression analysis showed that expression of myosin genes was higher during the flowering stage as compared to the seedling and budding stages. Tissue specific expression indicated that HanMYOSIN11.2, HanMYOSIN16.2 were highly expressed in stamen, whereas HanMYOSIN 2.2, HanMYOSIN 12.1 and HanMYOSIN 17.1 showed higher expression in nectary. This study enhance our understanding the function of myosins in plant development, and forms the basis for future research about the comparative genomics of plant myosin in other crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan,Corresponding author.
| | - Hayat Ali Alafari
- Deparment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajid Fiaz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan,Corresponding author.
| | - Dalal S. Alshaya
- Deparment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sidra Toor
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Munazza Ijaz
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Nouman Rasool
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Kotb A. Attia
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455-11451, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia,Department of Rice Biotechnology, RRTC, Institute of Field Crops, ARC, Sakha, 33177, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Madiha Zaynab
- College of Life Science & Oceanography, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Saira Azmat
- Agriculture Extension and Adaptive Research, Agriculture Department, Government of Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Asmaa M. Abushady
- Biotechnology School, Nile University, 26th of July Corridor, Sheikh Zayed City, Giza, 12588, Egypt,Department of Genetics, Agriculture College, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yinglong Chen
- School of Earth and Environment and UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Australia
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2
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Haraguchi T, Ito K, Morikawa T, Yoshimura K, Shoji N, Kimura A, Iwaki M, Tominaga M. Autoregulation and dual stepping mode of MYA2, an Arabidopsis myosin XI responsible for cytoplasmic streaming. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3150. [PMID: 35210477 PMCID: PMC8873201 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana has 13 genes belonging to the myosin XI family. Myosin XI-2 (MYA2) plays a major role in the generation of cytoplasmic streaming in Arabidopsis cells. In this study, we investigated the molecular properties of MYA2 expressed by the baculovirus transfer system. Actin-activated ATPase activity and in vitro motility assays revealed that activity of MYA2 was regulated by the globular tail domain (GTD). When the GTD is not bound to the cargo, the GTD inhibits ADP dissociation from the motor domain. Optical nanometry of single MYA2 molecules, combining total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) and the fluorescence imaging with one-nanometer accuracy (FIONA) method, revealed that the MYA2 processively moved on actin with three different step sizes: − 28 nm, 29 nm, and 60 nm, at low ATP concentrations. This result indicates that MYA2 uses two different stepping modes; hand-over-hand and inchworm-like. Force measurement using optical trapping showed the stall force of MYA2 was 0.85 pN, which was less than half that of myosin V (2–3 pN). These results indicated that MYA2 has different transport properties from that of the myosin V responsible for vesicle transport in animal cells. Such properties may enable multiple myosin XIs to transport organelles quickly and smoothly, for the generation of cytoplasmic streaming in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Haraguchi
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kohji Ito
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.
| | | | - Kohei Yoshimura
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Nao Shoji
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kimura
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Iwaki
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Motoki Tominaga
- Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan. .,Major in Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan.
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3
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Duan Z, Tanaka M, Kanazawa T, Haraguchi T, Takyu A, Era A, Ueda T, Ito K, Tominaga M. Characterization of ancestral myosin XI from Marchantia polymorpha by heterologous expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:460-473. [PMID: 32717107 PMCID: PMC7689712 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed duplications and diversification of myosin XI genes between angiosperms and bryophytes; however, the functional differentiation and conservation of myosin XI between them remain unclear. Here, we identified a single myosin XI gene from the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha (Mp). The molecular properties of Mp myosin XI are similar to those of Arabidopsis myosin XIs responsible for cytoplasmic streaming, suggesting that the motor function of myosin XI is able to generate cytoplasmic streaming. In cultured Arabidopsis cells, transiently expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fused Mp myosin XI was observed as some intracellular structures moving along the F-actin. These intracellular structures were co-localized with motile endoplasmic reticulum (ER) strands, suggesting that Mp myosin XI binds to the ER and generates intracellular transport in Arabidopsis cells. The tail domain of Mp myosin XI was co-localized with that of Arabidopsis myosin XI-2 and XI-K, suggesting that all these myosin XIs bind to common cargoes. Furthermore, expression of GFP-fused Mp myosin XI rescued the defects of growth, cytoplasmic streaming and actin organization in Arabidopsis multiple myosin XI knockout mutants. The heterologous expression experiments demonstrated the cellular and physiological competence of Mp myosin XI in Arabidopsis. However, the average velocity of organelle transport in Marchantia rhizoids was 0.04 ± 0.01 μm s-1 , which is approximately one-hundredth of that in Arabidopsis cells. Taken together, our results suggest that the molecular properties of myosin XI are conserved, but myosin XI-driven intracellular transport in vivo would be differentiated from bryophytes to angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongrui Duan
- Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and SciencesWaseda University2‐2 Wakamatsu‐cho, Shinjuku‐kuTokyo162‐8480Japan
| | - Misato Tanaka
- Graduate School of Science and EngineeringWaseda University2‐2 Wakamatsu‐cho, Shinjuku‐kuTokyo162‐8480Japan
| | - Takehiko Kanazawa
- Division of Cellular DynamicsNational Institute for Basic BiologyNishigonaka 38, MyodaijiOkazakiAichi444‐8585Japan
- Department of Basic BiologySOKENDAINishigonaka 38, MyodaijiOkazakiAichi444‐8585Japan
| | - Takeshi Haraguchi
- Department of BiologyGraduate School of ScienceChiba UniversityInage‐kuChiba263‐8522Japan
| | - Akiko Takyu
- Department of BiologyGraduate School of ScienceChiba UniversityInage‐kuChiba263‐8522Japan
| | - Atsuko Era
- Department of Biological SciencesGraduate School of ScienceThe University of TokyoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐0033Japan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Division of Cellular DynamicsNational Institute for Basic BiologyNishigonaka 38, MyodaijiOkazakiAichi444‐8585Japan
- Department of Basic BiologySOKENDAINishigonaka 38, MyodaijiOkazakiAichi444‐8585Japan
| | - Kohji Ito
- Department of BiologyGraduate School of ScienceChiba UniversityInage‐kuChiba263‐8522Japan
| | - Motoki Tominaga
- Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and SciencesWaseda University2‐2 Wakamatsu‐cho, Shinjuku‐kuTokyo162‐8480Japan
- Graduate School of Science and EngineeringWaseda University2‐2 Wakamatsu‐cho, Shinjuku‐kuTokyo162‐8480Japan
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Opposing, Polarity-Driven Nuclear Migrations Underpin Asymmetric Divisions to Pattern Arabidopsis Stomata. Curr Biol 2020; 30:4467-4475.e4. [PMID: 32946753 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.08.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Multicellular development depends on generating and precisely positioning distinct cell types within tissues. During leaf development, pores in the epidermis called stomata are spaced at least one cell apart for optimal gas exchange. This pattern is primarily driven by iterative asymmetric cell divisions (ACDs) in stomatal progenitors, which generate most of the cells in the tissue. A plasma membrane-associated polarity crescent defined by BREAKING OF ASYMMETRY IN THE STOMATAL LINEAGE (BASL) and BREVIS RADIX family (BRXf) proteins is required for asymmetric divisions and proper stomatal pattern, but the cellular mechanisms that orient ACDs remain unclear. Here, utilizing long-term, quantitative time-lapse microscopy, we identified two oppositely oriented nuclear migrations that precede and succeed ACD during epidermal patterning. The pre- and post-division migrations are dependent on microtubules and actin, respectively, and the polarity crescent is the unifying landmark that is both necessary and sufficient to orient both nuclear migrations. We identified a specific and essential role for MYOXI-I in controlling post-ACD nuclear migration. Loss of MYOXI-I decreases stomatal density, owing to an inability to accurately orient a specific subset of ACDs. Taken together, our analyses revealed successive and polarity-driven nuclear migrations that regulate ACD orientation in the Arabidopsis stomatal lineage.
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Haraguchi T, Ito K, Duan Z, Rula S, Takahashi K, Shibuya Y, Hagino N, Miyatake Y, Nakano A, Tominaga M. Functional Diversity of Class XI Myosins in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:2268-2277. [PMID: 30398666 PMCID: PMC6217714 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant myosin XI acts as a motive force for cytoplasmic streaming through interacting with actin filaments within the cell. Arabidopsis thaliana (At) has 13 genes belonging to the myosin XI family. Previous reverse genetic approaches suggest that At myosin XIs are partially redundant, but are functionally diverse for their specific tasks within the plant. However, the tissue-specific expression and enzymatic properties of myosin XIs have to date been poorly understood, primarily because of the difficulty in cloning and expressing large myosin XI genes and proteins. In this study, we cloned full-length cDNAs and promoter regions for all 13 At myosin XIs and identified tissue-specific expression (using promoter-reporter assays) and motile and enzymatic activities (using in vitro assays). In general, myosins belonging to the same class have similar velocities and ATPase activities. However, the velocities and ATPase activities of the 13 At myosin XIs are significantly different and are classified broadly into three groups based on velocity (high group, medium group and low group). Interestingly, the velocity groups appear roughly correlated with the tissue-specific expression patterns. Generally, ubiquitously expressed At myosin XIs belong to the medium-velocity group, pollen-specific At myosin XIs belong to the high-velocity group and only one At myosin XI (XI-I) is classified as belonging to the low-velocity group. In this study, we demonstrated the diversity of the 13 myosin XIs in Arabidopsis at the molecular and tissue levels. Our results indicate that myosin XIs in higher plants have distinct motile and enzymatic activities adapted for their specific roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Haraguchi
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kohji Ito
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Zhongrui Duan
- Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sa Rula
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kento Takahashi
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuno Shibuya
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nanako Hagino
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Miyatake
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, Extreme Photonics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Motoki Tominaga
- Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Nebenführ A, Dixit R. Kinesins and Myosins: Molecular Motors that Coordinate Cellular Functions in Plants. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 69:329-361. [PMID: 29489391 PMCID: PMC6653565 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Kinesins and myosins are motor proteins that can move actively along microtubules and actin filaments, respectively. Plants have evolved a unique set of motors that function as regulators and organizers of the cytoskeleton and as drivers of long-distance transport of various cellular components. Recent progress has established the full complement of motors encoded in plant genomes and has revealed valuable insights into the cellular functions of many kinesin and myosin isoforms. Interestingly, several of the motors were found to functionally connect the two cytoskeletal systems and thereby to coordinate their activities. In this review, we discuss the available genetic, cell biological, and biochemical data for each of the plant kinesin and myosin families from the context of their subcellular mechanism of action as well as their physiological function in the whole plant. We particularly emphasize work that illustrates mechanisms by which kinesins and myosins coordinate the activities of the cytoskeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Nebenführ
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-0840, USA;
| | - Ram Dixit
- Department of Biology and Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA;
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7
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Erickson JL, Adlung N, Lampe C, Bonas U, Schattat MH. The Xanthomonas effector XopL uncovers the role of microtubules in stromule extension and dynamics in Nicotiana benthamiana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 93:856-870. [PMID: 29285819 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria type III-secreted effectors were screened for candidates influencing plant cell processes relevant to the formation and maintenance of stromules in Nicotiana benthamiana lower leaf epidermis. Transient expression of XopL, a unique type of E3 ubiquitin ligase, led to a nearly complete elimination of stromules and the relocation of plastids to the nucleus. Further characterization of XopL revealed that the E3 ligase activity is essential for the two plastid phenotypes. In contrast to the XopL wild type, a mutant XopL lacking E3 ligase activity specifically localized to microtubules. Interestingly, mutant XopL-labeled filaments frequently aligned with stromules, suggesting an important, yet unexplored, microtubule-stromule relationship. High time-resolution movies confirmed that microtubules provide a scaffold for stromule movement and contribute to stromule shape. Taken together, this study has defined two populations of stromules: microtubule-dependent stromules, which were found to move slower and persist longer, and microtubule-independent stromules, which move faster and are transient. Our results provide the basis for a new model of stromule dynamics including interactions with both actin and microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Erickson
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099, Halle, Germany
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099, Halle, Germany
| | - Norman Adlung
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099, Halle, Germany
| | - Christina Lampe
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099, Halle, Germany
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099, Halle, Germany
| | - Ulla Bonas
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099, Halle, Germany
| | - Martin H Schattat
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099, Halle, Germany
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Duan Z, Tominaga M. Actin-myosin XI: an intracellular control network in plants. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:403-408. [PMID: 29307817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Actin is one of the three major cytoskeletal components in eukaryotic cells. Myosin XI is an actin-based motor protein in plant cells. Organelles are attached to myosin XI and translocated along the actin filaments. This dynamic actin-myosin XI system plays a major role in subcellular organelle transport and cytoplasmic streaming. Previous studies have revealed that myosin-driven transport and the actin cytoskeleton play essential roles in plant cell growth. Recent data have indicated that the actin-myosin XI cytoskeleton is essential for not only cell growth but also reproductive processes and responses to the environment. In this review, we have summarized previous reports regarding the role of the actin-myosin XI cytoskeleton in cytoplasmic streaming and plant development and recent advances in the understanding of the functions of actin-myosin XI cytoskeleton in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongrui Duan
- Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Motoki Tominaga
- Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan; Major in Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan.
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9
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Rula S, Suwa T, Kijima ST, Haraguchi T, Wakatsuki S, Sato N, Duan Z, Tominaga M, Uyeda TQP, Ito K. Measurement of enzymatic and motile activities of Arabidopsis myosins by using Arabidopsis actins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:2145-2151. [PMID: 29248727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There are two classes of myosin, XI and VIII, in higher plants. Myosin XI moves actin filaments at high speed and its enzyme activity is also very high. In contrast, myosin VIII moves actin filaments very slowly with very low enzyme activity. Because most of these enzymatic and motile activities were measured using animal skeletal muscle α-actin, but not plant actin, they would not accurately reflect the actual activities in plant cells. We thus measured enzymatic and motile activities of the motor domains of two Arabidopsis myosin XI isoforms (MYA2, XI-B), and one Arabidopsis myosin VIII isoform (ATM1), by using three Arabidopsis actin isoforms (ACT1, ACT2, and ACT7). The measured activities were different from those measured by using muscle actin. Moreover, Arabidopsis myosins showed different enzymatic and motile activities when using different Arabidopsis actin isoforms. Our results suggest that plant actin should be used for measuring enzymatic and motile activities of plant myosins and that different actin isoforms in plant cells might function as different tracks along which affinities and velocities of each myosin isoform are modulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Rula
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suwa
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Saku T Kijima
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Takeshi Haraguchi
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Shinryu Wakatsuki
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Naruki Sato
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Zhongrui Duan
- Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Motoki Tominaga
- Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Taro Q P Uyeda
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kohji Ito
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
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10
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Zhang HM, Colyvas K, Patrick JW, Offler CE. A Ca2+-dependent remodelled actin network directs vesicle trafficking to build wall ingrowth papillae in transfer cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:4749-4764. [PMID: 29048561 PMCID: PMC5853249 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The transport function of transfer cells is conferred by an enlarged plasma membrane area, enriched in nutrient transporters, that is supported on a scaffold of wall ingrowth (WI) papillae. Polarized plumes of elevated cytosolic Ca2+ define loci at which WI papillae form in developing adaxial epidermal transfer cells of Vicia faba cotyledons that are induced to trans-differentiate when the cotyledons are placed on culture medium. We evaluated the hypothesis that vesicle trafficking along a Ca2+-regulated remodelled actin network is the mechanism that underpins this outcome. Polarized to the outer periclinal cytoplasm, a Ca2+-dependent remodelling of long actin bundles into short, thin bundles was found to be essential for assembling WI papillae but not the underlying uniform wall layer. The remodelled actin network directed polarized vesicle trafficking to sites of WI papillae construction, and a pharmacological study indicated that both exo- and endocytosis contributed to assembly of the papillae. Potential candidates responsible for the Ca2+-dependent actin remodelling, along with those underpinning polarized exo- and endocyotosis, were identified in a transcriptome RNAseq database generated from the trans-differentiating epidermal cells. Of most significance, endocytosis was controlled by up-regulated expression of a dynamin-like isoform. How a cycle of localized exo- and endocytosis, regulated by Ca2+-dependent actin remodelling, assembles WI papillae is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim Colyvas
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW, Australia
| | - John W Patrick
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences
- Correspondence: or
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11
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Abstract
We investigate the myosin XI-driven transport network in Arabidopsis using protein-protein interaction, subcellular localization, gene knockout, and bioinformatics analyses. The two major groups of nodes in this network are myosins XI and their membrane-anchored receptors (MyoB) that, together, drive endomembrane trafficking and cytoplasmic streaming in the plant cells. The network shows high node connectivity and is dominated by generalists, with a smaller fraction of more specialized myosins and receptors. We show that interaction with myosins and association with motile vesicles are common properties of the MyoB family receptors. We identify previously uncharacterized myosin-binding proteins, putative myosin adaptors that belong to two unrelated families, with four members each (MadA and MadB). Surprisingly, MadA1 localizes to the nucleus and is rapidly transported to the cytoplasm, suggesting the existence of myosin XI-driven nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. In contrast, MadA2 and MadA3, as well as MadB1, partition between the cytosolic pools of motile endomembrane vesicles that colocalize with myosin XI-K and diffuse material that does not. Gene knockout analysis shows that MadB1-4 contribute to polarized root hair growth, phenocopying myosins, whereas MadA1-4 are redundant for this process. Phylogenetic analysis reveals congruent evolutionary histories of the myosin XI, MyoB, MadA, and MadB families. All these gene families emerged in green algae and show concurrent expansions via serial duplication in flowering plants. Thus, the myosin XI transport network increased in complexity and robustness concomitantly with the land colonization by flowering plants and, by inference, could have been a major contributor to this process.
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