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Liu Y, Yang L, Ma Y, Zhou Y, Zhang S, Liu Q, Ma F, Liu C. The HD-Zip I transcription factor MdHB-7 negatively regulates resistance to Glomerella leaf spot in apple. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 299:154277. [PMID: 38843655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
Glomerella leaf spot (GLS), caused by Colletotrichum fructicola (Cf), has been one of the main fungal diseases afflicting apple-producing areas across the world for many years, and it has led to substantial reductions in apple output and quality. HD-Zip transcription factors have been identified in several species, and they are involved in the immune response of plants to various types of biotic stress. In this study, inoculation of MdHB-7 overexpressing (MdHB-7-OE) and interference (MdHB-7-RNAi) transgenic plants with Cf revealed that MdHB-7, which encodes an HD-Zip transcription factor, adversely affects GLS resistance. The SA content and the expression of SA pathway-related genes were lower in MdHB-7-OE plants than in 'GL-3' plants; the content of ABA and the expression of ABA biosynthesis genes were higher in MdHB-7-OE plants than in 'GL-3' plants. Further analysis indicated that the content of phenolics and chitinase and β-1, 3 glucanase activities were lower and H2O2 accumulation was higher in MdHB-7-OE plants than in 'GL-3' plants. The opposite patterns were observed in MdHB-7-RNAi apple plants. Overall, our results indicate that MdHB-7 plays a negative role in regulating defense against GLS in apple, which is likely achieved by altering the content of SA, ABA, polyphenols, the activities of defense-related enzymes, and the content of H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuerong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lulu Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongxin Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yufei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shangyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qianwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Changhai Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Zhang Y, Yang Z, Yang Y, Han A, Rehneke L, Ding L, Wei Y, Liu Z, Meng Y, Schäfer P, Shan W. A symbiont fungal effector relocalizes a plastidic oxidoreductase to nuclei to induce resistance to pathogens and salt stress. Curr Biol 2024:S0960-9822(24)00741-3. [PMID: 38917798 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The root endophytic fungus Serendipita indica establishes beneficial symbioses with a broad spectrum of plants and enhances host resilience against biotic and abiotic stresses. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying S. indica-mediated plant protection. Here, we report S. indica effector (SIE) 141 and its host target CDSP32, a conserved thioredoxin-like protein, and underlying mechanisms for enhancing pathogen resistance and abiotic salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. SIE141 binding interfered with canonical targeting of CDSP32 to chloroplasts, leading to its re-location into the plant nucleus. This nuclear translocation is essential for both their interaction and resistance function. Furthermore, SIE141 enhanced oxidoreductase activity of CDSP32, leading to CDSP32-mediated monomerization and activation of NON-EXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED 1 (NPR1), a key regulator of systemic resistance. Our findings provide functional insights on how S. indica transfers well-known beneficial effects to host plants and indicate CDSP32 as a genetic resource to improve plant resilience to abiotic and biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ziran Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Aiping Han
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Laura Rehneke
- Institute of Phytopathology, Land Use and Nutrition, Research Centre for BioSystems, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Liwen Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yushu Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zeming Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuling Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Patrick Schäfer
- Institute of Phytopathology, Land Use and Nutrition, Research Centre for BioSystems, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Weixing Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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3
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Mukherjee A, Ghosh KK, Chakrabortty S, Gulyás B, Padmanabhan P, Ball WB. Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species in Infection and Immunity. Biomolecules 2024; 14:670. [PMID: 38927073 PMCID: PMC11202257 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contain at least one oxygen atom and one or more unpaired electrons and include singlet oxygen, superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical, hydroperoxyl radical, and free nitrogen radicals. Intracellular ROS can be formed as a consequence of several factors, including ultra-violet (UV) radiation, electron leakage during aerobic respiration, inflammatory responses mediated by macrophages, and other external stimuli or stress. The enhanced production of ROS is termed oxidative stress and this leads to cellular damage, such as protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, and base modifications. This damage may manifest in various pathological states, including ageing, cancer, neurological diseases, and metabolic disorders like diabetes. On the other hand, the optimum levels of ROS have been implicated in the regulation of many important physiological processes. For example, the ROS generated in the mitochondria (mitochondrial ROS or mt-ROS), as a byproduct of the electron transport chain (ETC), participate in a plethora of physiological functions, which include ageing, cell growth, cell proliferation, and immune response and regulation. In this current review, we will focus on the mechanisms by which mt-ROS regulate different pathways of host immune responses in the context of infection by bacteria, protozoan parasites, viruses, and fungi. We will also discuss how these pathogens, in turn, modulate mt-ROS to evade host immunity. We will conclude by briefly giving an overview of the potential therapeutic approaches involving mt-ROS in infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University AP Andhra Pradesh, Guntur 522502, Andhra Pradesh, India;
| | - Krishna Kanta Ghosh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore; (K.K.G.); (B.G.)
| | - Sabyasachi Chakrabortty
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University AP Andhra Pradesh, Guntur 522502, Andhra Pradesh, India;
| | - Balázs Gulyás
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore; (K.K.G.); (B.G.)
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Centre, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Parasuraman Padmanabhan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore; (K.K.G.); (B.G.)
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Centre, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Writoban Basu Ball
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University AP Andhra Pradesh, Guntur 522502, Andhra Pradesh, India;
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Lin Y, Yang H, Liu H, Lu X, Cao H, Li B, Chang Y, Guo Z, Ding D, Hu Y, Xue Y, Liu Z, Tang J. A P-type pentatricopeptide repeat protein ZmRF5 promotes 5' region partial cleavages of atp6c transcripts to restore the fertility of CMS-C maize by recruiting a splicing factor. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:1269-1281. [PMID: 38073308 PMCID: PMC11022799 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
A fast evolution within mitochondria genome(s) often generates discords between nuclear and mitochondria, which is manifested as cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and fertility restoration (Rf) system. The maize CMS-C trait is regulated by the chimeric mitochondrial gene, atp6c, and can be recovered by the restorer gene ZmRf5. Through positional cloning in this study, we identified the nuclear restorer gene, ZmRf5, which encodes a P-type pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) family protein. The over-expression of ZmRf5 brought back the fertility to CMS-C plants, whereas its genomic editing by CRISPR/Cas9 induced abortive pollens in the restorer line. ZmRF5 is sorted to mitochondria, and recruited RS31A, a splicing factor, through MORF8 to form a cleaving/restoring complex, which promoted the cleaving of the CMS-associated transcripts atp6c by shifting the major cleavage site from 480th nt to 344 th nt for fast degradation, and preserved just right amount of atp6c RNA for protein translation, providing adequate ATP6C to assembly complex V, thus restoring male fertility. Interestingly, ATP6C in the sterile line CMo17A, with similar cytology and physiology changes to YU87-1A, was accumulated much less than it in NMo17B, exhibiting a contrary trend in the YU87-1 nuclear genome previously reported, and was restored to normal level in the presence of ZmRF5. Collectively these findings unveil a new molecular mechanism underlying fertility restoration by which ZmRF5 cooperates with MORF8 and RS31A to restore CMS-C fertility in maize, complemented and perfected the sterility mechanism, and enrich the perspectives on communications between nucleus and mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Huili Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Hongmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Xiuyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Haofei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Bing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yongyuan Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhanyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Dong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yanmin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yadong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Zonghua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jihua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
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Wei X, Zhu Y, Xie W, Ren W, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Dai S, Huang CF. H2O2 negatively regulates aluminum resistance via oxidation and degradation of the transcription factor STOP1. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:688-708. [PMID: 37936326 PMCID: PMC10896299 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) stress triggers the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in roots. However, whether H2O2 plays a regulatory role in aluminum resistance remains unclear. In this study, we show that H2O2 plays a crucial role in regulation of Al resistance, which is modulated by the mitochondrion-localized pentatricopeptide repeat protein REGULATION OF ALMT1 EXPRESSION 6 (RAE6). Mutation in RAE6 impairs the activity of complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, resulting in the accumulation of H2O2 and increased sensitivity to Al. Our results suggest that higher H2O2 concentrations promote the oxidation of SENSITIVE TO PROTON RHIZOTOXICITY 1 (STOP1), an essential transcription factor that promotes Al resistance, thereby promoting its degradation by enhancing the interaction between STOP1 and the F-box protein RAE1. Conversely, decreasing H2O2 levels or blocking the oxidation of STOP1 leads to greater STOP1 stability and increased Al resistance. Moreover, we show that the thioredoxin TRX1 interacts with STOP1 to catalyze its chemical reduction. Thus, our results highlight the importance of H2O2 in Al resistance and regulation of STOP1 stability in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Key Laboratory of Plant Design, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yifang Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Key Laboratory of Plant Design, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenxiang Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Key Laboratory of Plant Design, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weiwei Ren
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Key Laboratory of Plant Design, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Shaojun Dai
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Chao-Feng Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Key Laboratory of Plant Design, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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6
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Li W, Liu Z, Huang Y, Zheng J, Yang Y, Cao Y, Ding L, Meng Y, Shan W. Phytophthora infestans RXLR effector Pi23014 targets host RNA-binding protein NbRBP3a to suppress plant immunity. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13416. [PMID: 38279850 PMCID: PMC10777756 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Phytophthora infestans is a destructive oomycete that causes the late blight of potato and tomato worldwide. It secretes numerous small proteins called effectors in order to manipulate host cell components and suppress plant immunity. Identifying the targets of these effectors is crucial for understanding P. infestans pathogenesis and host plant immunity. In this study, we show that the virulence RXLR effector Pi23014 of P. infestans targets the host nucleus and chloroplasts. By using a liquid chromatogrpahy-tandem mass spectrometry assay and co-immunoprecipitation assasys, we show that it interacts with NbRBP3a, a putative glycine-rich RNA-binding protein. We confirmed the co-localization of Pi23014 and NbRBP3a within the nucleus, by using bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR assays showed that the expression of NbRBP3a was induced in Nicotiana benthamiana during P. infestans infection and the expression of marker genes for multiple defence pathways were significantly down-regulated in NbRBP3-silenced plants compared with GFP-silenced plants. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient overexpression of NbRBP3a significantly enhanced plant resistance to P. infestans. Mutations in the N-terminus RNA recognition motif (RRM) of NbRBP3a abolished its interaction with Pi23014 and eliminated its capability to enhance plant resistance to leaf colonization by P. infestans. We further showed that silencing NbRBP3 reduced photosystem II activity, reduced host photosynthetic efficiency, attenuated Pi23014-mediated suppression of cell death triggered by P. infestans pathogen-associated molecular pattern elicitor INF1, and suppressed plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyue Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency Production, and College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Zeming Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency Production, and College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Yuli Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency Production, and College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Jie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency Production, and College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency Production, and College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency Production, and College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Yimeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency Production, and College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Liwen Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency Production, and College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Yuling Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency Production, and College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Weixing Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency Production, and College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency Production, and College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
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7
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Chang CY, Yang SX, Zhang MQ, Guo YT, Li XM, Yan Y, Ding CH, Niu KX, Wang ML, Li QQ, Zhang J, Zhang X, Chen S, Xie C, Ni Z, Sun Q, Gou JY. Suppression of ZEAXANTHIN EPOXIDASE 1 restricts stripe rust growth in wheat. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100608. [PMID: 37101397 PMCID: PMC10504589 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Reducing losses caused by pathogens is an effective strategy for stabilizing crop yields. Daunting challenges remain in cloning and characterizing genes that inhibit stripe rust, a devastating disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). We found that suppression of wheat zeaxanthin epoxidase 1 (ZEP1) increased wheat defense against Pst. We isolated the yellow rust slower 1 (yrs1) mutant of tetraploid wheat in which a premature stop mutation in ZEP1-B underpins the phenotype. Genetic analyses revealed increased H2O2 accumulation in zep1 mutants and demonstrated a correlation between ZEP1 dysfunction and slower Pst growth in wheat. Moreover, wheat kinase START 1.1 (WKS1.1, Yr36) bound, phosphorylated, and suppressed the biochemical activity of ZEP1. A rare natural allele in the hexaploid wheat ZEP1-B promoter reduced its transcription and Pst growth. Our study thus identified a novel suppressor of Pst, characterized its mechanism of action, and revealed beneficial variants for wheat disease control. This work opens the door to stacking wheat ZEP1 variants with other known Pst resistance genes in future breeding programs to enhance wheat tolerance to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yan Chang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shu-Xian Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Mei-Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yue-Ting Guo
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yan Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ci-Hang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ke-Xin Niu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Meng-Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qin-Quan Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Shisheng Chen
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China
| | - Chaojie Xie
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qixin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jin-Ying Gou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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8
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Jiang T, Du K, Xie J, Sun G, Wang P, Chen X, Cao Z, Wang B, Chao Q, Li X, Fan Z, Zhou T. Activated malate circulation contributes to the manifestation of light-dependent mosaic symptoms. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112333. [PMID: 37018076 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosaic symptoms are commonly observed in virus-infected plants. However, the underlying mechanism by which viruses cause mosaic symptoms as well as the key regulator(s) involved in this process remain unclear. Here, we investigate maize dwarf mosaic disease caused by sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). We find that the manifestation of mosaic symptoms in SCMV-infected maize plants requires light illumination and is correlated with mitochondrial reactive oxidative species (mROS) accumulation. The transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses results together with the genetic and cytopathological evidence indicate that malate and malate circulation pathways play essential roles in promoting mosaic symptom development. Specifically, at the pre-symptomatic infection stage or infection front, SCMV infection elevates the enzymatic activity of pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase by decreasing the phosphorylation of threonine527 under light, resulting in malate overproduction and subsequent mROS accumulation. Our findings indicate that activated malate circulation contributes to the manifestation of light-dependent mosaic symptoms via mROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kaitong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jipeng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Geng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiyan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Baichen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Qing Chao
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Zaifeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Wang J, Xu G, Ning Y, Wang X, Wang GL. Mitochondrial functions in plant immunity. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:1063-1076. [PMID: 35659746 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are energy factories of cells and are important for intracellular interactions with other organelles. Emerging evidence indicates that mitochondria play essential roles in the response to pathogen infection. During infection, pathogens deliver numerous enzymes and effectors into host cells, and some of these effectors target mitochondria, altering mitochondrial morphology, metabolism, and functions. To defend against pathogen attack, mitochondria are actively involved in changing intracellular metabolism, hormone-mediated signaling, and signal transduction, producing reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species and triggering programmed cell death. Additionally, mitochondria coordinate with other organelles to integrate and amplify diverse immune signals. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding how mitochondria function in plant immunity and how pathogens target mitochondria for host defense suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyang Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guojuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Yuese Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guo-Liang Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Hilleary R. Do mitochondria hold the key to understanding growth-defense tradeoffs? THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2118-2119. [PMID: 35349702 PMCID: PMC9134055 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
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