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Sun B, Huang J, Kong L, Gao C, Zhao F, Shen J, Wang T, Li K, Wang L, Wang Y, Halterman DA, Dong S. Alternative splicing of a potato disease resistance gene maintains homeostasis between growth and immunity. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:3729-3750. [PMID: 38941447 PMCID: PMC11371151 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Plants possess a robust and sophisticated innate immune system against pathogens and must balance growth with rapid pathogen detection and defense. The intracellular receptors with nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) motifs recognize pathogen-derived effector proteins and thereby trigger the immune response. The expression of genes encoding NLR receptors is precisely controlled in multifaceted ways. The alternative splicing (AS) of introns in response to infection is recurrently observed but poorly understood. Here we report that the potato (Solanum tuberosum) NLR gene RB undergoes AS of its intron, resulting in 2 transcriptional isoforms, which coordinately regulate plant immunity and growth homeostasis. During normal growth, RB predominantly exists as an intron-retained isoform RB_IR, encoding a truncated protein containing only the N-terminus of the NLR. Upon late blight infection, the pathogen induces intron splicing of RB, increasing the abundance of RB_CDS, which encodes a full-length and active R protein. By deploying the RB splicing isoforms fused with a luciferase reporter system, we identified IPI-O1 (also known as Avrblb1), the RB cognate effector, as a facilitator of RB AS. IPI-O1 directly interacts with potato splicing factor StCWC15, resulting in altered localization of StCWC15 from the nucleoplasm to the nucleolus and nuclear speckles. Mutations in IPI-O1 that eliminate StCWC15 binding also disrupt StCWC15 re-localization and RB intron splicing. Thus, our study reveals that StCWC15 serves as a surveillance facilitator that senses the pathogen-secreted effector and regulates the trade-off between RB-mediated plant immunity and growth, expanding our understanding of molecular plant-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biying Sun
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, the Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, the Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Liang Kong
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, the Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chuyun Gao
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, the Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, the Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiayong Shen
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, the Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, the Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kangping Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, the Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, the Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen Branch, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Yuanchao Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, the Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dennis A Halterman
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI 53706-1514, USA
| | - Suomeng Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, the Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Li W, Liu Z, Huang Y, Zheng J, Yang Y, Cao Y, Ding L, Meng Y, Shan W. Phytophthora infestans RXLR effector Pi23014 targets host RNA-binding protein NbRBP3a to suppress plant immunity. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13416. [PMID: 38279850 PMCID: PMC10777756 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Phytophthora infestans is a destructive oomycete that causes the late blight of potato and tomato worldwide. It secretes numerous small proteins called effectors in order to manipulate host cell components and suppress plant immunity. Identifying the targets of these effectors is crucial for understanding P. infestans pathogenesis and host plant immunity. In this study, we show that the virulence RXLR effector Pi23014 of P. infestans targets the host nucleus and chloroplasts. By using a liquid chromatogrpahy-tandem mass spectrometry assay and co-immunoprecipitation assasys, we show that it interacts with NbRBP3a, a putative glycine-rich RNA-binding protein. We confirmed the co-localization of Pi23014 and NbRBP3a within the nucleus, by using bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR assays showed that the expression of NbRBP3a was induced in Nicotiana benthamiana during P. infestans infection and the expression of marker genes for multiple defence pathways were significantly down-regulated in NbRBP3-silenced plants compared with GFP-silenced plants. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient overexpression of NbRBP3a significantly enhanced plant resistance to P. infestans. Mutations in the N-terminus RNA recognition motif (RRM) of NbRBP3a abolished its interaction with Pi23014 and eliminated its capability to enhance plant resistance to leaf colonization by P. infestans. We further showed that silencing NbRBP3 reduced photosystem II activity, reduced host photosynthetic efficiency, attenuated Pi23014-mediated suppression of cell death triggered by P. infestans pathogen-associated molecular pattern elicitor INF1, and suppressed plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyue Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency Production, and College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Zeming Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency Production, and College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Yuli Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency Production, and College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Jie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency Production, and College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency Production, and College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency Production, and College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Yimeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency Production, and College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Liwen Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency Production, and College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Yuling Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency Production, and College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Weixing Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency Production, and College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency Production, and College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
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Cheng K, Zhang C, Lu Y, Li J, Tang H, Ma L, Zhu H. The Glycine-Rich RNA-Binding Protein Is a Vital Post-Transcriptional Regulator in Crops. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3504. [PMID: 37836244 PMCID: PMC10575402 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Glycine-rich RNA binding proteins (GR-RBPs), a branch of RNA binding proteins (RBPs), play integral roles in regulating various aspects of RNA metabolism regulation, such as RNA processing, transport, localization, translation, and stability, and ultimately regulate gene expression and cell fate. However, our current understanding of GR-RBPs has predominantly been centered on Arabidopsis thaliana, a model plant for investigating plant growth and development. Nonetheless, an increasing body of literature has emerged in recent years, shedding light on the presence and functions of GRPs in diverse crop species. In this review, we not only delineate the distinctive structural domains of plant GR-RBPs but also elucidate several contemporary mechanisms of GR-RBPs in the post-transcriptional regulation of RNA. These mechanisms encompass intricate processes, including RNA alternative splicing, polyadenylation, miRNA biogenesis, phase separation, and RNA translation. Furthermore, we offer an exhaustive synthesis of the diverse roles that GR-RBPs fulfill within crop plants. Our overarching objective is to provide researchers and practitioners in the field of agricultural genetics with valuable insights that may inform and guide the application of plant genetic engineering for enhanced crop development and sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Cheng
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (K.C.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (H.T.); (L.M.)
| | - Chunjiao Zhang
- Supervision, Inspection & Testing Center of Agricultural Products Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Yao Lu
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (K.C.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (H.T.); (L.M.)
| | - Jinyan Li
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (K.C.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (H.T.); (L.M.)
| | - Hui Tang
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (K.C.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (H.T.); (L.M.)
| | - Liqun Ma
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (K.C.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (H.T.); (L.M.)
| | - Hongliang Zhu
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (K.C.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (H.T.); (L.M.)
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Piau M, Schmitt-Keichinger C. The Hypersensitive Response to Plant Viruses. Viruses 2023; 15:2000. [PMID: 37896777 PMCID: PMC10612061 DOI: 10.3390/v15102000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant proteins with domains rich in leucine repeats play important roles in detecting pathogens and triggering defense reactions, both at the cellular surface for pattern-triggered immunity and in the cell to ensure effector-triggered immunity. As intracellular parasites, viruses are mostly detected intracellularly by proteins with a nucleotide binding site and leucine-rich repeats but receptor-like kinases with leucine-rich repeats, known to localize at the cell surface, have also been involved in response to viruses. In the present review we report on the progress that has been achieved in the last decade on the role of these leucine-rich proteins in antiviral immunity, with a special focus on our current understanding of the hypersensitive response.
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