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Kim H, Kang HW, Hwang DY, Lee N, Kubota A, Imaizumi T, Song YH. Low temperature-mediated repression and far-red light-mediated induction determine morning FLOWERING LOCUS T expression levels. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:103-120. [PMID: 38088490 PMCID: PMC10829767 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In order to flower in the appropriate season, plants monitor light and temperature changes and alter downstream pathways that regulate florigen genes such as Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). In Arabidopsis, FT messenger RNA levels peak in the morning and evening under natural long-day conditions (LDs). However, the regulatory mechanisms governing morning FT induction remain poorly understood. The morning FT peak is absent in typical laboratory LDs characterized by high red:far-red light (R:FR) ratios and constant temperatures. Here, we demonstrate that ZEITLUPE (ZTL) interacts with the FT repressors TARGET OF EATs (TOEs), thereby repressing morning FT expression in natural environments. Under LDs with simulated sunlight (R:FR = 1.0) and daily temperature cycles, which are natural LD-mimicking environmental conditions, FT transcript levels in the ztl mutant were high specifically in the morning, a pattern that was mirrored in the toe1 toe2 double mutant. Low night-to-morning temperatures increased the inhibitory effect of ZTL on morning FT expression by increasing ZTL protein levels early in the morning. Far-red light counteracted ZTL activity by decreasing its abundance (possibly via phytochrome A (phyA)) while increasing GIGANTEA (GI) levels and negatively affecting the formation of the ZTL-GI complex in the morning. Therefore, the phyA-mediated high-irradiance response and GI play pivotal roles in morning FT induction. Our findings suggest that the delicate balance between low temperature-mediated ZTL activity and the far-red light-mediated functions of phyA and GI offers plants flexibility in fine-tuning their flowering time by controlling FT expression in the morning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayeon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Won Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Nayoung Lee
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Akane Kubota
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Takato Imaizumi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Young Hun Song
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Agricultural Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Zhu T, Yang SL, De Smet I. It is time to move: Heat-induced translocation events. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 75:102406. [PMID: 37354735 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Climate change-induced temperature fluctuations impact agricultural productivity through short-term intense heat waves or long-term heat stress. Plants have evolved sophisticated strategies to deal with heat stress. Understanding perception and transduction of heat signals from outside to inside cells is essential to improve plant thermotolerance. In this review, we will focus on translocation of molecules and proteins associated with signal transduction to understand how plant cells decode signals from the environment to trigger a suitable response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shao-Li Yang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ive De Smet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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3
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Paliocha M, Schubert M, Preston JC, Fjellheim S. Independent recruitment of FRUITFULL-like transcription factors in the convergent origins of vernalization-responsive grass flowering. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 179:107678. [PMID: 36535518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Flowering in response to low temperatures (vernalization) has evolved multiple times independently across angiosperms as an adaptation to match reproductive development with the short growing season of temperate habitats. Despite the context of a generally conserved flowering time network, evidence suggests that the genes underlying vernalization responsiveness are distinct across major plant clades. Whether different or similar mechanisms underlie vernalization-induced flowering at narrower (e.g., family-level) phylogenetic scales is not well understood. To test the hypothesis that vernalization responsiveness has evolved convergently in temperate species of the grass family (Poaceae), we carried out flowering time experiments with and without vernalization in several representative species from different subfamilies. We then determined the likelihood that vernalization responsiveness evolved through parallel mechanisms by quantifying the response of Pooideae vernalization pathway FRUITFULL (FUL)-like genes to extended periods of cold. Our results demonstrate that vernalization-induced flowering has evolved multiple times independently in at least five grass subfamilies, and that different combinations of FUL-like genes have been recruited to this pathway on several occasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Paliocha
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Marian Schubert
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Jill Christine Preston
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
| | - Siri Fjellheim
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
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Zhang Y, Liu B, Kong F, Chen L. Nutrient-mediated modulation of flowering time. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1101611. [PMID: 36743493 PMCID: PMC9894683 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1101611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition affects plant growth and development, including flowering. Flowering represents the transition from the vegetative period to the reproduction period and requires the consumption of nutrients. Moreover, nutrients (e.g., nitrate) act as signals that affect flowering. Regulation of flowering time is therefore intimately associated with both nutrient-use efficiency and crop yield. Here, we review current knowledge of the relationships between nutrients (primarily nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) and flowering, with the goal of deepening our understanding of how plant nutrition affects flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liyu Chen
- *Correspondence: Liyu Chen, ; Fanjiang Kong,
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5
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Hjertaas AC, Preston JC, Kainulainen K, Humphreys AM, Fjellheim S. Convergent evolution of the annual life history syndrome from perennial ancestors. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1048656. [PMID: 36684797 PMCID: PMC9846227 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1048656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite most angiosperms being perennial, once-flowering annuals have evolved multiple times independently, making life history traits among the most labile trait syndromes in flowering plants. Much research has focused on discerning the adaptive forces driving the evolution of annual species, and in pinpointing traits that distinguish them from perennials. By contrast, little is known about how 'annual traits' evolve, and whether the same traits and genes have evolved in parallel to affect independent origins of the annual syndrome. Here, we review what is known about the distribution of annuals in both phylogenetic and environmental space and assess the evidence for parallel evolution of annuality through similar physiological, developmental, and/or genetic mechanisms. We then use temperate grasses as a case study for modeling the evolution of annuality and suggest future directions for understanding annual-perennial transitions in other groups of plants. Understanding how convergent life history traits evolve can help predict species responses to climate change and allows transfer of knowledge between model and agriculturally important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane C. Hjertaas
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Jill C. Preston
- Department of Plant Biology, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Kent Kainulainen
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aelys M. Humphreys
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Siri Fjellheim
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Preston JC, Sinha NR, Torii KU, Kellogg EA. Plant structure and function: Evolutionary origins and underlying mechanisms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1-4. [PMID: 35775936 PMCID: PMC9434258 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jill C Preston
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Vermont, Vermont 05405, USA
| | - Neelima R Sinha
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Keiko U Torii
- Molecular Biosciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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