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Kummer K, Sheets PL. Targeting Prefrontal Cortex Dysfunction in Pain. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 389:268-276. [PMID: 38702195 PMCID: PMC11125798 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.002046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) has justifiably become a significant focus of chronic pain research. Collectively, decades of rodent and human research have provided strong rationale for studying the dysfunction of the PFC as a contributing factor in the development and persistence of chronic pain and as a key supraspinal mechanism for pain-induced comorbidities such as anxiety, depression, and cognitive decline. Chronic pain alters the structure, chemistry, and connectivity of PFC in both humans and rodents. In this review, we broadly summarize the complexities of reported changes within both rodent and human PFC caused by pain and offer insight into potential pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches for targeting PFC to treat chronic pain and pain-associated comorbidities. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Chronic pain is a significant unresolved medical problem causing detrimental changes to physiological, psychological, and behavioral aspects of life. Drawbacks of currently approved pain therapeutics include incomplete efficacy and potential for abuse producing a critical need for novel approaches to treat pain and comorbid disorders. This review provides insight into how manipulation of prefrontal cortex circuits could address this unmet need of more efficacious and safer pain therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kummer
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (K.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (P.L.S.), Medical Neurosciences Graduate Program (P.L.S.), and Stark Neurosciences Research Institute (P.L.S.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Patrick L Sheets
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (K.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (P.L.S.), Medical Neurosciences Graduate Program (P.L.S.), and Stark Neurosciences Research Institute (P.L.S.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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2
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Yao D, Chen Y, Chen G. The role of pain modulation pathway and related brain regions in pain. Rev Neurosci 2023; 34:899-914. [PMID: 37288945 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pain is a multifaceted process that encompasses unpleasant sensory and emotional experiences. The essence of the pain process is aversion, or perceived negative emotion. Central sensitization plays a significant role in initiating and perpetuating of chronic pain. Melzack proposed the concept of the "pain matrix", in which brain regions associated with pain form an interconnected network, rather than being controlled by a singular brain region. This review aims to investigate distinct brain regions involved in pain and their interconnections. In addition, it also sheds light on the reciprocal connectivity between the ascending and descending pathways that participate in pain modulation. We review the involvement of various brain areas during pain and focus on understanding the connections among them, which can contribute to a better understanding of pain mechanisms and provide opportunities for further research on therapies for improved pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yeru Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
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3
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Shen Z, Li W, Chang W, Yue N, Yu J. Sex differences in chronic pain-induced mental disorders: Mechanisms of cerebral circuitry. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1102808. [PMID: 36891517 PMCID: PMC9986270 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1102808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders such as anxiety and depression induced by chronic pain are common in clinical practice, and there are significant sex differences in their epidemiology. However, the circuit mechanism of this difference has not been fully studied, as preclinical studies have traditionally excluded female rodents. Recently, this oversight has begun to be resolved and studies including male and female rodents are revealing sex differences in the neurobiological processes behind mental disorder features. This paper reviews the structural functions involved in the injury perception circuit and advanced emotional cortex circuit. In addition, we also summarize the latest breakthroughs and insights into sex differences in neuromodulation through endogenous dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, GABAergic inhibition, norepinephrine, and peptide pathways like oxytocin, as well as their receptors. By comparing sex differences, we hope to identify new therapeutic targets to offer safer and more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuqi Shen
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqi Chang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Yue
- Weifang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Strath LJ, Sims AM, Overstreet DS, Penn TM, Bakshi RJ, Stansel BK, Quinn TL, Sorge RE, Long DL, Goodin BR. Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is Associated with Movement-Evoked Pain Severity in Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain: Sociodemographic Differences. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2022; 23:1437-1447. [PMID: 35417792 PMCID: PMC9356984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.03.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is one of the leading causes of pain and disability in adults in the United States and disproportionately burdens non-Hispanic Black (NHB) individuals and females. Approximately 90% of CLBP cases are of unknown cause, and it is imperative that potential causes be explored. It has been reported that diet quality can influence pain state via diet-induced inflammation. The present study assessed the relationship between Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and movement evoked-pain severity in people with CLBP and investigated whether race/sex moderated the relationship between DII and movement-evoked pain. Results revealed no significant differences in DII scores between males and females, or between NHB and non-Hispanic White (NHW) participants. Participant sex significantly modified the relationship between DII and movement-evoked pain severity (P = .0155), such that movement-evoked pain severity was significantly impacted by DII scores in females, but not males. Participant race did not significantly moderate the DII - movement-evoked pain severity relationship. These results suggest that diet-induced inflammation may impact the CLBP experiences of females to a greater degree than males. Further research is needed to determine whether dietary interventions that reduce inflammation improve CLBP outcomes and whether these interventions may be differentially-beneficial based on sex. PERSPECTIVE: This article highlights the impact of diet-induced inflammation in a community-based sample as a whole, as well as stratified in various sociodemographic groups. This work expands our understanding of the influence of diet on pain experience and suggests that modifications to diet may be efficacious treatments for reducing chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa J Strath
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Alabama
| | - Andrew M Sims
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Alabama
| | - Demario S Overstreet
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Alabama
| | - Terence M Penn
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Alabama
| | - Rahm J Bakshi
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Alabama
| | - Brooke K Stansel
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Alabama
| | - Tammie L Quinn
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Alabama
| | - Robert E Sorge
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Alabama.
| | - D Leann Long
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Alabama
| | - Burel R Goodin
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Alabama
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Neuroimaging Studies of Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome. Pain Res Manag 2022; 2022:9448620. [PMID: 35573644 PMCID: PMC9095382 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9448620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Evidence shows that chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome hugely impacts the body and mind. The central mechanisms in patients with CP/CPPS resulted in increased attention as neuroimaging techniques developed. This review investigated the study design and major neuroimaging findings in CP/CPPS patients to provide comprehensive evidence. Seven databases were searched and screened: PubMed, EMBASE/SCOPUS, Cochrane Library Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, Wanfang, and China Biology Medicine disc. Nine studies were eventually included in the analysis. The results demonstrate that the insula, anterior cingulate gyrus, postcentral gyrus, and precuneus are significantly associated with CP/CPPS patients' pain feelings and cause dysregulation of painful emotions, lowering patients' tolerance to stimulus.
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McDougall GJ, Pituch KA, Martorella G, Monroe TB. Senior WISE intervention: Gender differences in bodily pain and trait anxiety. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2021; 35:347-357. [PMID: 34176575 PMCID: PMC8239252 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this secondary analysis we tested whether 12 h of Senior WISE (Wisdom Is Simply Exploration) memory or health training with older adults would produce better outcomes by gender in perceptions of anxiety and bodily pain and whether the effects of the Senior WISE training on pain were mediated by anxiety. DESIGN An implemented Phase III randomized clinical trial with follow up for 24 months in Central Texas. The sample was mostly female (79%), 71% Caucasian, 17% Hispanic, and 12% African American with an average age of 75 and 13 years of education. RESULTS The effects of the memory intervention on anxiety were consistent across time, with effects present for males but not females at post-treatment and end-of-study. Although males had more anxiety in the health promotion group, the memory training reduced males' anxiety such that no gender difference was present in this group. The Senior WISE intervention reduced pain for both males and females at post-intervention but not at end-of-study. Although gender differences did not depend on the treatment group for pain, females reported somewhat, but not significantly, less pain at post-treatment and end-of-study. Mediation analysis indicated that, for males, the memory intervention indirectly affected pain at post-treatment, in part, by reducing anxiety, which lowered pain. However, at end-of-study, no indirect effect was present. Males responded to memory training. Training tailored to gender may increase the efficacy of the programs and "buy-in" from male participants, especially if tailored to anxiety and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham J McDougall
- Florida State University, College of Nursing, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4310, USA.
| | - Keenan A Pituch
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 North Third Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
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Atalla SW, Cowan RL, Anderson AR, Dietrich MS, Iversen L, Beth Kalvas L, Moss KO, Wright K, Monroe TB. Determining the impact of age and sex on the psychophysical and neurophysiological response to thermal pain across the adult lifespan. J Adv Nurs 2021; 77:1546-1555. [PMID: 33450111 PMCID: PMC7898385 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Determine sex- and age-associated psychophysical and neurophysiological differences in the processing of pain across the adult lifespan. DESIGN Preliminary, exploratory, cross-sectional study. METHODS Using psychophysics (to measure intensity and unpleasantness) and functional magnetic resonance imaging blood oxygenation level dependent methods (to measure stimulus-evoked brain activation), we will examine sex- and age-associated differences in thermal pain processing and their underlying neurophysiology in a broad range of healthy adults (ages 30-89). We will acquire resting state functional connectivity data for secondary analyses exploring whether resting state connectivity predicts psychophysical and neurophysiological responses to thermal pain. To examine the effects of altered blood flow, we will acquire resting-state arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging data to quantify resting cerebral blood flow. We will interpret findings in the context of a proposed neural model of pain, ageing, and sex. Study funding was received in June of 2014. Ethical approval was obtained from the Vanderbilt University IRB prior to study initiation. CONCLUSION Exploring the biological reasons for age- and sex-associated differences in pain processing will increase our understanding of pain in older adults. The paucity of neurobiological evidence to support best practice pain management in older adults places these individuals at risk for poor pain management. IMPACT Poorly treated pain in older adults is a critical public health problem associated with a poor quality of life and increased healthcare costs. Understanding how age and sex have an impact on central processing of pain across the lifespan is a critical step toward improving personalized pain medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian W. Atalla
- The Ohio State University College of NursingColumbusOHUSA
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center Psychiatric Neuroimaging ProgramNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Ronald L. Cowan
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center Psychiatric Neuroimaging ProgramNashvilleTNUSA
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center Institute of Imaging ScienceNashvilleTNUSA
- Vanderbilt University Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Alison R. Anderson
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center Psychiatric Neuroimaging ProgramNashvilleTNUSA
- Vanderbilt University School of NursingNashvilleTNUSA
| | | | - Larkin Iversen
- The Ohio State University College of NursingColumbusOHUSA
| | | | - Karen O. Moss
- The Ohio State University College of NursingColumbusOHUSA
| | - Kathy Wright
- The Ohio State University College of NursingColumbusOHUSA
| | - Todd B. Monroe
- The Ohio State University College of NursingColumbusOHUSA
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8
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Romano RR, Carter MA, Dietrich MS, Cowan RL, Bruehl SP, Monroe TB. Could Altered Evoked Pain Responsiveness Be a Phenotypic Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease Risk? A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Cognitively Healthy Individuals. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:1227-1233. [PMID: 33337380 PMCID: PMC7990440 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated whether the apolipoprotein ɛ4 (APOE4) allele, a genetic marker associated with increased risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), was associated with differences in evoked pain responsiveness in cognitively healthy subjects. OBJECTIVE The aim was to determine whether individuals at increased risk of late-onset AD based on APOE allele genotype differ phenotypically in their response to experimentally-induced painful stimuli compared to those who do not have at least one copy of the ɛ4 allele. METHODS Forty-nine cognitively healthy subjects aged 30-89 years old with the APOE4 allele (n = 12) and without (n = 37) were assessed for group differences in pain thresholds and affective (unpleasantness) responses to experimentally-induced thermal pain stimuli. RESULTS Statistically significant main effects of APOE4 status were observed for both the temperature at which three different pain intensity percepts were reached (p = 0.040) and the level of unpleasantness associated with each (p = 0.014). APOE4 positive participants displayed lower overall pain sensitivity than those who were APOE4 negative and also greater overall levels of pain unpleasantness regardless of intensity level. CONCLUSION Cognitively healthy APOE4 carriers at increased risk of late-onset AD demonstrated reduced thermal pain sensitivity but greater unpleasantness to thermal pain stimuli relative to individuals at lower risk of late-onset AD. These results suggest that altered evoked pain perception could potentially be used as a phenotypic biomarker of late-onset AD risk prior to disease onset. Additional studies of this issue may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond R. Romano
- College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michael A. Carter
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mary S. Dietrich
- School of Medicine (Biostatistics, Psychiatry) and School of Nursing, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ronald L. Cowan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Anatomy and Neurobiology,College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stephen P. Bruehl
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Todd B. Monroe
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Jarrin S, Pandit A, Roche M, Finn DP. Differential Role of Anterior Cingulate Cortical Glutamatergic Neurons in Pain-Related Aversion Learning and Nociceptive Behaviors in Male and Female Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:139. [PMID: 32848657 PMCID: PMC7431632 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is comprised of both sensory and affective components. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a key brain region involved in the emotional processing of pain. Specifically, glutamatergic transmission within the ACC has been shown to modulate pain-related aversion. In the present study, we use in vivo optogenetics to activate or silence, using channelrhodopsin (ChR2) and archaerhodopsin (ArchT) respectively, calmodulin-kinase IIα (CaMKIIα)-expressing excitatory glutamatergic neurons of the ACC during a formalin-induced conditioned place aversion (F-CPA) behavioral paradigm in both female and male adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Expression of c-Fos, a marker of neuronal activity, was assessed within the ACC using immunohistochemistry. Optogenetic inhibition of glutamatergic neurons of the ACC abolished F-CPA without affecting formalin-induced nociceptive behavior during conditioning. In male rats, optogenetic activation of ACC glutamatergic neurons decreased formalin-induced nociceptive behavior during conditioning without affecting F-CPA. Interestingly, the opposite effect was seen in females, where optogenetic activation of glutamatergic neurons of the ACC increased formalin-induced nociceptive behavior during conditioning. The abolition of F-CPA following optogenetic inhibition of glutamatergic neurons of the ACC was associated with a reduction in c-Fos immunoreactivity in the ACC in male rats, but not female rats. These results suggest that excitatory glutamatergic neurons of the ACC play differential and sex-dependent roles in the aversion learning and acute sensory components of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jarrin
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Centre for Pain Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michelle Roche
- Centre for Pain Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - David P Finn
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Centre for Pain Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Romano RR, Carter MA, Monroe TB. Narrative Review of Sensory Changes as a Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease. Biol Res Nurs 2020; 23:223-230. [PMID: 32799655 DOI: 10.1177/1099800420947176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Early recognition of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the prodromal period has not been robust yet will be necessary if effective disease-modifying drugs are to be useful in preventing or delaying the condition. The objective of this narrative review was to describe the current, evidenced based understanding of alterations in sensory data as potential biomarkers for AD. Review of empirical studies that tested senses as biomarkers for AD and were published in English within the past 50 years was completed. Eighteen empirical studies were identified that met the strict criteria for inclusion, with 12 of these studies being related to the olfactory system. Two studies examined auditory, two examined vision, one examined proprioception, and one examined taste. Thus, only olfaction has been studied to any extent, leaving a clear gap in the literature for the use of other senses. A promising area of research has begun to be reported concerning differences in responses to pain stimuli in AD relative to cognitively normal subjects. Pain is not a single sense like the others but integrates several senses and may allow for use as an early biomarker for AD, as it integrates several brain areas and pathways. Unlike the other senses, simple devices can be used to measure changes in pain perception in cognitively normal adults with genetic predispositions for possible AD, making this potentially useful for clinicians in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond R Romano
- College of Nursing, 12326University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michael A Carter
- College of Nursing, 12326University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Todd B Monroe
- College of Nursing, 2647Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the inception of magnetic resonance imaging, thousands of studies have appeared in the literature reporting on multiple imaging techniques. However, there is a paucity of neuroimaging research programs developed by nurse scientists. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this article is to introduce the nurse scientist to complex neuroimaging methods with the ultimate goal of creating impetus for future use of brain imaging in nursing research. METHODS This article reviews common neuroimaging methods, presents vocabulary frequently used in neuroimaging work, provides information on access to resources in neuroimaging education, and discusses considerations for use of neuroimaging in research. RESULTS Ten imaging modalities are reviewed, including structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, positron emission tomography, and encephalography. DISCUSSION Choosing an imaging modality for research depends on the nature of the research question, needs of the patient population of interest, and resources available to the novice and seasoned nurse scientist. Neuroimaging has the potential to innovate the study of symptom science and encourage interdisciplinary collaboration in research.
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Adolescent sex differences in cortico-subcortical functional connectivity during response inhibition. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 20:1-18. [PMID: 31111341 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-019-00718-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Numerous lines of evidence have shown that cognitive processes engaged during response inhibition tasks are associated with structure and functional integration of regions within fronto-parietal networks. However, while prior studies have started to characterize how intrinsic connectivity during resting state differs between boys and girls, comparatively less is known about how functional connectivity differs between males and females when brain function is exogenously driven by the processing demands of typical Go/No-Go tasks that assess both response inhibition and error processing. The purpose of this study was to characterize adolescent sex differences and possible changes in sexually dimorphic regional functional connectivity across adolescent development in both cortical and subcortical brain connectivity elicited during a visual Go/No-Go task. A total of 130 healthy adolescents (ages 12-25 years) performed a Go/No-Go task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. High model-order group independent component analysis was used to characterize whole-brain network functional connectivity during response inhibition and then a univariate technique used to evaluate differences related to sex and age. As predicted and similar to previously described findings from non-task-driven resting state connectivity studies, functional connectivity sex differences were observed in several subcortical regions, including the amygdala, caudate, thalamus, and cortical regions, including inferior frontal gyrus engaged most strongly during successful response inhibition and/or error processing. Importantly, adolescent boys and girls exhibited different normative profiles of age-related changes in several default mode networks of regions and anterior cingulate cortex. These results suggest that cortical-subcortical functional networks supporting response inhibition operate differently between sexes during adolescence.
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Abstract
Clinical conditions resulting in musculoskeletal pain show important sex differences in both prevalence and degree of functional disability. The underlying mechanisms for these distinctions in pain manifestation are not fully known. However, recent preclinical studies have shown at the primary afferent level that males and females present fundamental differences in their peripheral response properties and injury-related gene expression patterns that may underlie observed afferent sensitization. At the spinal cord level, studies in various models of pain suggest important roles for the immune system, glutamate signaling and hormones in modulating sex differences. While preclinical studies have been able to characterize some of the basic underlying molecular mechanisms of sex differences in muscle pain, human studies have relied mainly on functional brain imaging studies to explain differences. Further complicating our understanding of how sex influences muscle pain is the notion that the type of injury sustained, or clinical condition may differentially activate distinct mechanisms of muscle pain development in males versus females. More research is necessary to better understand how the sexes differ in their perception of muscle pain. This review highlights recent advances in both human and animal studies of sex differences in muscle pain.
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Ulbricht CM, Hunnicutt JN, Gambassi G, Hume AL, Lapane KL. Nonmalignant Pain Symptom Subgroups in Nursing Home Residents. J Pain Symptom Manage 2019; 57:535-544.e1. [PMID: 30508639 PMCID: PMC6690183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Despite many nursing home residents experiencing pain, research about the multidimensional nature of nonmalignant pain in these residents is scant. OBJECTIVES To identify and describe pain symptom subgroups and to evaluate whether subgroups differed by sex. METHODS Using Minimum Data Set 3.0 data (2011-2012), we identified newly admitted nursing home residents reporting pain (n = 119,379). A latent class analysis included 13 indicators: markers for pain (i.e., severity, frequency, impacts sleep, and function) and depressive symptoms. Sex was evaluated as a grouping variable. Multinomial logistic models identified the association between latent class membership and covariates, including age and cognitive impairment. RESULTS Four latent subgroups were identified: severe (15.2%), moderate frequent (26.4%), moderate occasional with depressive symptoms (26.4%), and moderate occasional without depressive symptoms (32.0%). Measurement invariance by sex was ruled out. Depressed mood, sleep disturbances, and fatigue distinguished subgroups. Age ≥75 years was inversely associated with belonging to the severe, moderate frequent, or moderate occasional with depressive symptoms subgroups. Residents with severe cognitive impairment had reduced odds of membership in the severe pain subgroup (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78-0.90) and moderate frequent pain subgroup (aOR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.56-0.64) but increased odds in the moderate occasional pain with depressive symptoms subgroup (aOR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.06-1.18). CONCLUSION Identifying subgroups of residents with different patterns of pain and depressive symptoms highlights the need to consider physical and psychological components of pain. Expanding knowledge about pain symptom subgroups may provide a promising avenue to improve pain management in nursing home residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Ulbricht
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacob N Hunnicutt
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; Clinical and Population Health Research Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Giovanni Gambassi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Anne L Hume
- University of Rhode Island College of Pharmacy, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Kate L Lapane
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
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16
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Cowan RL, Beach PA, Atalla SW, Dietrich MS, Bruehl SP, Deng J, Wang J, Newhouse PA, Gore JC, Monroe TB. Sex Differences in the Psychophysical Response to Contact Heat in Moderate Cognitive Impairment Alzheimer's Disease: A Cross-Sectional Brief Report. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 60:1633-1640. [PMID: 28968238 PMCID: PMC5676864 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: People with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) report pain less frequently and receive less pain medication than people without AD. Recent studies have begun to elucidate how pain may be altered in those with AD. However, potential sex differences in pain responsiveness have never been explored in these patients. It is unclear whether sex differences found in prior studies of healthy young and older individuals extend to people with AD. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine sex differences in the psychophysical response to experimental thermal pain in people with AD. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 14 male and 14 female age-matched (≥65 years of age, median = 74) and AD severity-matched (Mini-Mental State Exam score <24, median = 16) communicative people who completed thermal psychophysics. Results: There was a statistically significant main effect of sex for both temperature and unpleasantness ratings that persisted after controlling for average and current pain (mixed-effects general liner model: temperature: p = 0.004, unpleasantness: p < 0.001). Females reported sensing mild pain and moderate pain percepts at markedly lower temperatures than did males (mild: Cohen’s d = 0.72, p = 0.051, moderate: Cohen’s d = 0.80, p = 0.036). By contrast, males rated mild and moderate thermal pain stimuli as more unpleasant than did females (mild: Cohen’s d = 0.80, p = 0.072, moderate: Cohen’s d = 1.32, p = 0.006). There were no statistically significant correlations of temperature with perceived unpleasantness for mild or moderate pain (rs = 0.29 and rs = 0.20 respectively, p > 0.05). Conclusions: Results suggest experimental pain-related sex differences persist in older adults with AD in a different manner than those previously demonstrated in cognitively intact older adults. These findings could potentially aid in developing targeted pain management approaches in this vulnerable population. Further studies are warranted to replicate the findings from this pilot work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald L Cowan
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt University Medical Center Psychiatric Neuroimaging Program, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt University Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Paul A Beach
- Emory University School of Medicine Department of Neurology, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Sebastian W Atalla
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center Psychiatric Neuroimaging Program, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mary S Dietrich
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center Psychiatric Neuroimaging Program, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt University Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Jie Deng
- Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jinjiao Wang
- Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Paul A Newhouse
- Vanderbilt University Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Cognitive Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John C Gore
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Todd B Monroe
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt University Medical Center Psychiatric Neuroimaging Program, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt University Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, Nashville, TN, USA
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17
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Xiao T, Zhang S, Lee LE, Chao HH, van Dyck C, Li CSR. Exploring Age-Related Changes in Resting State Functional Connectivity of the Amygdala: From Young to Middle Adulthood. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:209. [PMID: 30061823 PMCID: PMC6055042 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional connectivities of the amygdala support emotional and cognitive processing. Life-span development of resting-state functional connectivities (rsFC) of the amygdala may underlie age-related differences in emotion regulatory mechanisms. To date, age-related changes in amygdala rsFC have been reported through adolescence but not as thoroughly for adulthood. This study investigated age-related differences in amygdala rsFC in 132 young and middle-aged adults (19–55 years). Data processing followed published routines. Overall, amygdala showed positive rsFC with the temporal, sensorimotor and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), insula and lentiform nucleus, and negative rsFC with visual, frontoparietal, and posterior cingulate cortex and caudate head. Amygdala rsFC with the cerebellum was positively correlated with age, and rsFCs with the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and somatomotor cortex were negatively correlated with age, at voxel p < 0.001 in combination with cluster p < 0.05 FWE. These age-dependent changes in connectivity appeared to manifest to a greater extent in men than in women, although the sex difference was only evident for the cerebellum in a slope test of age regressions (p = 0.0053). Previous studies showed amygdala interaction with the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and vmPFC during emotion regulation. In region of interest analysis, amygdala rsFC with the ACC and vmPFC did not show age-related changes. These findings suggest that intrinsic connectivity of the amygdala evolved from young to middle adulthood in selective brain regions, and may inform future studies of age-related emotion regulation and maladaptive development of the amygdala circuits as an etiological marker of emotional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Lue-En Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Herta H Chao
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Christopher van Dyck
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
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18
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Anderson AR, Parish AL, Monroe T. Assessment and management of pain in persons with dementia. Geriatr Nurs 2018; 39:358-360. [PMID: 32255885 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Todd Monroe
- Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (Psychiatry & Behavioral Health), Nashville, TN, USA
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19
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Dai YJ, Zhang X, Yang Y, Nan HY, Yu Y, Sun Q, Yan LF, Hu B, Zhang J, Qiu ZY, Gao Y, Cui GB, Chen BL, Wang W. Gender differences in functional connectivities between insular subdivisions and selective pain-related brain structures. J Headache Pain 2018. [PMID: 29541875 PMCID: PMC5852124 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-018-0849-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of pain disorders in women is higher than in men, making gender differences in pain a research focus. The human insular cortex is an important brain hub structure for pain processing and is divided into several subdivisions, serving different functions in pain perception. Here we aimed to examine the gender differences of the functional connectivities (FCs) between the twelve insular subdivisions and selected pain-related brain structures in healthy adults. Methods Twenty-six healthy males and 11 age-matched healthy females were recruited in this cross-sectional study. FCs between the 12 insular subdivisions (as 12 regions of interest (ROIs)) and the whole brain (ROI-whole brain level) or 64 selected pain-related brain regions (64 ROIs, ROI-ROI level) were measured between the males and females. Results Significant gender differences in the FCs of the insular subdivisions were revealed: (1) The FCs between the dorsal dysgranular insula (dId) and other brain regions were significantly increased in males using two different techniques (ROI-whole brain and ROI-ROI analyses); (2) Based on the ROI-whole brain analysis, the FC increases in 4 FC-pairs were observed in males, including the left dId - the right median cingulate and paracingulate/ right posterior cingulate gyrus/ right precuneus, the left dId - the right median cingulate and paracingulate, the left dId - the left angular as well as the left dId - the left middle frontal gyrus; (3) According to the ROI-ROI analysis, increased FC between the left dId and the right rostral anterior cingulate cortex was investigated in males. Conclusion In summary, the gender differences in the FCs of the insular subdivisions with pain-related brain regions were revealed in the current study, offering neuroimaging evidence for gender differences in pain processing. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02820974. Registered 28 June 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Dai
- Department of Radiology & Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, the Military Medical University of PLA Airforce (Fourth Military Medical University), 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710038, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, the Military Medical University of PLA Airforce (Fourth Military Medical University), 15 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xijing Hospital, the Military Medical University of PLA Airforce (Fourth Military Medical University), 15 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Radiology & Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, the Military Medical University of PLA Airforce (Fourth Military Medical University), 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710038, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Radiology & Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, the Military Medical University of PLA Airforce (Fourth Military Medical University), 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710038, China
| | - Hai-Yan Nan
- Department of Radiology & Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, the Military Medical University of PLA Airforce (Fourth Military Medical University), 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710038, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Radiology & Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, the Military Medical University of PLA Airforce (Fourth Military Medical University), 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710038, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Radiology & Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, the Military Medical University of PLA Airforce (Fourth Military Medical University), 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710038, China
| | - Lin-Feng Yan
- Department of Radiology & Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, the Military Medical University of PLA Airforce (Fourth Military Medical University), 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710038, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Radiology & Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, the Military Medical University of PLA Airforce (Fourth Military Medical University), 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710038, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Radiology & Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, the Military Medical University of PLA Airforce (Fourth Military Medical University), 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710038, China
| | - Zi-Yu Qiu
- Student Brigade, the Military Medical University of PLA Airforce (Fourth Military Medical University), 169 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Student Brigade, the Military Medical University of PLA Airforce (Fourth Military Medical University), 169 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Guang-Bin Cui
- Department of Radiology & Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, the Military Medical University of PLA Airforce (Fourth Military Medical University), 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710038, China.
| | - Bi-Liang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, the Military Medical University of PLA Airforce (Fourth Military Medical University), 15 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China.
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Radiology & Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, the Military Medical University of PLA Airforce (Fourth Military Medical University), 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710038, China.
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