1
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Veselov M, Uporov IV, Efremova MV, Le-Deygen IM, Prusov AN, Shchetinin IV, Savchenko AG, Golovin YI, Kabanov AV, Klyachko NL. Modulation of α-Chymotrypsin Conjugated to Magnetic Nanoparticles by the Non-Heating Low-Frequency Magnetic Field: Molecular Dynamics, Reaction Kinetics, and Spectroscopy Analysis. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:20644-20655. [PMID: 35755395 PMCID: PMC9219078 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes conjugated to magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) undergo changes in the catalytic activity of the non-heating low-frequency magnetic field (LFMF). We apply in silico simulations by molecular dynamics (MD) and in vitro spectroscopic analysis of the enzyme kinetics and secondary structure to study α-chymotrypsin (CT) conjugated to gold-coated iron oxide MNPs. The latter are functionalized by either carboxylic or amino group moieties to vary the points of enzyme attachment. The MD simulation suggests that application of the stretching force to the CT globule by its amino or carboxylic groups causes shrinkage of the substrate-binding site but little if any changes in the catalytic triad. Consistent with this, in CT conjugated to MNPs by either amino or carboxylic groups, LFMF alters the Michaelis-Menten constant but not the apparent catalytic constant k cat (= V max/[E]o). Irrespective of the point of conjugation to MNPs, the CT secondary structure was affected with nearly complete loss of α-helices and increase in the random structures in LFMF, as shown by attenuated total reflection Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. Both the catalytic activity and the protein structure of MNP-CT conjugates restored 3 h after the field exposure. We believe that such remotely actuated systems can find applications in advanced manufacturing, nanomedicine, and other areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim
M. Veselov
- School
of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Igor V. Uporov
- School
of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Maria V. Efremova
- School
of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- National
University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, Moscow 119049, Russia
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Irina M. Le-Deygen
- School
of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - Igor V. Shchetinin
- National
University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | | | - Yuri I. Golovin
- School
of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- G.R.
Derzhavin Tambov State University, Tambov 392000, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Kabanov
- School
of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Center
for
Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7362, United States
| | - Natalia L. Klyachko
- School
of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Center
for
Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7362, United States
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2
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Liu S, Bilal M, Rizwan K, Gul I, Rasheed T, Iqbal HMN. Smart chemistry of enzyme immobilization using various support matrices - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 190:396-408. [PMID: 34506857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The surface chemistry, pendent functional entities, and ease in tunability of various materials play a central role in properly coordinating with enzymes for immobilization purposes. Due to the interplay between the new wave of support matrices and enzymes, the development of robust biocatalytic constructs via protein engineering expands the practical scope and tunable catalysis functions. The concept of stabilization via functional entities manipulation, the surface that comprises functional groups, such as thiol, aldehyde, carboxylic, amine, and epoxy have been the important driving force for immobilizing purposes. Enzyme immobilization using multi-functional supports has become a powerful norm and presents noteworthy characteristics, such as selectivity, specificity, stability, resistivity, induce activity, reaction efficacy, multi-usability, high catalytic turnover, optimal yield, ease in recovery, and cost-effectiveness. There is a plethora of literature on traditional immobilization approaches, e.g., intramolecular chemical (covalent) attachment, adsorption, encapsulation, entrapment, and cross-linking. However, the existing literature is lacking state-of-the-art smart chemistry of immobilization. This review is a focused attempt to cover the literature gap of surface functional entities that interplay between support materials at large and enzyme of interest, in particular, to tailor robust biocatalysts to fulfill the growing and contemporary needs of several industrial sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
| | - Komal Rizwan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Gul
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Guangdong Province 518055, China
| | - Tahir Rasheed
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
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3
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Mukhopadhayay A, Singh D, Sharma KP. Neat Ionic liquid and α-Chymotrypsin-Polymer Surfactant Conjugate-Based Biocatalytic Solvent. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:867-877. [PMID: 31841313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Performing biocatalysis in nonaqueous solvents is advantageous as it imparts enhanced solubility to hydrophobic substrates and an ability to increase the temperature for shifting reaction equilibrium in the forward direction. In this work, we show the design and development of another class of nonaqueous composite solvent obtained by mixing surface modified enzyme and neat ionic liquid (IL). We systematically probe the interaction and solubility of industrially relevant α-chymotrypsin in its native or surface-bound polymer-surfactant bioconjugated form, with neat protic (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidonium trifluoromethanesulfonate; [NMP][OTf]), or aprotic (1-methyl-3-(4-sulfobutyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium trifluoromethanesulfonate; [HO3S(CH2)4MIm][OTf]), ILs. Polarized optical micrographs show that the lyophilized powder of native α-chymotrypsin, nCT, does not disperse in either of the neat ILs, however, its polymer surfactant (PS)-coated bioconjugate counterparts, PScCT, in the waterless state, can be well-dispersed and solubilized in the neat [HO3S(CH2)4MIm][OTf]. The solubilization of waterless bioconjugates of PScCT in neat aprotic IL provides a composite liquid, WL-ImPScCT (WL: waterless, Im: [HO3S(CH2)4MIm][OTf]), having a viscosity of 69.6 Pa·s at 25 °C with a shear-thinning behavior, ≈ 15 w/w % α-chymotrypsin, and ≈ 1.2 w/w % residual water content. Detailed secondary structural analysis using circular dichroism and Fourier self-deconvolution on the ATR-FTIR data of WL-ImPScCT liquid reveals retention of the near native secondary structure of α-chymotrypsin. Further, using a combination of fluorescence spectroscopy and electron spray ionization mass spectrometry, we show that scattering of dry and powdered bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein on the WL-ImPScCT composite liquid results in the solubilization of the former, followed by limited proteolysis of BSA by the α-chymotrypsin. Our results, therefore, show the stabilization of α-chymotrypsin in a neat aprotic IL environment to yield a composite liquid, which not only acts as a nonaqueous, nonvolatile, and environmentally benign solvent, but also provides a biocatalytic platform capable of carrying out reactions relevant for biotransformations, food processing, drug delivery, and various other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anasua Mukhopadhayay
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai 400076 , India
| | - Dharmendra Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai 400076 , India
| | - Kamendra P Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai 400076 , India
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4
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Yan J, Li Z, Liu M, Sun X, Ma L, Wang Z, Zhao Z, Huang X, Yuan L. Activity adaptability of a DhHP-6 peroxidase-mimic in wide pH and temperature ranges and solvent media. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01855g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Deuterohemin-β-Ala-His-Thr-Val-Glu-Lys (DhHp-6): peroxidase with high activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Yan
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Life Science
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Zhengqiang Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Life Science
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Min Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Physics
- Georgia Southern University
- Statesboro
- USA
| | - Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Life Science
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Zijian Zhao
- Institute of Agro-food Technology
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Xuri Huang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- China
| | - Long Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education
- College of Physics
- Jilin Normal University
- Changchun 130103
- China
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5
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Chapman R, Stenzel MH. All Wrapped up: Stabilization of Enzymes within Single Enzyme Nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:2754-2769. [PMID: 30621398 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes are extremely useful in many industrial and pharmaceutical areas due to their ability to catalyze reactions with high selectivity. In order to extend their lifetime, significant efforts have been made to increase their stability using protein- or medium engineering as well as by chemical modification. Many researchers have explored the immobilization of enzymes onto carriers, or entrapment within a matrix, framework or nanoparticle with the hope of constricting the movement of the enzyme and shielding it from aggressive environments, thus delaying the denaturation. These strategies often balance three competing interests: (i) maintaining high enzymatic activity, (ii) ensuring good long-term stability against temperature, dehydration, organic solvents, and or aggressive pH, and (iii) enabling a tuning or reversible switching of enzyme activity. In most cases, multiple enzymes will be contained within a single nanoparticle or matrix, but in recent years researchers have begun to wrap up individual enzymes within single enzyme nanoparticles (SENs). In these nanoparticles the enzyme is stabilized by a thin shell, typically a polymer, prepared either by in situ polymerization from the enzyme surface or by assembling a preformed polymer around it. Because of the increased control over the environment directly around the enzyme, and the possibility of more directly controlling substrate diffusion, many SENs show remarkable stability while retaining high initial activities even for quite fragile enzymes. Moreover, the activity of the enzyme can often be more easily fine-tuned by adjusting the layer properties. We postulate that this emerging field will offer exciting and elegant opportunities to both extend the catalytic lifetime of enzymes in aggressive solvents, temperatures and pH, and enable their activity to be switched on and off on demand by modulation of the outer material layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Chapman
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry , University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Martina H Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry , University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
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6
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Bilal M, Rasheed T, Zhao Y, Iqbal HMN, Cui J. "Smart" chemistry and its application in peroxidase immobilization using different support materials. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:278-290. [PMID: 30041033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, the enzyme immobilization technology has been exploited a lot and thus became a matter of rational design. Immobilization is an alternative approach to bio-catalysis with the added benefits, adaptability to automation and high-throughput applications. Immobilization-based approaches represent simple but effective routes for engineering enzyme catalysts with higher activities than wild-type or pristine counterparts. From the chemistry viewpoint, the concept of stabilization via manipulation of functional entities, the enzyme surfaces have been an important driving force for immobilizing purposes. In addition, the unique physiochemical and structural functionalities of pristine or engineered cues, or insoluble support matrices (carrier) such as mean particle diameter, swelling behavior, mechanical strength, and compression behavior are of supreme interest and importance for the performance of the immobilized systems. Immobilization of peroxidases into/onto insoluble support matrices is advantageous for practical applications due to convenience in handling, ease separation of enzymes from a reaction mixture and the reusability. A plethora of literature is available explaining individual immobilization system. However, current literature lacks the chemistry viewpoint of immobilization. This review work presents state-of-the-art "Smart" chemistry of immobilization and novel potentialities of several materials-based cues with different geometries including microspheres, hydrogels and polymeric membranes, nanoparticles, nanofibers, composite and hybrid or blended support materials. The involvement of various functional groups including amino, thiol, carboxylic, hydroxyl, and epoxy groups via "click" chemistry, amine chemistry, thiol chemistry, carboxyl chemistry, and epoxy chemistry over the protein surfaces is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Tahir Rasheed
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuping Zhao
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. CP 64849, Mexico.
| | - Jiandong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No 29, 13th, Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin 300457, China.
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7
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Silva C, Martins M, Jing S, Fu J, Cavaco-Paulo A. Practical insights on enzyme stabilization. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:335-350. [PMID: 28764566 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1355294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes are efficient catalysts designed by nature to work in physiological environments of living systems. The best operational conditions to access and convert substrates at the industrial level are different from nature and normally extreme. Strategies to isolate enzymes from extremophiles can redefine new operational conditions, however not always solving all industrial requirements. The stability of enzymes is therefore a key issue on the implementation of the catalysts in industrial processes which require the use of extreme environments that can undergo enzyme instability. Strategies for enzyme stabilization have been exhaustively reviewed, however they lack a practical approach. This review intends to compile and describe the most used approaches for enzyme stabilization highlighting case studies in a practical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Silva
- a Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB) , University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Madalena Martins
- a Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB) , University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Su Jing
- b International Joint Research Laboratory for Textile and Fiber Bioprocesses , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
| | - Jiajia Fu
- c Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles , Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu , China
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- a Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB) , University of Minho , Braga , Portugal.,b International Joint Research Laboratory for Textile and Fiber Bioprocesses , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
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8
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Prabhu RR, Parashar D, Satyanarayana T. Production and characteristics of the recombinant extracellular bifunctional endoglucanase of the polyextremophilic bacterium Bacillus halodurans and its applicability in saccharifying agro-residues. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 40:651-662. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-016-1730-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Satish L, Millan S, Sahoo H. Spectroscopic insight into the interaction of bovine serum albumin with imidazolium-based ionic liquids in aqueous solution. LUMINESCENCE 2016; 32:695-705. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.3239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lakkoji Satish
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology Rourkela; Rourkela Odisha India
| | - Sabera Millan
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology Rourkela; Rourkela Odisha India
| | - Harekrushna Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology Rourkela; Rourkela Odisha India
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10
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Maurya AK, Parashar D, Satyanarayana T. Bioprocess for the production of recombinant HAP phytase of the thermophilic mold Sporotrichum thermophile and its structural and biochemical characteristics. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 94:36-44. [PMID: 27697488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Thermophilc mold Sporotrichum thermophile secretes an acidstable and thermostable phytase, which finds application as a food and feed additive because of its adequate thermostability, acid stability, protease insensitivity and broad substrate spectrum. Low extracellular phytase production by the mold is a major bottleneck for its application on a commercial scale. We have successfully overcome this problem by constitutive secretary expression of codon optimized rStPhy under glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAP) promoter in Pichia pastoris. A ∼41-fold improvement in rStPhy production has been achieved. Circular Dichroism (CD) spectra revealed that rStPhy is composed of 26.65% α-helices, 5.26% β-sheets and 68.09% random coils at pH 5.0 and 60°C, the optima for the enzyme activity. The melting temperature (Tm) of the enzyme is ∼73°C. The 3D structure of rStPhy displayed characteristic signature sequences (RHGXRXP and HD) of HAP phytase. The catalytically important amino acids (Arg74, His75, Arg78, His368 and Asp369) were identified by docking and site directed mutagenesis. Fluorescence quenching by N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and CsCl exposed tryptophan residues surrounded by negative charges, which play a key role in maintaining structural integrity of rStPhy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anay Kumar Maurya
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Deepak Parashar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - T Satyanarayana
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
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11
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Catalytic activity and structural stability of three different Bacillus enzymes in water/organic co-solvent mixtures. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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12
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THERMOSTABILIZATION OF Eupenicillium erubescens AND Cryptococcus albidus α -L-RHAMNOSIDASES BY CHEMICAL REAGENTS. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2016. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech9.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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13
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Majouga A, Sokolsky-Papkov M, Kuznetsov A, Lebedev D, Efremova M, Beloglazkina E, Rudakovskaya P, Veselov M, Zyk N, Golovin Y, Klyachko N, Kabanov A. Enzyme-functionalized gold-coated magnetite nanoparticles as novel hybrid nanomaterials: synthesis, purification and control of enzyme function by low-frequency magnetic field. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 125:104-9. [PMID: 25460600 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of remotely inducing a defined effect on NPs by means of electromagnetic radiation appears attractive. From a practical point of view, this effect opens horizons for remote control of drug release systems, as well as modulation of biochemical functions in cells. Gold-coated magnetite nanoparticles are perfect candidates for such application. Herein, we have successfully synthesized core-shell NPs having magnetite cores and gold shells modified with various sulphur containing ligands and developed a new, simple and robust procedure for the purification of the resulting nanoparticles. The carboxylic groups displayed at the surface of the NPs were utilized for NP conjugation with a model enzyme (ChT). In the present study, we report the effect of the low-frequency AC magnetic field on the catalytic activity of the immobilized ChT. We show that the enzyme activity decreases upon exposure of the NPs to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Majouga
- Laboratory of Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation; National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Leninsky Ave, 4, 119049 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Marina Sokolsky-Papkov
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Artem Kuznetsov
- Laboratory of Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Lebedev
- Laboratory of Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation
| | - Maria Efremova
- Laboratory of Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Beloglazkina
- Laboratory of Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation
| | - Polina Rudakovskaya
- Laboratory of Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim Veselov
- Laboratory of Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay Zyk
- Laboratory of Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri Golovin
- Laboratory of Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation; R.G. Derzhavin Tambov State University, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Klyachko
- Laboratory of Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexander Kabanov
- Laboratory of Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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14
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Gupta BS, Taha M, Lee MJ. Superactivity of α-chymotrypsin with biological buffers, TRIS, TES, TAPS, and TAPSO in aqueous solutions. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09434d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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15
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Modification of Lysine Residues of Horseradish Peroxidase and Its Effect on Stability and Structure of the Enzyme. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 172:3558-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0756-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Stepankova V, Damborsky J, Chaloupkova R. Organic co-solvents affect activity, stability and enantioselectivity of haloalkane dehalogenases. Biotechnol J 2013; 8:719-29. [PMID: 23420811 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Haloalkane dehalogenases are microbial enzymes with a wide range of biotechnological applications, including biocatalysis. The use of organic co-solvents to solubilize their hydrophobic substrates is often necessary. In order to choose the most compatible co-solvent, the effects of 14 co-solvents on activity, stability and enantioselectivity of three model enzymes, DbjA, DhaA, and LinB, were evaluated. All co-solvents caused at high concentration loss of activity and conformational changes. The highest inactivation was induced by tetrahydrofuran, while more hydrophilic co-solvents, such as ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide, were better tolerated. The effects of co-solvents at low concentration were different for each enzyme-solvent pair. An increase in DbjA activity was induced by the majority of organic co-solvents tested, while activities of DhaA and LinB decreased at comparable concentrations of the same co-solvent. Moreover, a high increase of DbjA enantioselectivity was observed. Ethylene glycol and 1,4-dioxane were shown to have the most positive impact on the enantioselectivity. The favorable influence of these co-solvents on both activity and enantioselectivity makes DbjA suitable for biocatalytic applications. This study represents the first investigation of the effects of organic co-solvents on the biocatalytic performance of haloalkane dehalogenases and will pave the way for their broader use in industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Stepankova
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Xu J, Zhuang Y, Wu B, Su L, He B. Calcium-ion-induced stabilization of the protease from Bacillus cereus WQ9-2 in aqueous hydrophilic solvents: effect of calcium ion binding on the hydration shell and intramolecular interactions. J Biol Inorg Chem 2013; 18:211-221. [PMID: 23322168 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-012-0966-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The neutral protease WQ from Bacillus cereus is stable in various aqueous organic mixtures, with the exception of those containing acetonitrile (ACN) and dimethylformamide (DMF). The stability of the enzyme in aqueous hydrophilic solvents was dramatically enhanced with the addition of calcium ions, with the degree of improvement in the half-life relative to different solutions ranging from fourfold to more than 70-fold. Studies of the kinetic constants showed that calcium ions induced slight conformational changes in the active site of the enzyme in aqueous ACN. We investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying this stabilizing effect by employing a combination of biophysical techniques and molecular dynamics simulation. In aqueous ACN, the intrinsic fluorescence and circular dichroism analysis demonstrated that the addition of calcium ions induced a relatively compact conformation and maintained both the native-like microenvironment near the tryptophan residues and the secondary structure. Alternatively, homology modeling confirmed the location of four calcium-ion-binding sites in the enzyme, and molecular dynamics simulation revealed that three other calcium ions were bound to the surface of the enzyme. Calcium ions, known as a type of kosmotrope, can strongly bond with water molecules, thus aiding in the formation of the regional hydration shell required for the maintenance of enzyme activity. In addition, the introduction of calcium ions resulted in the formation of additional ionic interactions, providing propitious means for protein stabilization. Thus, the stronger intramolecular interactions were also expected to contribute partially to the enhanced stability of the enzyme in an aqueous organic solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zhuang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Long Su
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingfang He
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China.
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Klyachko NL, Sokolsky-Papkov M, Pothayee N, Efremova MV, Gulin DA, Pothayee N, Kuznetsov AA, Majouga AG, Riffle JS, Golovin YI, Kabanov AV. Changing the Enzyme Reaction Rate in Magnetic Nanosuspensions by a Non-Heating Magnetic Field. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201205905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Klyachko NL, Sokolsky-Papkov M, Pothayee N, Efremova MV, Gulin DA, Pothayee N, Kuznetsov AA, Majouga AG, Riffle JS, Golovin YI, Kabanov AV. Changing the enzyme reaction rate in magnetic nanosuspensions by a non-heating magnetic field. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:12016-9. [PMID: 23081706 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia L Klyachko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 96025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Hassani L. Chemical modification of Horseradish peroxidase with carboxylic anhydrides: Effect of negative charge and hydrophilicity of the modifiers on thermal stability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kumar A, Attri P, Venkatesu P. Trehalose protects urea-induced unfolding of α-chymotrypsin. Int J Biol Macromol 2010; 47:540-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gaidamaviciute E, Tauraite D, Gagilas J, Lagunavicius A. Site-directed chemical modification of archaeal Thermococcus litoralis Sh1B DNA polymerase: Acquired ability to read through template-strand uracils. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2010; 1804:1385-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2010.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Attri P, Venkatesu P, Lee MJ. Influence of Osmolytes and Denaturants on the Structure and Enzyme Activity of α-Chymotrypsin. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:1471-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9092332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Attri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi - 110 007, India, and Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Keelung Road, Section 4, Taipei 106-07, Taiwan
| | - Pannuru Venkatesu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi - 110 007, India, and Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Keelung Road, Section 4, Taipei 106-07, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jer Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi - 110 007, India, and Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Keelung Road, Section 4, Taipei 106-07, Taiwan
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24
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Solanki K, Shah S, Nath Gupta M. Chemical modification of alpha-chymotrypsin for obtaining high transesterification activity in low water organic media. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420801897361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Kotormán M, Cseri A, Laczkó I, Simon LM. Stabilization of α-chymotrypsin in aqueous organic solvents by chemical modification with organic acid anhydrides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Venkatesu P, Lee MJ, Lin HM. Osmolyte counteracts urea-induced denaturation of alpha-chymotrypsin. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:5327-38. [PMID: 19354310 DOI: 10.1021/jp8113013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The stability of proteins is reduced by urea, which is methylamine and nonprotecting osmolyte; eventually urea destabilizes the activity and function and alters the structure of proteins, whereas the stability of proteins is raised by the osmolytes, which are not interfering with the functional activity of proteins. The deleterious effect of urea on proteins has been counteracted by methylamines (osmolytes), such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), betaine, and sarcosine. To distinctly enunciate the comparison of the counteracting effects between these methylamines on urea-induced denaturation of alpha-chymotrypsin (CT), we measured the hydrodynamic diameter (d(H)) and the thermodynamic properties (T(m), DeltaH, DeltaG(U), and DeltaC(p)) with dynamic light scattering (DLS) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), respectively. The present investigation compares the compatibility and counteracting hypothesis by determining the effects of methylamines and urea, as individual components and in combination at a concentration ratio of 1:2 (methylamine:urea) as well as various urea concentrations (0.5-5 M) in the presence of 1 M methylamine. The experimental results revealed that the naturally occurring osmolytes TMAO, betaine, and sarcosine strongly counteracted the urea actions on alpha-chymotrypsin. The results also indicated that TMAO counteracting the urea effects on CT was much stronger than betaine or sarcosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pannur Venkatesu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Keelung Road, Section 4, Taipei 106-07, Taiwan.
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Gitlin I, Carbeck JD, Whitesides GM. Why are proteins charged? Networks of charge-charge interactions in proteins measured by charge ladders and capillary electrophoresis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 45:3022-60. [PMID: 16619322 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200502530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Almost all proteins contain charged amino acids. While the function in catalysis or binding of individual charges in the active site can often be identified, it is less clear how to assign function to charges beyond this region. Are they necessary for solubility? For reasons other than solubility? Can manipulating these charges change the properties of proteins? A combination of capillary electrophoresis (CE) and protein charge ladders makes it possible to study the roles of charged residues on the surface of proteins outside the active site. This method involves chemical modification of those residues to generate a large number of derivatives of the protein that differ in charge. CE separates those derivatives into groups with the same number of modified charged groups. By studying the influence of charge on the properties of proteins using charge ladders, it is possible to estimate the net charge and hydrodynamic radius and to infer the role of charged residues in ligand binding and protein folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Gitlin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Hydrophilization of immobilized model enzymes suggests a widely applicable method for enhancing protein stability in polar organic co-solvents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2007.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Gitlin I, Carbeck JD, Whitesides GM. Warum sind Proteine geladen? Netzwerke aus Ladungs-Ladungs-Wechselwirkungen in Proteinen, analysiert über Ladungsleitern und Kapillarelektrophorese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200502530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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31
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Activity of acetone-treated Chromobacterium viscosum lipase in AOT reverse micelles in the presence of low molecular weight polyethylene glycol. Biochem Eng J 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2005.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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Lele BS, Murata H, Matyjaszewski K, Russell AJ. Synthesis of Uniform Protein−Polymer Conjugates. Biomacromolecules 2005; 6:3380-7. [PMID: 16283769 DOI: 10.1021/bm050428w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a novel technique to synthesize near-uniform protein-polymer conjugates by initiating atom transfer radical polymerization of monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-methacrylate from 2-bromoisobutyramide derivatives of chymotrypsin (a protein-initiator). Polymerization initiated from the monosubstituted protein-initiator resulted in the conjugate containing a single, near-monodisperse polymer chain per protein molecule with polydispersity index 1.05. Increasing the number of conjugated 2-bromoisobutyramide initiators per molecule of protein increased the molecular weights and polydispersity indices of the final protein-polymer conjugates. The generic nature of this technique was demonstrated by initiating polymerization of nonionic, cationic, and anionic monomers from the protein-initiator. Protein-polymer conjugates synthesized by this novel technique retained 50-86% of the original enzyme activity. The technique described herein should be useful in synthesizing well-defined protein-polymer conjugates exhibiting a wide range of physical and chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhalchandra S Lele
- Department of Bioengineering, Room 513, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15219, USA
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33
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Enhanced activity and stability of Chromobacterium viscosum lipase in AOT reverse micellar systems by pretreatment with acetone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2004.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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34
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Abstract
Although several powerful methods exist for the redesign of enzyme structure and function these are typically limited to the 20 most abundant proteinogenic amino acids. The use of chemical modification overcomes this limitation to allow virtually unlimited alteration of amino acid sidechain structures. If heterogeneous mixtures of enzyme products are to be avoided, however, the required chemistry should be efficient, selective and compatible with aqueous conditions. Recent advances have been made in the modification of proteinases, aminotransferases and redox enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Davis
- Dyson Perrins Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK.
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