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Loughran ST, Walls D. Tagging Recombinant Proteins to Enhance Solubility and Aid Purification. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2699:97-123. [PMID: 37646996 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3362-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Protein fusion technology has had a major impact on the efficient production and purification of individual recombinant proteins. The use of genetically engineered affinity and solubility-enhancing polypeptide "tags" has a long history, and there is a considerable repertoire of these that can be used to address issues related to the expression, stability, solubility, folding, and purification of their fusion partner. In the case of large-scale proteomic studies, the development of purification procedures tailored to individual proteins is not practicable, and affinity tags have become indispensable tools for structural and functional proteomic initiatives that involve the expression of many proteins in parallel. In this chapter, the rationale and applications of a range of established and more recently developed solubility-enhancing and affinity tags is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinéad T Loughran
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Health and Science, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Louth, Ireland.
| | - Dermot Walls
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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2
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Bacon K, Lavoie A, Rao BM, Daniele M, Menegatti S. Past, Present, and Future of Affinity-based Cell Separation Technologies. Acta Biomater 2020; 112:29-51. [PMID: 32442784 PMCID: PMC10364325 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Progress in cell purification technology is critical to increase the availability of viable cells for therapeutic, diagnostic, and research applications. A variety of techniques are now available for cell separation, ranging from non-affinity methods such as density gradient centrifugation, dielectrophoresis, and filtration, to affinity methods such as chromatography, two-phase partitioning, and magnetic-/fluorescence-assisted cell sorting. For clinical and analytical procedures that require highly purified cells, the choice of cell purification method is crucial, since every method offers a different balance between yield, purity, and bioactivity of the cell product. For most applications, the requisite purity is only achievable through affinity methods, owing to the high target specificity that they grant. In this review, we discuss past and current methods for developing cell-targeting affinity ligands and their application in cell purification, along with the benefits and challenges associated with different purification formats. We further present new technologies, like stimuli-responsive ligands and parallelized microfluidic devices, towards improving the viability and throughput of cell products for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Our comparative analysis provides guidance in the multifarious landscape of cell separation techniques and highlights new technologies that are poised to play a key role in the future of cell purification in clinical settings and the biotech industry. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Technologies for cell purification have served science, medicine, and industrial biotechnology and biomanufacturing for decades. This review presents a comprehensive survey of this field by highlighting the scope and relevance of all known methods for cell isolation, old and new alike. The first section covers the main classes of target cells and compares traditional non-affinity and affinity-based purification techniques, focusing on established ligands and chromatographic formats. The second section presents an excursus of affinity-based pseudo-chromatographic and non-chromatographic technologies, especially focusing on magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Finally, the third section presents an overview of new technologies and emerging trends, highlighting how the progress in chemical, material, and microfluidic sciences has opened new exciting avenues towards high-throughput and high-purity cell isolation processes. This review is designed to guide scientists and engineers in their choice of suitable cell purification techniques for research or bioprocessing needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Bacon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Ashton Lavoie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Balaji M Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA; Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7928, USA
| | - Michael Daniele
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University - University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA; Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7928, USA.
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3
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Dermutz H, Thompson-Steckel G, Forró C, de Lange V, Dorwling-Carter L, Vörös J, Demkó L. Paper-based patterned 3D neural cultures as a tool to study network activity on multielectrode arrays. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00971b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput platform targeting activity patterns of 3D neural cultures with arbitrary topology, by combining network-wide intracellular and local extracellular signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Dermutz
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8092 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Greta Thompson-Steckel
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8092 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Csaba Forró
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8092 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Victoria de Lange
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8092 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Livie Dorwling-Carter
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8092 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - János Vörös
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8092 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - László Demkó
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8092 Zurich
- Switzerland
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Abstract
Protein fusion technology has had a major impact on the efficient production and purification of individual recombinant proteins. The use of genetically engineered affinity and solubility-enhancing polypeptide "tags" has increased greatly in recent years and there now exists a considerable repertoire of these that can be used to solve issues related to the expression, stability, solubility, folding, and purification of their fusion partner. In the case of large-scale proteomic studies, the development of purification procedures tailored to individual proteins is not practicable, and affinity tags have therefore become indispensable tools for structural and functional proteomic initiatives that involve the expression of many proteins in parallel. Here, the rationale and applications of a range of established and more recently developed solubility-enhancing and affinity tags is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinéad T Loughran
- Department of Applied Sciences, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Ireland
| | - Dermot Walls
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
- National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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5
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Meirovitch S, Shtein Z, Ben-Shalom T, Lapidot S, Tamburu C, Hu X, Kluge JA, Raviv U, Kaplan DL, Shoseyov O. Spider Silk-CBD-Cellulose Nanocrystal Composites: Mechanism of Assembly. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1573. [PMID: 27649169 PMCID: PMC5037840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The fabrication of cellulose-spider silk bio-nanocomposites comprised of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and recombinant spider silk protein fused to a cellulose binding domain (CBD) is described. Silk-CBD successfully binds cellulose, and unlike recombinant silk alone, silk-CBD self-assembles into microfibrils even in the absence of CNCs. Silk-CBD-CNC composite sponges and films show changes in internal structure and CNC alignment related to the addition of silk-CBD. The silk-CBD sponges exhibit improved thermal and structural characteristics in comparison to control recombinant spider silk sponges. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the silk-CBD sponge was higher than the control silk sponge and similar to native dragline spider silk fibers. Gel filtration analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that silk-CBD, but not the recombinant silk control, formed a nematic liquid crystalline phase similar to that observed in native spider silk during the silk spinning process. Silk-CBD microfibrils spontaneously formed in solution upon ultrasonication. We suggest a model for silk-CBD assembly that implicates CBD in the central role of driving the dimerization of spider silk monomers, a process essential to the molecular assembly of spider-silk nanofibers and silk-CNC composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Meirovitch
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Zvi Shtein
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Tal Ben-Shalom
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Shaul Lapidot
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Carmen Tamburu
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4 Colby Street, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Jonathan A Kluge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4 Colby Street, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - Uri Raviv
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4 Colby Street, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - Oded Shoseyov
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Recombinant CBM-fusion technology - Applications overview. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:358-69. [PMID: 25689072 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) are small components of several enzymes, which present an independent fold and function, and specific carbohydrate-binding activity. Their major function is to bind the enzyme to the substrate enhancing its catalytic activity, especially in the case of insoluble substrates. The immense diversity of CBMs, together with their unique properties, has long raised their attention for many biotechnological applications. Recombinant DNA technology has been used for cloning and characterizing new CBMs. In addition, it has been employed to improve the purity and availability of many CBMs, but mainly, to construct bi-functional CBM-fused proteins for specific applications. This review presents a comprehensive summary of the uses of CBMs recombinantly produced from heterologous organisms, or by the original host, along with the latest advances. Emphasis is given particularly to the applications of recombinant CBM-fusions in: (a) modification of fibers, (b) production, purification and immobilization of recombinant proteins, (c) functionalization of biomaterials and (d) development of microarrays and probes.
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Biomolecule immobilization techniques for bioactive paper fabrication. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:7-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5821-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Walls D, Loughran ST. Tagging recombinant proteins to enhance solubility and aid purification. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 681:151-175. [PMID: 20978965 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-913-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Protein fusion technology has enormously facilitated the efficient production and purification of individual recombinant proteins. The use of genetically engineered affinity and solubility-enhancing polypeptide "tags" has increased greatly in recent years and there now exists a considerable repertoire of these that can be used to solve issues related to the expression, stability, solubility, folding, and purification of their fusion partner. In the case of large-scale proteomic studies, the development of purification procedures tailored to individual proteins is not practicable, and affinity tags have therefore become indispensable tools for structural and functional proteomic initiatives that involve the expression of many proteins in parallel. Here, the rationale and applications of a range of established and more recently developed solubility-enhancing and affinity tags are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dermot Walls
- School of Biotechnology and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
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Hussack G, Grohs BM, Almquist KC, McLean MD, Ghosh R, Hall JC. Purification of plant-derived antibodies through direct immobilization of affinity ligands on cellulose. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:3451-9. [PMID: 20170183 DOI: 10.1021/jf9040657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plants possess enormous potential as factories for the large scale production of therapeutic reagents such as recombinant proteins and antibodies. A major factor limiting commercial advances of plant-derived pharmaceuticals is the cost and inefficiency of purification. As a model system, we have developed a simple yet robust method for immobilizing affinity capture ligands onto solid supports by interfacing the secreted expression and coupling of a chimeric fusion protein in Pichia pastoris to microcrystalline cellulose in a single step. The fusion protein, which consisted of antibody-binding proteins L and G fused to a cellulose-binding domain (LG-CBD), was tethered directly onto cellulose resins added to P. pastoris cultures and subsequently used for antibody purification. Both the antibody-binding protein L and protein G domains were functional, as demonstrated by the ability of cellulose-immobilized LG-CBD to purify both a scFv antibody fragment from yeast and a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody from transgenic tobacco. Furthermore, combining two P. pastoris strains expressing LG-CBD and scFv with CP-102 cellulose in a single culture allowed for easy recovery of biologically active scFv. Direct immobilization of affinity purification ligands, such as LG-CBD, onto inexpensive support matrices such as cellulose is an effective method for the generation of functional, single-use antibody purification reagents. Straightforward preparation of purification reagents will help make antibody purification from genetically modified crop plants feasible and address one of the major bottlenecks facing commercialization of plant-derived pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Hussack
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Abstract
Bioactive paper includes a range of potential paper-based materials that can perform analytical functions normally reserved for multi-well plates in the laboratory or for portable electronic devices. Pathogen detection is the most compelling application. Simple paper-based detection, not requiring hardware, has the potential to have impacts in society, ranging from the kitchen to disasters in the developing world. Bioactive-paper research is an emerging field with significant efforts in Canada, USA (Harvard), Finland and Australia. Following a brief introduction to the material and surface properties of paper, I review the literature. Some of the early work exploits the porosity of paper to generate paper-based microfluidics ("paperfluidics") devices. I exclude from this review printed electronic devices and plastics-supported devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pelton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, JHE-136, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7
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11
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Nordon RE, Craig SJ, Foong FC. Molecular engineering of the cellulosome complex for affinity and bioenergy applications. Biotechnol Lett 2009; 31:465-76. [PMID: 19116695 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-008-9899-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Revised: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 12/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The cellulosome complex has evolved to degrade plant cell walls and, as such, combines tenacious binding to cellulose with diverse catalytic activities against amorphous and crystalline cellulose. Cellulolytic microorganisms provide an extensive selection of domains; those with affinity for cellulose, cohesins and their dockerin binding partners that define cellulosome stoichiometry and architecture, and a range of catalytic activities against carbohydrates. These robust domains provide the building blocks for molecular design. This review examines how protein modules derived from the cellulosome have been incorporated into chimaeric proteins to provide biosynthetic tools for research and industry. These applications include affinity tags for protein purification, and non-chemical methods for immobilisation and presentation of recombinant protein domains on cellulosic substrates. Cellulosomal architecture provides a paradigm for design of enzymatic complexes that synergistically combine multiple catalytic subunits to achieve higher specific activity than would be obtained using free enzymes. Multimeric enzymatic complexes may have industrial applications of relevance for an emerging carbon economy. Biocatalysis will lead to more efficient utilisation of renewable carbon-fixing energy sources with the added benefits of reducing chemical waste streams and reliance on petroleum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Nordon
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052 NSW, Australia.
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Ye L, Filipe CDM, Kavoosi M, Haynes CA, Pelton R, Brook MA. Immobilization of TiO2 nanoparticles onto paper modification through bioconjugation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b818410k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Rich RL, Myszka DG. Survey of the year 2007 commercial optical biosensor literature. J Mol Recognit 2008; 21:355-400. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Characterization of a cellulose binding domain from Clostridium cellulovorans endoglucanase-xylanase D and its use as a fusion partner for soluble protein expression in Escherichia coli. J Biotechnol 2008; 135:319-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2008] [Revised: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 05/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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