1
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Harris WT, Altieri I, Gieck I, Johnson RJ. A conserved but structurally divergent loop in acyl protein thioesterase 1 regulates its catalytic activity, ligand binding, and folded stability. Proteins 2024; 92:693-704. [PMID: 38179877 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Human acyl protein thioesterases (APTs) catalyze the depalmitoylation of S-acylated proteins attached to the plasma membrane, facilitating reversible cycles of membrane anchoring and detachment. We previously showed that a bacterial APT homologue, FTT258 from the gram-negative pathogen Francisella tularensis, exists in equilibrium between a closed and open state based on the structural dynamics of a flexible loop overlapping its active site. Although the structural dynamics of this loop are not conserved in human APTs, the amino acid sequence of this loop is highly conserved, indicating essential but divergent functions for this loop in human APTs. Herein, we investigated the role of this loop in regulating the catalytic activity, ligand binding, and protein folding of human APT1, a depalmitoylase connected with cancer, immune, and neurological signaling. Using a combination of substitutional analysis with kinetic, structural, and biophysical characterization, we show that even in its divergent structural location in human APT1 that this loop still regulates the catalytic activity of APT1 through contributions to ligand binding and substrate positioning. We confirmed previously known roles for multiple residues (Phe72 and Ile74) in substrate binding and catalysis while adding new roles in substrate selectivity (Pro69), in catalytic stabilization (Asp73 and Ile75), and in transitioning between the membrane binding β-tongue and substrate-binding loops (Trp71). Even conservative substitution of this tryptophan (Trp71) fulcrum led to complete loss of catalytic activity, a 13°C decrease in total protein stability, and drastic drops in ligand affinity, indicating that the combination of the size, shape, and aromaticity of Trp71 are essential to the proper structure of APT1. Mixing buried hydrophobic surface area with contributions to an exposed secondary surface pocket, Trp71 represents a previously unidentified class of essential tryptophans within α/β hydrolase structure and a potential allosteric binding site within human APTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Trey Harris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Isabelle Altieri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Isabella Gieck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - R Jeremy Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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2
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Schemenauer D, Pool EH, Raynor SN, Ruiz GP, Goehring LM, Koelper AJ, Wilson MA, Durand AJ, Kourtoglou EC, Larsen EM, Lavis LD, Esteb JJ, Hoops GC, Johnson RJ. Sequence and Structural Motifs Controlling the Broad Substrate Specificity of the Mycobacterial Hormone-Sensitive Lipase LipN. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:13252-13264. [PMID: 37065048 PMCID: PMC10099132 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a complex life cycle transitioning between active and dormant growth states depending on environmental conditions. LipN (Rv2970c) is a conserved mycobacterial serine hydrolase with regulated catalytic activity at the interface between active and dormant growth conditions. LipN also catalyzes the xenobiotic degradation of a tertiary ester substrate and contains multiple conserved motifs connected with the ability to catalyze the hydrolysis of difficult tertiary ester substrates. Herein, we expanded a library of fluorogenic ester substrates to include more tertiary and constrained esters and screened 33 fluorogenic substrates for activation by LipN, identifying its unique substrate signature. LipN preferred short, unbranched ester substrates, but had its second highest activity against a heteroaromatic five-membered oxazole ester. Oxazole esters are present in multiple mycobacterial serine hydrolase inhibitors but have not been tested widely as ester substrates. Combined structural modeling, kinetic measurements, and substitutional analysis of LipN showcased a fairly rigid binding pocket preorganized for catalysis of short ester substrates. Substitution of diverse amino acids across the binding pocket significantly impacted the folded stability and catalytic activity of LipN with two conserved motifs (HGGGW and GDSAG) playing interconnected, multidimensional roles in regulating its substrate specificity. Together this detailed substrate specificity profile of LipN illustrates the complex interplay between structure and function in mycobacterial hormone-sensitive lipase homologues and indicates oxazole esters as promising inhibitor and substrate scaffolds for mycobacterial hydrolases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel
E. Schemenauer
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46208, United States
| | - Emily H. Pool
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46208, United States
| | - Stephanie N. Raynor
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46208, United States
| | - Gabriela P. Ruiz
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46208, United States
| | - Leah M. Goehring
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46208, United States
| | - Andrew J. Koelper
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46208, United States
| | - Madeleine A. Wilson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46208, United States
| | - Anthony J. Durand
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46208, United States
| | - Elexi C. Kourtoglou
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46208, United States
| | - Erik M. Larsen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46208, United States
| | - Luke D. Lavis
- Howard
Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - John J. Esteb
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46208, United States
| | - Geoffrey C. Hoops
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46208, United States
| | - R. Jeremy Johnson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46208, United States
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3
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Nagaroor V, Gummadi SN. An overview of mammalian and microbial hormone-sensitive lipases (lipolytic family IV): biochemical properties and industrial applications. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-30. [PMID: 36154870 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2127071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, hormone-sensitive lipase (EC 3.1.1.79) is an intracellular lipase that significantly regulates lipid metabolism. Mammalian HSL is more active towards diacylglycerol but lacks a lid covering the active site. Dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, cancer, and cancer-associated cachexia are symptoms of HSL pathophysiology. Certain microbial proteins show a sequence homologous to the catalytic domain of mammalian HSL, hence called microbial HSL. They possess a funnel-shaped substrate-binding pocket and restricted length of acyl chain esters, thus known as esterases. These enzymes have broad substrate specificities and are capable of stereo, regio, and enantioselective, making them attractive biocatalysts in a wide range of industrial applications in the production of flavors, pharmaceuticals, biosensors, and fine chemicals. This review will provide insight into mammalian and microbial HSLs, their sources, structural features related to substrate specificity, thermal stability, and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayalakshmi Nagaroor
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology laboratory (AIM lab), Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Sathyanarayana N Gummadi
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology laboratory (AIM lab), Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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4
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Recazens E, Mouisel E, Langin D. Hormone-sensitive lipase: sixty years later. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 82:101084. [PMID: 33387571 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) was initially characterized as the hormonally regulated neutral lipase activity responsible for the breakdown of triacylglycerols into fatty acids in adipose tissue. This review aims at providing up-to-date information on structural properties, regulation of expression, activity and function as well as therapeutic potential. The lipase is expressed as different isoforms produced from tissue-specific alternative promoters. All isoforms are composed of an N-terminal domain and a C-terminal catalytic domain within which a regulatory domain containing the phosphorylation sites is embedded. Some isoforms possess additional N-terminal regions. The catalytic domain shares similarities with bacteria, fungus and vascular plant proteins but not with other mammalian lipases. HSL singularity is provided by regulatory and N-terminal domains sharing no homology with other proteins. HSL has a broad substrate specificity compared to other neutral lipases. It hydrolyzes acylglycerols, cholesteryl and retinyl esters among other substrates. A novel role of HSL, independent of its enzymatic function, has recently been described in adipocytes. Clinical studies revealed dysregulations of HSL expression and activity in disorders, such as lipodystrophy, obesity, type 2 diabetes and cancer-associated cachexia. Development of specific inhibitors positions HSL as a pharmacological target for the treatment of metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Recazens
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1297, 31432 Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Etienne Mouisel
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1297, 31432 Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Dominique Langin
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1297, 31432 Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1297, Toulouse, France; Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague and Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France; Toulouse University Hospitals, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Toulouse, France.
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5
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Gricajeva A, Bikutė I, Kalėdienė L. Atypical organic-solvent tolerant bacterial hormone sensitive lipase-like homologue EstAG1 from Staphylococcus saprophyticus AG1: Synthesis and characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 130:253-265. [PMID: 30797006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalysts exerting activity against ester bonds have a broad range of applications in modern biotechnology. Some of the most industrially relevant enzymes of this type are lipolytic and their market is predicted to uphold leadership up till 2024. In this study, a novel bacterial hormone-sensitive lipase-like (bHSL) family homologue, designated EstAG1, was discovered by mining gDNA of bacteria isolated from fat contaminated soil in Lithuania. Putative lipolytic enzyme was cloned, overexpressed in E. coli, purified and characterized determining its biochemical properties. While the true physiological role of the discovered leaderless, ~36 kDa enzyme is unknown, metal-activated EstAG1 possessed optima at 45-47.5 °C, pH 7.5-8, with a generally intermediate activity profile between esterases and lipases. Furthermore, EstAG1 was hyperactivated by ethanol, dioxane and DMSO, implicating that it could be industrially applicable enzyme for the synthesis of valuable products such as biodiesel, flavor esters, etc. Sequence analysis and structure modeling revealed that the highest sequence homology of EstAG1 with the closest structurally and functionally described protein makes up only 26%. It was also revealed that EstAG1 has some differences in the bHSL family-characteristic conserved sequence motives. Therefore, EstAG1 presents interest both in terms of biotechnological applications and basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Gricajeva
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Ingrida Bikutė
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lilija Kalėdienė
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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6
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Chandra Mohana N, Yashavantha Rao H, Rakshith D, Mithun P, Nuthan B, Satish S. Omics based approach for biodiscovery of microbial natural products in antibiotic resistance era. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2018; 16:1-8. [PMID: 30647697 PMCID: PMC6296576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The need for a new antibiotic pipeline to confront threat imposed by resistant pathogens has become a major global concern for human health. To confront the challenge there is a need for discovery and development of new class of antibiotics. Nature which is considered treasure trove, there is re-emerged interest in exploring untapped microbial to yield novel molecules, due to their wide array of negative effects associated with synthetic drugs. Natural product researchers have developed many new techniques over the past few years for developing diverse compounds of biopotential. Taking edge in the advancement of genomics, genetic engineering, in silico drug design, surface modification, scaffolds, pharmacophores and target-based approach is necessary. These techniques have been economically sustainable and also proven efficient in natural product discovery. This review will focus on recent advances in diverse discipline approach from integrated Bioinformatics predictions, genetic engineering and medicinal chemistry for the synthesis of natural products vital for the discovery of novel antibiotics having potential application.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Chandra Mohana
- Microbial Drugs Laboratory, Department of Studies in Microbiology, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - H.C. Yashavantha Rao
- Microbial Drugs Laboratory, Department of Studies in Microbiology, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - D. Rakshith
- Microbial Drugs Laboratory, Department of Studies in Microbiology, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - P.R. Mithun
- Department of Life Sciences, Christ University, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - B.R. Nuthan
- Microbial Drugs Laboratory, Department of Studies in Microbiology, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - S. Satish
- Microbial Drugs Laboratory, Department of Studies in Microbiology, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India
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7
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Streptomyces spp. in the biocatalysis toolbox. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:3513-3536. [PMID: 29502181 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8884-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
About 20,100 research publications dated 2000-2017 were recovered searching the PubMed and Web of Science databases for Streptomyces, which are the richest known source of bioactive molecules. However, these bacteria with versatile metabolism are powerful suppliers of biocatalytic tools (enzymes) for advanced biotechnological applications such as green chemical transformations and biopharmaceutical and biofuel production. The recent technological advances, especially in DNA sequencing coupled with computational tools for protein functional and structural prediction, and the improved access to microbial diversity enabled the easier access to enzymes and the ability to engineer them to suit a wider range of biotechnological processes. The major driver behind a dramatic increase in the utilization of biocatalysis is sustainable development and the shift toward bioeconomy that will, in accordance to the UN policy agenda "Bioeconomy to 2030," become a global effort in the near future. Streptomyces spp. already play a significant role among industrial microorganisms. The intention of this minireview is to highlight the presence of Streptomyces in the toolbox of biocatalysis and to give an overview of the most important advances in novel biocatalyst discovery and applications. Judging by the steady increase in a number of recent references (228 for the 2000-2017 period), it is clear that biocatalysts from Streptomyces spp. hold promises in terms of valuable properties and applicative industrial potential.
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8
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Functional characterization of hormone sensitive-like lipase from Bacillus halodurans: synthesis and recovery of pNP-laurate with high yields. Extremophiles 2017; 21:871-889. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-017-0949-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Zhao XQ, Xu XN, Chen LY. Production of Enzymes from Marine Actinobacteria. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2016; 78:137-151. [PMID: 27452169 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Marine actinobacteria are well recognized for their capabilities to produce valuable natural products, which have great potential for applications in medical, agricultural, and fine chemical industries. In addition to producing unique enzymes responsible for biosynthesis of natural products, many marine actinobacteria also produce hydrolytic enzymes which are able to degrade various biopolymers, such as cellulose, xylan, and chitin. These enzymes are important to produce biofuels and biochemicals of interest from renewable biomass. In this chapter, the recent reports of novel enzymes produced by marine actinobacteria are reviewed, and advanced technologies that can be applied to search for novel marine enzymes as well as for improved enzyme production by marine actinobacteria are summarized, which include ribosome engineering, genome mining, as well as synthetic biology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Q Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - X N Xu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - L Y Chen
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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10
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Wang B, Wang A, Cao Z, Zhu G. Characterization of a novel highly thermostable esterase from the Gram-positive soil bacteriumStreptomyces lividansTK64. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2016; 63:334-43. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baojuan Wang
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology and Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources; College of Life Sciences; Anhui Normal University; Wuhu Anhui People's Republic of China
| | - Ao Wang
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology and Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources; College of Life Sciences; Anhui Normal University; Wuhu Anhui People's Republic of China
- College of Physical Education; Anhui Normal University; Wuhu Anhui People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyu Cao
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology and Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources; College of Life Sciences; Anhui Normal University; Wuhu Anhui People's Republic of China
| | - Guoping Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology and Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources; College of Life Sciences; Anhui Normal University; Wuhu Anhui People's Republic of China
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11
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Huang C, Leung RKK, Guo M, Tuo L, Guo L, Yew WW, Lou I, Lee SMY, Sun C. Genome-guided Investigation of Antibiotic Substances produced by Allosalinactinospora lopnorensis CA15-2(T) from Lop Nor region, China. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20667. [PMID: 26864220 PMCID: PMC4749953 DOI: 10.1038/srep20667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial secondary metabolites are valuable resources for novel drug discovery. In particular, actinomycetes expressed a range of antibiotics against a spectrum of bacteria. In genus level, strain Allosalinactinospora lopnorensis CA15-2T is the first new actinomycete isolated from the Lop Nor region, China. Antimicrobial assays revealed that the strain could inhibit the growth of certain types of bacteria, including Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus, highlighting its clinical significance. Here we report the 5,894,259 base pairs genome of the strain, containing 5,662 predicted genes, and 832 of them cannot be detected by sequence similarity-based methods, suggesting the new species may carry a novel gene pool. Furthermore, our genome-mining investigation reveals that A. lopnorensis CA15-2T contains 17 gene clusters coding for known or novel secondary metabolites. Meanwhile, at least six secondary metabolites were disclosed from ethyl acetate (EA) extract of the fermentation broth of the strain by high-resolution UPLC-MS. Compared with reported clusters of other species, many new genes were found in clusters, and the physical chromosomal location and order of genes in the clusters are distinct. This study presents evidence in support of A. lopnorensis CA15-2T as a potent natural products source for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Ross Ka-Kit Leung
- Stanley HoCentre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Min Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Li Tuo
- Department of Microbial Chemistry, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Microbial Chemistry, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wing Wai Yew
- Stanley HoCentre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Inchio Lou
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Simon Ming Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Chenghang Sun
- Department of Microbial Chemistry, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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12
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Yan QJ, Yang SQ, Duan XJ, Xu HB, Liu Y, Jiang ZQ. Characterization of a novel hormone-sensitive lipase family esterase from Rhizomucor miehei with tertiary alcohol hydrolysis activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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13
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Procópio L, Macrae A, van Elsas JD, Seldin L. The putative α/β-hydrolases of Dietzia cinnamea P4 strain as potential enzymes for biocatalytic applications. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2012; 103:635-46. [PMID: 23142860 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-012-9847-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The draft genome of the soil actinomycete Dietzia cinnamea P4 reveals a versatile group of α/β-hydrolase fold enzymes. Phylogenetic and comparative sequence analyses were used to classify the α/β-hydrolases of strain P4 into six different groups: (i) lipases, (ii) esterases, (iii) epoxide hydrolases, (iv) haloacid dehalogenases, (v) C-C breaking enzymes and (vi) serine peptidases. The high number of lipases/esterases (41) and epoxide hydrolase enzymes (14) present in the relatively small (3.6 Mb) P4 genome is unusual; it is likely to be linked to the survival of strain P4 in its natural environment. Strain P4 is thus equipped with a large number of genes which would appear to confer survivability in harsh hot tropical soil. As such, this highly resilient soil bacterial strain provides an interesting genome for enzyme mining for applications in the field of biotransformations of polymeric compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Procópio
- Laboratório de Genética Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco I, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941.590, Brazil
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14
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Brault G, Shareck F, Hurtubise Y, Lépine F, Doucet N. Isolation and characterization of EstC, a new cold-active esterase from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). PLoS One 2012; 7:e32041. [PMID: 22396747 PMCID: PMC3292560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome sequence of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) contains more than 50 genes coding for putative lipolytic enzymes. Many studies have shown the capacity of this actinomycete to store important reserves of intracellular triacylglycerols in nutrient depletion situations. In the present study, we used genome mining of S. coelicolor to identify genes coding for putative, non-secreted esterases/lipases. Two genes were cloned and successfully overexpressed in E. coli as His-tagged fusion proteins. One of the recombinant enzymes, EstC, showed interesting cold-active esterase activity with a strong potential for the production of valuable esters. The purified enzyme displayed optimal activity at 35°C and was cold-active with retention of 25% relative activity at 10°C. Its optimal pH was 8.5-9 but the enzyme kept more than 75% of its maximal activity between pH 7.5 and 10. EstC also showed remarkable tolerance over a wide range of pH values, retaining almost full residual activity between pH 6-11. The enzyme was active toward short-chain p-nitrophenyl esters (C2-C12), displaying optimal activity with the valerate (C5) ester (k(cat)/K(m) = 737±77 s(-1) mM(-1)). The enzyme was also very active toward short chain triglycerides such as triacetin (C2:0) and tributyrin (C4:0), in addition to showing good primary alcohol and organic solvent tolerance, suggesting it could function as an interesting candidate for organic synthesis of short-chain esters such as flavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Brault
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - François Shareck
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves Hurtubise
- Innu-Science Canada, Inc., Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - François Lépine
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Doucet
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
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