1
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Hoang MN, Peterbauer C. Double-Labeling Method for Visualization and Quantification of Membrane-Associated Proteins in Lactococcus lactis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10586. [PMID: 37445764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis displaying recombinant proteins on its surface can be used as a potential drug delivery vector in prophylactic medication and therapeutic treatments for many diseases. These applications enable live-cell mucosal and oral administration, providing painless, needle-free solutions and triggering robust immune response at the site of pathogen entry. Immunization requires quantitative control of antigens and, ideally, a complete understanding of the bacterial processing mechanism applied to the target proteins. In this study, we propose a double-labeling method based on a conjugated dye specific for a recombinantly introduced polyhistidine tag (to visualize surface-exposed proteins) and a membrane-permeable dye specific for a tetra-cysteine tag (to visualize cytoplasmic proteins), combined with a method to block the labeling of surface-exposed tetra-cysteine tags, to clearly obtain location-specific signals of the two dyes. This allows simultaneous detection and quantification of targeted proteins on the cell surface and in the cytoplasm. Using this method, we were able to detect full-length peptide chains for the model proteins HtrA and BmpA in L. lactis, which are associated with the cell membrane by two different attachment modes, and thus confirm that membrane-associated proteins in L. lactis are secreted using the Sec-dependent post-translational pathway. We were able to quantitatively follow cytoplasmic protein production and accumulation and subsequent export and surface attachment, which provides a convenient tool for monitoring these processes for cell surface display applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Ngoc Hoang
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Human Medicine, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Peterbauer
- Institute of Food Technology, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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2
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Recent advances in genetic tools for engineering probiotic lactic acid bacteria. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:232386. [PMID: 36597861 PMCID: PMC9842951 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic biology has grown exponentially in the last few years, with a variety of biological applications. One of the emerging applications of synthetic biology is to exploit the link between microorganisms, biologics, and human health. To exploit this link, it is critical to select effective synthetic biology tools for use in appropriate microorganisms that would address unmet needs in human health through the development of new game-changing applications and by complementing existing technological capabilities. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are considered appropriate chassis organisms that can be genetically engineered for therapeutic and industrial applications. Here, we have reviewed comprehensively various synthetic biology techniques for engineering probiotic LAB strains, such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 mediated genome editing, homologous recombination, and recombineering. In addition, we also discussed heterologous protein expression systems used in engineering probiotic LAB. By combining computational biology with genetic engineering, there is a lot of potential to develop next-generation synthetic LAB with capabilities to address bottlenecks in industrial scale-up and complex biologics production. Recently, we started working on Lactochassis project where we aim to develop next generation synthetic LAB for biomedical application.
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3
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Vasquez R, Bagon BB, Song JH, Han NS, Kang DK. A novel, non-GMO surface display in Limosilactobacillus fermentum mediated by cell surface hydrolase without anchor motif. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:190. [PMID: 35922769 PMCID: PMC9347134 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02608-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of surface display technology in therapeutic development and enzyme immobilization. Utilization of lactic acid bacteria in non-GMO surface display applications is advantageous due to its GRAS status. This study aimed to develop a novel, non-GMO cell wall anchoring system for lactic acid bacteria using a cell-surface hydrolase (CshA) from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SK156 for potential industrial and biomedical applications. Analysis of the CshA revealed that it does not contain any known classical anchor domains. Although CshA lacks a classical anchor domain, it successfully displayed the reporter protein superfolder GFP on the surface of several lactic acid bacteria in host dependent manner. CshA-sfGFP fusion protein was displayed greatest on Limosilactobacillus fermentum SK152. Pretreatment with trichloroacetic acid further enhanced the binding of CshA to Lm. fermentum. The binding conditions of CshA on pretreated Lm. fermentum (NaCl, pH, time, and temperature) were also optimized, resulting in a maximum binding of up to 106 CshA molecules per pretreated Lm. fermentum cell. Finally, this study demonstrated that CshA-decorated pretreated Lm. fermentum cells tolerates gastrointestinal stress, such as low pH and presence of bile acid. To our knowledge, this study is the first to characterize and demonstrate the cell-surface display ability of CshA. The potential application of CshA in non-GMO antigen delivery system and enzyme immobilization remains to be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robie Vasquez
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Bernadette B Bagon
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Song
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Soo Han
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Kyung Kang
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Tay PKR, Lim PY, Ow DSW. A SH3_5 Cell Anchoring Domain for Non-recombinant Surface Display on Lactic Acid Bacteria. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:614498. [PMID: 33585415 PMCID: PMC7873443 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.614498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a group of gut commensals increasingly recognized for their potential to deliver bioactive molecules in vivo. The delivery of therapeutic proteins, in particular, can be achieved by anchoring them to the bacterial surface, and various anchoring domains have been described for this application. Here, we investigated a new cell anchoring domain (CAD4a) isolated from a Lactobacillus protein, containing repeats of a SH3_5 motif that binds non-covalently to peptidoglycan in the LAB cell wall. Using a fluorescent reporter, we showed that C-terminal CAD4a bound Lactobacillus fermentum selectively out of a panel of LAB strains, and cell anchoring was uniform across the cell surface. Conditions affecting CAD4a anchoring were studied, including temperature, pH, salt concentration, and bacterial growth phase. Quantitative analysis showed that CAD4a allowed display of 105 molecules of monomeric protein per cell. We demonstrated the surface display of a functional protein with superoxide dismutase (SOD), an antioxidant enzyme potentially useful for treating gut inflammation. SOD displayed on cells could be protected from gastric digestion using a polymer matrix. Taken together, our results show the feasibility of using CAD4a as a novel cell anchor for protein surface display on LAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Kun Richie Tay
- Microbial Cells Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pei Yu Lim
- Microbial Cells Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dave Siak-Wei Ow
- Microbial Cells Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
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5
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Kohl HM, Castillo AR, Ochoa-Repáraz J. The Microbiome as a Therapeutic Target for Multiple Sclerosis: Can Genetically Engineered Probiotics Treat the Disease? Diseases 2020; 8:diseases8030033. [PMID: 32872621 PMCID: PMC7563507 DOI: 10.3390/diseases8030033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the intestinal microbiota as a critical regulator of the development and function of the immune, nervous, and endocrine systems. Experimental work in animal models has provided the foundation for clinical studies to investigate associations between microbiota composition and function and human disease, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Initial work done using an animal model of brain inflammation, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), suggests the existence of a microbiota-gut-brain axis connection in the context of MS, and microbiome sequence analyses reveal increases and decreases of microbial taxa in MS intestines. In this review, we discuss the impact of the intestinal microbiota on the immune system and the role of the microbiome-gut-brain axis in the neuroinflammatory disease MS. We also discuss experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis that modulating the intestinal microbiota through genetically modified probiotics may provide immunomodulatory and protective effects as a novel therapeutic approach to treat this devastating disease.
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6
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Plavec TV, Štrukelj B, Berlec A. Screening for New Surface Anchoring Domains for Lactococcus lactis. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1879. [PMID: 31456787 PMCID: PMC6700490 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The display of recombinant proteins on bacterial surfaces is a developing research area with a wide range of potential biotechnological applications. The lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis is an attractive host for such surface display, and a promising vector for in vivo delivery of bioactive proteins. Surface-displayed recombinant proteins are usually anchored to the bacterial cell wall through anchoring domains. Here, we investigated alternatives to the commonly applied lactococcal lysine motif (LysM)-containing surface anchoring domain, the C-terminus of AcmA (cAcmA). We screened 15 anchoring domains of lactococcal or phage origins that belong to the Pfam categories LPXTG, LysM, CW_1, Cpl-7, WxL, SH3, and ChW, which can provide non-covalent or covalent binding to the cell wall. LPXTG, LysM, the duplicated CW_1 and SH3 domains promoted significant surface display of two model proteins, B domain and DARPin I07, although the display achieved was lower than that for the reference anchoring domain, cAcmA. On the other hand, the ChW-containing anchoring domain of the lactococcal phage AM12 endolysin (cAM12) demonstrated surface display comparable to that of cAcmA. The anchoring ability of cAM12 was confirmed by enabling non-covalent heterologous anchoring of the B domain on wild-type bacteria, as well as anchoring of CXCL8-binding evasin-3, which provided potential therapeutic applicability; both were displayed to an extent comparable to that of cAcmA. We have thereby demonstrated the effective use of different protein anchoring domains in L. lactis, with ChW-containing cAM12 the most promising alternative to the established approaches for surface display on L. lactis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Vida Plavec
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Borut Štrukelj
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Berlec
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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7
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Engineering of lactic acid bacteria for delivery of therapeutic proteins and peptides. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:2053-2066. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09628-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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del Rio B, Redruello B, Fernandez M, Martin MC, Ladero V, Alvarez MA. Lactic Acid Bacteria as a Live Delivery System for the in situ Production of Nanobodies in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract. Front Microbiol 2019. [PMCID: PMC6346216 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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9
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Škrlec K, Ručman R, Jarc E, Sikirić P, Švajger U, Petan T, Perišić Nanut M, Štrukelj B, Berlec A. Engineering recombinant Lactococcus lactis as a delivery vehicle for BPC-157 peptide with antioxidant activities. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:10103-10117. [PMID: 30191288 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9333-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are attractive hosts for the expression of heterologous proteins and can be engineered to deliver therapeutic proteins or peptides to mucosal surfaces. The gastric stable pentadecapeptide BPC-157 is able to prevent and treat gastrointestinal inflammation by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we used LAB Lactococcus lactis as a vector to deliver BPC-157 by surface display and trypsin shedding or by secretion to the growth medium. Surface display of BPC-157 was achieved by fusing it with basic membrane protein A (BmpA) or with the peptidoglycan binding domain of AcmA and Usp45 secretion signal. While the expression of BmpA-fusion proteins was higher than that of AcmA/Usp45-fusion protein, the surface display ability of BPC-157 was approximately 14-fold higher with AcmA/Usp45-fusion protein. Release of BPC-157 from the bacterial surface or from isolated fusion proteins by trypsinization was demonstrated with anti-BPC-157 antibodies or by mass spectrometry. The concentration of BPC-157 delivered by surface display via AcmA/Usp45-fusion was 30 ng/ml. This increased to 117 ng/ml by Usp45 signal-mediated secretion, making the latter the most effective lactococcal delivery approach for BPC-157. Secreted BPC-157 significantly decreased ROS production in 149BR fibroblast cell model, suggesting its potential benefit in the treatment of intestinal inflammations. Additionally, a comparison of different modes of small peptide delivery by L. lactis, performed in the present study, will facilitate the future use of L. lactis as peptide delivery vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Škrlec
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Graduate School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Eva Jarc
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Predrag Sikirić
- Department of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Urban Švajger
- Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Toni Petan
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Borut Štrukelj
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Berlec
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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10
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Škrlec K, Pucer Janež A, Rogelj B, Štrukelj B, Berlec A. Evasin-displaying lactic acid bacteria bind different chemokines and neutralize CXCL8 production in Caco-2 cells. Microb Biotechnol 2017; 10:1732-1743. [PMID: 28736998 PMCID: PMC5658612 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are key signals in the immune system and play an important role as proinflammatory mediators in the pathology of inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer, making them an important target for therapy. Recombinant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were engineered to bind CC and CXC chemokines by displaying chemokine‐binding proteins evasin‐1, evasin‐3 and evasin‐4 on their surface. Evasin genes were cloned into lactococcal surface display vector and overexpressed in L. lactis NZ9000 and NZ9000ΔhtrA in fusion with secretion signal and surface anchor. Evasin‐displaying bacteria removed from 15% to 90% of 11 different chemokines from the solution as determined with ELISA and Luminex multiplexing assays, whereby L. lactis NZ9000ΔhtrA proved more efficient. Lactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741 was coated with L. . lactis‐expressed evasin fusion protein, and its ability to bind chemokines was also confirmed. Evasin‐3‐displaying L. lactis removed 76.0% of IL‐1β‐induced CXCL8 from the supernatant of Caco‐2 epithelial cells. It also prevented secretion of CXCL8 from Caco‐2 cells in a time‐dependent manner when added before induction with IL‐1β. Evasin‐displaying LAB have the ability to bind multiple chemokines simultaneously and exert synergistic activity. This innovative treatment approach therefore has the potential for mucosal therapy of inflammatory bowel disease or colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Škrlec
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Graduate School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Pucer Janež
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Biomedical Research Institute (BRIS), Puhova 10, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Borut Štrukelj
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Berlec
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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11
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Surface display on lactic acid bacteria without genetic modification: strategies and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:9407-9421. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7842-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Zadravec P, Marečková L, Petroková H, Hodnik V, Perišić Nanut M, Anderluh G, Štrukelj B, Malý P, Berlec A. Development of Recombinant Lactococcus lactis Displaying Albumin-Binding Domain Variants against Shiga Toxin 1 B Subunit. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162625. [PMID: 27606705 PMCID: PMC5015993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections with shiga toxin-producing bacteria, like enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae, represent a serious medical problem. No specific and effective treatment is available for patients with these infections, creating a need for the development of new therapies. Recombinant lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis was engineered to bind Shiga toxin by displaying novel designed albumin binding domains (ABD) against Shiga toxin 1 B subunit (Stx1B) on their surface. Functional recombinant Stx1B was produced in Escherichia coli and used as a target for selection of 17 different ABD variants (named S1B) from the ABD scaffold-derived high-complex combinatorial library in combination with a five-round ribosome display. Two most promising S1Bs (S1B22 and S1B26) were characterized into more details by ELISA, surface plasmon resonance and microscale thermophoresis. Addition of S1Bs changed the subcellular distribution of Stx1B, completely eliminating it from Golgi apparatus most likely by interfering with its retrograde transport. All ABD variants were successfully displayed on the surface of L. lactis by fusing to the Usp45 secretion signal and to the peptidoglycan-binding C terminus of AcmA. Binding of Stx1B by engineered lactococcal cells was confirmed using flow cytometry and whole cell ELISA. Lactic acid bacteria prepared in this study are potentially useful for the removal of Shiga toxin from human intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Zadravec
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- The Chair of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lucie Marečková
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, v. v. i., BIOCEV Research Center, Průmyslová 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Petroková
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, v. v. i., BIOCEV Research Center, Průmyslová 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Vesna Hodnik
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milica Perišić Nanut
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Anderluh
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Borut Štrukelj
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- The Chair of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petr Malý
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, v. v. i., BIOCEV Research Center, Průmyslová 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Berlec
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- * E-mail:
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13
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Michon C, Langella P, Eijsink VGH, Mathiesen G, Chatel JM. Display of recombinant proteins at the surface of lactic acid bacteria: strategies and applications. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:70. [PMID: 27142045 PMCID: PMC4855500 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are promising vectors of choice to deliver active molecules to mucosal tissues. They are recognized as safe by the World Health Organization and some strains have probiotic properties. The wide range of potential applications of LAB-driven mucosal delivery includes control of inflammatory bowel disease, vaccine delivery, and management of auto-immune diseases. Because of this potential, strategies for the display of proteins at the surface of LAB are gaining interest. To display a protein at the surface of LAB, a signal peptide and an anchor domain are necessary. The recombinant protein can be attached to the membrane layer, using a transmembrane anchor or a lipoprotein-anchor, or to the cell wall, by a covalent link using sortase mediated anchoring via the LPXTG motif, or by non-covalent liaisons employing binding domains such as LysM or WxL. Both the stability and functionality of the displayed proteins will be affected by the kind of anchor used. The most commonly surfaced exposed recombinant proteins produced in LAB are antigens and antibodies and the most commonly used LAB are lactococci and lactobacilli. Although it is not necessarily so that surface-display is the preferred localization in all cases, it has been shown that for certain applications, such as delivery of the human papillomavirus E7 antigen, surface-display elicits better biological responses, compared to cytosolic expression or secretion. Recent developments include the display of peptides and proteins targeting host cell receptors, for the purpose of enhancing the interactions between LAB and host. Surface-display technologies have other potential applications, such as degradation of biomass, which is of importance for some potential industrial applications of LAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Michon
- />Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - P. Langella
- />Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - V. G. H. Eijsink
- />Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - G. Mathiesen
- />Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - J. M. Chatel
- />Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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14
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Wyszyńska A, Kobierecka P, Bardowski J, Jagusztyn-Krynicka EK. Lactic acid bacteria--20 years exploring their potential as live vectors for mucosal vaccination. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:2967-77. [PMID: 25750046 PMCID: PMC4365182 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a diverse group of Gram-positive, nonsporulating, low G + C content bacteria. Many of them have been given generally regarded as safe status. Over the past two decades, intensive genetic and molecular research carried out on LAB, mainly Lactococcus lactis and some species of the Lactobacillus genus, has revealed new, potential biomedical LAB applications, including the use of LAB as adjuvants, immunostimulators, or therapeutic drug delivery systems, or as factories to produce therapeutic molecules. LAB enable immunization via the mucosal route, which increases effectiveness against pathogens that use the mucosa as the major route of entry into the human body. In this review, we concentrate on the encouraging application of Lactococcus and Lactobacillus genera for the development of live mucosal vaccines. First, we present the progress that has recently been made in the field of developing tools for LAB genetic manipulations, which has resulted in the successful expression of many bacterial, parasitic, and viral antigens in LAB strains. Next, we discuss the factors influencing the efficacy of the constructed vaccine prototypes that have been tested in various animal models. Apart from the research focused on an application of live LABs as carriers of foreign antigens, a lot of work has been recently done on the potential usage of nonliving, nonrecombinant L. lactis designated as Gram-positive enhancer matrix (GEM), as a delivery system for mucosal vaccination. The advantages and disadvantages of both strategies are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wyszyńska
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
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Improvement of LysM-mediated surface display of designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) in recombinant and nonrecombinant strains of Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus Species. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:2098-106. [PMID: 25576617 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03694-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Safety and probiotic properties make lactic acid bacteria (LAB) attractive hosts for surface display of heterologous proteins. Protein display on nonrecombinant microorganisms is preferred for therapeutic and food applications due to regulatory requirements. We displayed two designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins), each possessing affinity for the Fc region of human IgG, on the surface of Lactococcus lactis by fusing them to the Usp45 secretion signal and to the peptidoglycan-binding C terminus of AcmA, containing lysine motif (LysM) repeats. Growth medium containing a secreted fusion protein was used to test its heterologous binding to 10 strains of species of the genus Lactobacillus, using flow cytometry, whole-cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and fluorescence microscopy. The fusion proteins bound to the surfaces of all lactobacilli; however, binding to the majority of bacteria was only 2- to 5-fold stronger than that of the control. Lactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741 demonstrated exceptionally strong binding (32- to 55-fold higher than that of the control) and may therefore be an attractive host for nonrecombinant surface display. Genomic comparison of the species indicated the exopolysaccharides of Lb. salivarius as a possible reason for the difference. Additionally, a 15-fold concentration-dependent increase in nonrecombinant surface display on L. lactis was demonstrated by growing bacteria with sublethal concentrations of the antibiotics chloramphenicol and erythromycin. Nonrecombinant surface display on LAB, based on LysM repeats, was optimized by selecting Lactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741 as the optimal host and by introducing antibiotics as additives for increasing surface display on L. lactis. Additionally, effective display of DARPins on the surfaces of nonrecombinant LAB has opened up several new therapeutic possibilities.
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