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Zeh N, Schmidt M, Schulz P, Fischer S. The new frontier in CHO cell line development: From random to targeted transgene integration technologies. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 75:108402. [PMID: 38950872 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Cell line development represents a crucial step in the development process of a therapeutic glycoprotein. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the most frequently employed mammalian host cell system for the industrial manufacturing of biologics. The predominant application of CHO cells for heterologous recombinant protein expression lies in the relative simplicity of stably introducing ectopic DNA into the CHO host cell genome. Since CHO cells were first used as expression host for the industrial production of biologics in the late 1980s, stable genomic transgene integration has been achieved almost exclusively by random integration. Since then, random transgene integration had become the gold standard for generating stable CHO production cell lines due to a lack of viable alternatives. However, it was eventually demonstrated that this approach poses significant challenges on the cell line development process such as an increased risk of inducing cell line instability. In recent years, significant discoveries of new and highly potent (semi)-targeted transgene integration systems have paved the way for a technological revolution in the cell line development sector. These advanced methodologies comprise the application of transposase-, recombinase- or Cas9 nuclease-mediated site-specific genomic integration techniques, which enable a scarless transfer of the transgene expression cassette into transcriptionally active loci within the host cell genome. This review summarizes recent advancements in the field of transgene integration technologies for CHO cell line development and compare them to the established random integration approach. Moreover, advantages and limitations of (semi)-targeted integration techniques are discussed, and benefits and opportunities for the biopharmaceutical industry are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Zeh
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co.KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Moritz Schmidt
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co.KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Patrick Schulz
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co.KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Simon Fischer
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co.KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
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Slavny P, Hegde M, Doerner A, Parthiban K, McCafferty J, Zielonka S, Hoet R. Advancements in mammalian display technology for therapeutic antibody development and beyond: current landscape, challenges, and future prospects. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1469329. [PMID: 39381002 PMCID: PMC11459229 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1469329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The evolving development landscape of biotherapeutics and their growing complexity from simple antibodies into bi- and multi-specific molecules necessitates sophisticated discovery and engineering platforms. This review focuses on mammalian display technology as a potential solution to the pressing challenges in biotherapeutic development. We provide a comparative analysis with established methodologies, highlighting key aspects of mammalian display technology, including genetic engineering, construction of display libraries, and its pivotal role in hit selection and/or developability engineering. The review delves into the mechanisms underpinning developability-driven selection via mammalian display and their broader implications. Applications beyond antibody discovery are also explored, alongside advancements towards function-first screening technologies, precision genome engineering and AI/ML-enhanced libraries, situating them in the context of mammalian display. Overall, the review provides a comprehensive overview of the current mammalian display technology landscape, underscores the expansive potential of the technology for biotherapeutic development, addresses the critical challenges for the full realisation of this potential, and examines advances in related disciplines that might impact the future application of mammalian display technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Slavny
- Discovery & Engineering Division, Iontas Ltd./FairJourney Biologics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Manjunath Hegde
- Technology Division, Iontas/FairJourney Biologics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Achim Doerner
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Kothai Parthiban
- Discovery & Engineering Division, Iontas Ltd./FairJourney Biologics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John McCafferty
- Maxion Therapeutics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Zielonka
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Rene Hoet
- Technology Division, Iontas/FairJourney Biologics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Technology Division, FairJourney Biologics, Porto, Portugal
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Liu Y, Gu M, Wu Y, Wang W, Wang R, Du M, Ma P, Zhou X, Wang Y, Cao Y, Zhang H. High-throughput reformatting of phage-displayed antibody fragments to IgGs by one-step emulsion PCR. Protein Eng Des Sel 2019; 31:427-436. [PMID: 31096267 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzz004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-chain variable fragment (scFv) is the most common format for phage display antibody library. The isolated scFvs need to be reformatted to full-length IgGs for further characterization. High throughput reformatting of scFv to IgG without disrupting VH-VL pairing is of great demanding for exhaustive screening of all antibodies in IgG format. Herein, we developed a strategy based on the overlap extension PCR in emulsion to reformat scFv to IgG while maintain the accuracy and complexity of variable region pairing. Using CD40 as an example target, we reformatted phage display derived CD40 binding scFv library to IgG mammalian display library and isolated high affinity CD40 binding IgGs. This robust and reliable antibody reformatting approach could be integrated into any phage display based antibody drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Manping Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruikun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingjuan Du
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peixiang Ma
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingdong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Youjia Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongkai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China
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Pekle E, Smith A, Rosignoli G, Sellick C, Smales CM, Pearce C. Application of Imaging Flow Cytometry for the Characterization of Intracellular Attributes in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Lines at the Single-Cell Level. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800675. [PMID: 30925020 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Biopharmaceutical manufacturing using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells requires the generation of high-producing clonal cell lines. During cell line development, cell cloning using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) has the potential to combine isolation of single cells with sorting based on specific cellular attributes that correlate with productivity and/or growth, identifying cell lines with desirable phenotypes for manufacturing. This study describes the application of imaging flow cytometry (IFC) to characterize recombinant cell lines at the single-cell level to identify cell attributes predictive of productivity. IFC assays are developed to quantify the organelle content and recombinant heavy-chain (HC) and light-chain (LC) polypeptide as well as messenger RNA (mRNA) amounts in single cells. The assays are then validated against orthogonal standard flow cytometry, western blot, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) methods. The authors describe how these IFC assays may be used in cell line development and show how cellular properties can be correlated with productivity at the single-cell level, allowing the isolation of such cells during the cloning process. From the analysis, HC polypeptide and mRNA are found to be predictive of productivity early in the culture; however, specific organelle content did not show any correlation with productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pekle
- MedImmune, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK.,Industrial Biotechnology Centre and School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | | | | | | | - C M Smales
- Industrial Biotechnology Centre and School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK
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Ramezani A, Ghaderi A. Using a Dihydrofolate Reductase-Based Strategy for Producing the Biosimilar Version of Pertuzumab in CHO-S Cells. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2018; 37:26-37. [DOI: 10.1089/mab.2017.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ramezani
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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