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Weston K, Fulton JE, Owen J. Antigen specificity affects analysis of natural antibodies. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1448320. [PMID: 39170611 PMCID: PMC11335478 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1448320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural antibodies are used to compare immune systems across taxa, to study wildlife disease ecology, and as selection markers in livestock breeding. These immunoglobulins are present prior to immune stimulation. They are described as having low antigen specificity or polyreactive binding and are measured by binding to self-antigens or novel exogenous proteins. Most studies use only one or two antigens to measure natural antibodies and ignore potential effects of antigen specificity in analyses. It remains unclear how different antigen-specific natural antibodies are related or how diversity among natural antibodies may affect analyses of these immunoglobulins. Using genetically distinct lines of chickens as a model system, we tested the hypotheses that (1) antigen-specific natural antibodies are independent of each other and (2) antigen specificity affects the comparison of natural antibodies among animals. We used blood cell agglutination and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to measure levels of natural antibodies binding to four antigens: (i) rabbit erythrocytes, (ii) keyhole limpet hemocyanin, (iii) phytohemagglutinin, or (iv) ovalbumin. We observed that levels of antigen specific natural antibodies were not correlated. There were significant differences in levels of natural antibodies among lines of chickens, indicating genetic variation for natural antibody production. However, line distinctions were not consistent among antigen specific natural antibodies. These data show that natural antibodies are a pool of relatively distinct immunoglobulins, and that antigen specificity may affect interpretation of natural antibody function and comparative immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra Weston
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | | | - Jeb Owen
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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Guo X, An H, Guo R, Dai Z, Ying S, Wu W. The role of miR-10a-5p in LPS-induced inhibition of progesterone synthesis in goose granulosa cells by down-regulating CYP11A1. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1398728. [PMID: 38872803 PMCID: PMC11171131 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1398728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The poultry ovary is a preferred target for E. coli and Salmonella infection of tissues, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a critical molecule in infecting the organism and interfering with cell function, invading the ovaries through the cloaca and interfering with progesterone (P4) secretion by follicular granulosa cells (GCs), seriously affecting the health of breeding geese. miRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs with a variety of important regulatory roles. To investigate the mechanism of miR-10a-5p mediated LPS inhibition of progesterone synthesis in goose granulosa cells, Yangzhou geese at peak laying period were selected as experimental animals to verify the expression levels of genes and transcription factors related to progesterone synthesis. In this study, bioinformatic predictions identified miR-10a-5p target gene CYP11A1, and genes and transcription factors related to the sex steroid hormone secretion pathway were screened. We detected that LPS inhibited CYP11A1 expression while increasing miR-10a-5p expression in vivo. Progesterone decreased significantly in goose granulosa cells treatment with 1 μg/mL LPS for 24 h, while progesterone-related genes and regulatory factors were also suppressed. We also determined that the downregulation of miR-10a-5p led to CYP11A1 expression. Overexpression of miR-10a-5p suppressed LPS-induced CYP11A1 expression, resulting in decreased progesterone secretion. Our findings indicated that miR-10a-5p was up-regulated by LPS and inhibited progesterone synthesis by down-regulating CYP11A1. This study provides insight into the molecular mechanisms regulating geese reproduction and ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Guo
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Hao An
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Rihong Guo
- Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zichun Dai
- Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Shijia Ying
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenda Wu
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
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Xia B, Wu W, Fang W, Wen X, Xie J, Zhang H. Heat stress-induced mucosal barrier dysfunction is potentially associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis in pigs. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 8:289-299. [PMID: 35024466 PMCID: PMC8717382 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) can be detrimental to the gut health of swine. Many negative outcomes induced by HS are increasingly recognized as including modulation of intestinal microbiota. In turn, the intestinal microbiota is a unique ecosystem playing a critical role in mediating the host stress response. Therefore, we aimed to characterize gut microbiota of pigs’ exposure to short-term HS, to explore a possible link between the intestinal microbiota and HS-related changes, including serum cytokines, oxidation status, and intestinal epithelial barrier function. Our findings showed that HS led to intestinal morphological and integrity changes (villus height, serum diamine oxidase [DAO], serum D-lactate and the relative expressions of tight junction proteins), reduction of serum cytokines (interleukin [IL]-8, IL-12, interferon-gamma [IFN-γ]), and antioxidant activity (higher glutathione [GSH] and malondialdehyde [MDA] content, and lower superoxide dismutase [SOD]). Also, 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that although there was no difference in microbial α-diversity, some HS-associated composition differences were revealed in the ileum and cecum, which partly led to an imbalance in the production of short-chain fatty acids including propionate acid and valerate acid. Relevance networks revealed that HS-derived changes in bacterial genera and microbial metabolites, such as Chlamydia, Lactobacillus, Succinivibrio, Bifidobacterium, Lachnoclostridium, and propionic acid, were correlated with oxidative stress, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and inflammation in pigs. Collectively, our observations suggest that intestinal damage induced by HS is probably partly related to the gut microbiota dysbiosis, though the underlying mechanism remains to be fully elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weida Wu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xiaobin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingjing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
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The relation between liver damage and reproduction in female Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) exposed to high ambient temperature. Poult Sci 2020; 99:4586-4597. [PMID: 32868003 PMCID: PMC7598027 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproductive failure associated with heat stress is a well-known phenomenon in poultry. High temperatures also induce various metabolic disturbances in many animals. Because the liver plays a central role in metabolism, the present study aimed to clarify the relationship between liver and reproduction in Japanese quails exposed to high temperatures. In the consecutive 20-D experimental period, quails were treated with 25°C (control) or 34°C (heat) from 12:00 to 16:00. Eggs were collected for hatching. On completion of the experimental period, quails were humanely euthanized for hormone analyses (e.g., serum and ovarian follicles). Serum metabolites were analyzed using GC/MS. Liver and ovary samples were collected for mRNA levels, histomorphology, and metabolic analysis. Ovary and oviduct weights significantly decreased after daily heat exposure. The number and weight of hierarchical follicles also decreased. Consequently, egg weight decreased. Although there was no difference in fertilization rate, chick birth weight significantly decreased in the heated group. Corticosterone and 17β-estradiol in the serum significantly increased in the heated group. Yolk corticosterone and 17β-estradiol concentration and content were higher in the heated group. Ovary sterologenic enzymes gene P450scc and estrogen receptor expression level increased. The FSH receptor decreased in heat-stressed quails. MetaboAnalyst analysis indicated that high temperature affects propanoate metabolism, beta-alanine metabolism, aspartate metabolism, and histidine metabolism. Triglyceride and cholesterol levels in the liver increased in the heated group. The heated group also had an increased mRNA expression of AGPAT5, apoptosis gene caspase3, and the immunocytokine genes IL-6 and TLR4. However, NF-κB gene expression decreased. These results suggest that high temperatures affect lipid metabolism and apoptosis and cause inflammation in the liver. High temperature induced ovarian dysfunction, which resulted in the decline of hierarchical follicle number and weight, egg weight, and chick birth weight. The increased level of 17β-estradiol suggests liver damage. Protecting liver function from damage may assist quails cope in summer.
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Lelono A, Robledo-Ruiz DA, Berghof TVL, Parmentier HK, Riedstra B, Groothuis TG. Does paternal immunocompetence affect offspring vulnerability to maternal androgens? A study in domestic chickens. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.045096. [PMID: 31748241 PMCID: PMC6899007 DOI: 10.1242/bio.045096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of yolk androgens can positively stimulate chick growth and competitive ability, but may negatively affect immunity. It has been hypothesized that only chicks from immunologically superior fathers can bear the cost of prenatal exposure to high androgen levels. To test this hypothesis, we paired roosters from two selection lines, one up- and one down-selected for natural antibodies (NAbs), with hens from a control line. We measured yolk testosterone and androstenedione levels, and we injected the treatment group of eggs of each female with testosterone suspended in sesame oil and the control group with sesame oil only. We then measured hatching success and growth, and characterized the humoral and cellular immune responses using three different challenges: a phyto-hemagglutinin, a lipopolysaccharide and a sheep red blood cell challenge. We found that the hatching success, body mass, initial levels of natural antibodies and the chicks’ immunological responses to the three different challenges and development were affected neither by paternal immunocompetence nor by treatment. These results do not support the hypothesis that chicks from low-NAb line fathers are more sensitive to testosterone exposure during embryonic development than chicks from high-NAb line fathers. Summary: Our study shows that there were no effects of paternal natural antibody line, increased embryonic testosterone exposure or the interaction of both on immunocompetence of chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmoro Lelono
- Behavioural Biology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands .,Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Jember, 68121 Jember, East Java, The Republic of Indonesia
| | - Diana A Robledo-Ruiz
- Behavioural Biology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom V L Berghof
- Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research Animal Breeding and Genomics, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk K Parmentier
- Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research Adaptation Physiology, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bernd Riedstra
- Behavioural Biology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ton G Groothuis
- Behavioural Biology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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7
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Pu S, Nagaoka K, Watanabe G. Yolk immunoreactive corticosterone in hierarchical follicles of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) exposed to heat challenge. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 279:148-153. [PMID: 30898528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
High temperature decreases the egg number, ovarian weight, and hierarchical follicle number. In the present study, we investigated the effect of high temperature on the quality of eggs of adult female quails. Laying quail were raised under a standard thermal condition of 25 °C until exposed to an elevated temperature of 34 °C (experimental) or maintained at 25 °C (control) from 12:00 to 16:00 for 10 consecutive days. Weight and number of eggs were measured; serum and the largest follicles were collected and used for hormone measurement. Ovaries and adrenals were collected for expression analysis of 3β- and 17β-HSD, genes encoding steroidogenic enzymes. Egg weight slightly decreased with an increase in the treatment time in the heat-challenged group; the egg weight significantly decreased in the heat treatment group than in the control group during the last 2 days of experiment (P < 0.05). The laying rate showed no difference during the experimental period but significantly decreased on the last day in the heat treatment group. In the experimental group the ovaries and oviducts were lighter (P < 0.05) and the hierarchical follicle number and ovarian weight decreased (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. Although serum corticosterone level significantly increased after heat challenge (P < 0.05) and immediately recovered to the normal level, yolk immunoreactive corticosterone in the hierarchical follicle (F1, F2, F3) significantly increased (P < 0.05). The expression level of 17β-HSD showed no changes in the ovary but significantly increased in adrenals (P < 0.05). Our findings indicate that the effects of heat challenge on the maternal ovary in the quail are mediated through the adrenal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxia Pu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nagaoka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Gen Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
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Cecchini S, Rufrano D, Caputo AR. Natural antibodies and their relationship with total immunoglobulins and acquired antibody response in goat kid (Capra hircus, L. 1758) serum. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 211:38-43. [PMID: 31084892 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Natural antibodies (NAb) are antibodies that can bind to a particular antigen without any apparent antigenic stimulation. In this paper, a careful analysis has been carried out on NAb levels in goat kid serum; possible correlations with the total immunoglobulin (tot-Ig) levels and specific antibody (SpAb) response were considered. Twenty randomly chosen kids were submitted to a first blood sampling (day 0). After 60 and 100 days, new blood samplings were carried out in the same animals. On day 0, after blood collection, all animals were immunized with a commercial vaccine; the immunization was repeated 30 days apart. Some exogenous antigens were tested to verify their immunoreactivity to NAb. Among them, the synthetic hapten 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl (TNP) conjugated with bovine serum albumin, resulted as the antigen with the higher immunoreactivity to NAb. Tot-Ig levels increased over time (p < 0.001). On the contrary, NAb levels, both IgG- and IgM-isotypes, significantly decreased during the experimental period (p < 0.001 and <0.05, respectively). Linear regression analyses showed a high correlation between IgM-NAb and tot-IgM levels (p < 0.001) at all the evaluated sampling times. However, a significant correlation between IgG-NAb and IgM-NAb was found only at the 1st (p < 0.01) and at the 2nd sampling (p < 0.05). No significant correlations were found between SpAb response and the other assessed humoral immune parameters. The obtained results are discussed in the light of the possible use of NAb assessment for the evaluation of the immune system activity in goat.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cecchini
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
| | - D Rufrano
- Veterinarian Consultant, 84020 Petina SA, Italy
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Sersun Calefi A, Quinteiro-Filho WM, de Siqueira A, Nascimento Lima AP, Gimenes Cruz DS, Queiroz Hazarbassanov N, Auciello Salvagni F, Borsoi A, de Oliveira Massoco Salles Gomes C, Maiorka PC, Piantino Ferreira AJ, Palermo-Neto J. Heat stress, Eimeria spp. and C. perfringens infections alone or in combination modify gut Th1/Th2 cytokine balance and avian necrotic enteritis pathogenesis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 210:28-37. [PMID: 30947977 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Information on the dynamics of the chicken immune system during bacterial or parasite challenge in the presence or absence of stressful situations may provide a better understanding of the complex mechanisms behind these diseases. Necrotic enteritis (NE) had been controlled previously by the proper use of antimicrobial agents; however, more recently, NE has reemerged in many countries. The imposed restrictions on antimicrobial use and/or the intensive productive programs implemented by producers are challenges the birds, leading to large host adaptive responses that in many instances are like those elicited by stressors. This study analyses the effects of heat stress on Th1/Th2 cytokine balance, pathological features, and Toll-like receptor expression in the small intestine of broiler chickens infected with Clostridium perfringens type A in the presence or absence of Eimeria spp. co-infection. This co-infection model was experimentally used because it reproduces the findings commonly observed in the field during avian NE. For this purpose, broiler chickens infected with C. perfringens and/or Eimeria spp. were reared in isolator chambers subjected or not to heat stress intermittently. It was observed that heat stress directs the expression of Th2-type cytokines, increases Toll-like receptor 4 expression in the intestine and reduces the disease severity induced by Eimeria spp. and C. perfringens infections alone or in combination, most likely as a consequence of stress-induced changes in brain-gut axis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilio Sersun Calefi
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Adriana de Siqueira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Nascimento Lima
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Sanzio Gimenes Cruz
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Auciello Salvagni
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderlise Borsoi
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo César Maiorka
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - João Palermo-Neto
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Pu S, Usuda K, Nagaoka K, Watanabe G. Heat challenge influences serum metabolites concentrations and liver lipid metabolism in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:77-83. [PMID: 30464091 PMCID: PMC6361640 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High temperature induces various metabolic disturbances in animals. However, no comprehensive information is currently available on the metabolic pathway affected by high environmental temperature. The present study examined metabolite content in the serum of heat challenged quails using metabolomic analysis. In the present study, female quails with normal laying rate at 20 weeks kept in standard condition (control group) or exposed to 34°C 4 hr per day (12:00 to 16:00 hr)(heat group) for 10 consecutive days. The metabolomic analysis identified 165 metabolites in the serum, and significant differences were observed in the serum for 7 metabolites between two groups. An analysis by MetaboAnalyst, a web-based metabolome data tool, indicate that high temperature affect ketone body metabolism, butyrate metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism. Furthermore, histological examination of liver indicates a heat challenge induced abnormal lipid metabolism. Triglyceride and cholesterol level in the liver increased, however cholesterol level decreased in the serum. Genes related to lipid metabolism significantly increased in the liver after heat challenge. The present study demonstrated that high temperature cause liver damage, thus lipid metabolic was affected. Protect liver under high temperature could be one solution for coping with high temperatures in summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxia Pu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kento Usuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nagaoka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Gen Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Monson MS, Van Goor AG, Ashwell CM, Persia ME, Rothschild MF, Schmidt CJ, Lamont SJ. Immunomodulatory effects of heat stress and lipopolysaccharide on the bursal transcriptome in two distinct chicken lines. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:643. [PMID: 30165812 PMCID: PMC6117931 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5033-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to heat stress suppresses poultry immune responses, which can increase susceptibility to infectious diseases and, thereby, intensify the negative effects of heat on poultry welfare and performance. Identifying genes and pathways that are affected by high temperatures, especially heat-induced changes in immune responses, could provide targets to improve disease resistance in chickens. This study utilized RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to investigate transcriptome responses in the bursa of Fabricius, a primary immune tissue, after exposure to acute heat stress and/or subcutaneous immune stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a 2 × 2 factorial design: Thermoneutral + Saline, Heat + Saline, Thermoneutral + LPS and Heat + LPS. All treatments were investigated in two chicken lines: a relatively heat- and disease-resistant Fayoumi line and a more susceptible broiler line. Results Differential expression analysis determined that Heat + Saline had limited impact on gene expression (N = 1 or 63 genes) in broiler or Fayoumi bursa. However, Thermoneutral + LPS and Heat + LPS generated many expression changes in Fayoumi bursa (N = 368 and 804 genes). Thermoneutral + LPS was predicted to increase immune-related cell signaling and cell migration, while Heat + LPS would activate mortality-related functions and decrease expression in WNT signaling pathways. Further inter-treatment comparisons in the Fayoumi line revealed that heat stress prevented many of the expression changes caused by LPS. Although fewer significant expression changes were observed in the broiler bursa after exposure to Thermoneutral + LPS (N = 59 genes) or to Heat + LPS (N = 146 genes), both treatments were predicted to increase cell migration. Direct comparison between lines (broiler to Fayoumi) confirmed that each line had distinct responses to treatment. Conclusions Transcriptome analysis identified genes and pathways involved in bursal responses to heat stress and LPS and elucidated that these effects were greatest in the combined treatment. The interaction between heat and LPS was line dependent, with suppressive expression changes primarily in the Fayoumi line. Potential target genes, especially those involved in cell migration and immune signaling, can inform future research on heat stress in poultry and could prove useful for improving disease resistance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5033-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S Monson
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Michael E Persia
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Max F Rothschild
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Carl J Schmidt
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Susan J Lamont
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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12
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Geng Y, Ma Q, Wang Z, Guo Y. Dietary vitamin D 3 supplementation protects laying hens against lipopolysaccharide-induced immunological stress. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:58. [PMID: 30116287 PMCID: PMC6086064 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0293-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of vitamin D on the immune function of laying hens are not well understood. This study investigated the effects of vitamin D3 (VD3) on laying performance and immunological functions in laying hens under Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Methods In experiment one, 360 Jinghong-1 strain layers (32 weeks) were randomly divided into four groups with six replicates per group and 15 hens per replicate. Hens were fed a basal diet supplemented with different levels of VD3 (0; 500; 1500; or 3000 IU VD3/kg of diet) for 10 weeks to determine laying performance, egg quality, and other parameters. In experiment two, 24 Jinghong laying hens (32 weeks) were fed basal diets with either 0 or 3000 IU VD3/kg of diet. After 10 weeks of feeding, six hens from each treatment were injected intravenously with 8 mg/kg of body weight of either LPS or saline. Blood and spleen samples were obtained for immune parameter analysis 4 h after injection. Results VD3 deficiency reduced egg production and egg quality; in addition, feed intake and feed-to-egg ratio increased. No significant differences were observed in these parameters except eggshell strength between dietary VD3 supplemental levels at 500; 1500; and 3000 IU VD3/kg of diet. VD3 deficiency increased serum hormone (calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, estradiol, and progesterone) and cytokine (IL-6, IL-10) levels, the ratio of IFN-γ to IL-4, myeloperoxidase activity and total IgG content in the serum, and upregulated the blood CD3+ T cell population. Splenic retinoid X receptor (RXR), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) gene mRNA levels were upregulated in VD3-deficienct hens. VD3 deficiency significantly reduced serum Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations and the number of CD4+CD25+ T cells in the blood. These changes were completely normalized by VD3 sufficiency. LPS reduced serum LH concentration, splenic lysozyme, and pIgR gene mRNA levels. LPS induced an increase in total serum IgM levels and the percentage of CD8+ T cells in the blood. The changes were completely reversed by VD3 addition. Conclusion VD3 supplementation could protect laying hens not only from VD3 deficiency but also from immunological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiang Geng
- State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiugang Ma
- State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Wang
- State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China
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13
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Naghizadeh M, Wattrang E, Kjærup RB, Bakke M, Shih S, Dalgaard TS. In vitro phagocytosis of opsonized latex beads by HD11 cells as a method to assess the general opsonization potential of chicken serum. Avian Pathol 2018; 47:479-488. [PMID: 29920114 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2018.1490006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Opsonins, an important arm of the innate immune system, are various soluble proteins, which play a critical role in destruction of invading pathogens directly or via engulfment of pathogens through the intermediate of phagocytosis. The diversity of opsonin profiles is under genetic influence and may be associated with variation in disease resistance. The aim of this study was to set up an assay to determine serum opsonophagocytic potential (OPp) for chicken sera by flow cytometry and to evaluate the assay using samples from different chicken lines. Two chicken lines selected for high and low concentrations of mannose-binding lectin, a known opsonin, in serum were used to establish the method. Furthermore, the presumed "robust" Hellevad chickens and two other commercial chicken lines (Hisex and Bovans) were tested to evaluate OPp as a parameter reflecting general immune competence. The results showed that Hellevad and Bovans chickens had higher OPp than Hisex chickens. There were no correlations between concentrations of total IgY or mannose-binding lectin and OPp. However, a strong positive correlation was observed between vaccine-induced infectious bronchitis virus titres and OPp. Moreover, inverse relationships were observed between concentrations of total serum IgM as well as natural antibody levels, and OPp. In conclusion, in vitro opsonophagocytosis assessment and determination of OPp may be of relevance when addressing general innate immunocompetence. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS A flow cytometry method was developed to assess poultry serum opsonophagocytosis potential. This method is based on serum-opsonin-coated polystyrene beads and HD11 cell phagocytosis. Serum samples from different commercial chicken lines were compared. Opsonophagocytic potential may be included in assay panels for general immune competence of poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Naghizadeh
- a Department of Poultry Science , Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran.,b Department of Animal Science , Aarhus University , Tjele , Denmark
| | - Eva Wattrang
- c Department of Microbiology , National Veterinary Institute , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Rikke B Kjærup
- b Department of Animal Science , Aarhus University , Tjele , Denmark
| | - Maja Bakke
- b Department of Animal Science , Aarhus University , Tjele , Denmark
| | - Sandra Shih
- b Department of Animal Science , Aarhus University , Tjele , Denmark
| | - Tina S Dalgaard
- b Department of Animal Science , Aarhus University , Tjele , Denmark
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14
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van der Meer Y, Lammers A, Jansman AJM, Rijnen MMJA, Hendriks WH, Gerrits WJJ. Performance of pigs kept under different sanitary conditions affected by protein intake and amino acid supplementation. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:4704-4719. [PMID: 27898965 PMCID: PMC7199661 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that requirements for particular AA increase when pigs are kept under low sanitary conditions. The extent to which reduction in growth performance is related to these increased requirements is unclear. To evaluate this relationship, an experiment (2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement) was performed with 612 male pigs (9 per pen) kept under low sanitary conditions (LSC) or high sanitary conditions (HSC) and offered ad libitum access to either a normal CP concentration diet (NP; 17, 15, and 15% CP for the starter, grower, and finisher phase, respectively) or a low CP concentration diet (LP; 20% CP reduced relative to NP for each phase), each of which containing a basal AA profile (AA-B) or a supplemented AA profile (AA-S). The supplemented diet type contained 20% more Met, Thr, and Trp relative to Lys on an apparent ileal digestible basis compared with the basal diet type. Pigs were followed for a complete fattening period and slaughtered at a targeted pen weight of 110 kg. Haptoglobin concentrations in serum (0.92 g/L for LSC and 0.78 g/L for HSC) and IgG antibody titers against keyhole limpet hemocyanin (3.53 for LSC and 3.08 for HSC) collected in the starter, grower, and finisher phases and pleuritis scores at slaughter (0.51 for LSC and 0.20 for HSC) were greater for LSC pigs compared with HSC pigs ( ≤ 0.01), illustrating that sanitary conditions affected health conditions. The ADG and G:F were greater for HSC pigs compared with LSC pigs ( ≤ 0.01). The number of white blood cells (WBC) was higher in (AA-S)-fed pigs compared with (AA-B)-fed pigs when kept at LSC but not at HSC [SS (sanitary conditions) × AA interaction, = 0.04]. Pigs fed NP had a lower number of WBC compared with pigs fed LP ( = 0.02). The number of platelets in pigs fed AA-S diets was higher compared with pigs fed AA-B diets ( ≤ 0.01). A 20% reduction in dietary supplementation of Met, Thr, and Trp relative to Lys decreased G:F more in LSC pigs than in HSC pigs (interaction, = 0.03), illustrating that dietary requirements for these AA differ depending on sanitary conditions. This study, performed under practical conditions, shows that AA requirements are dependent on sanitary conditions. Furthermore, supplementation of diets with particular AA may improve performance, especially under poor hygienic conditions. Dietary protein concentration as well as Met, Thr, and Trp supplementation can modify immune status, which may influence resistance to subclinical and clinical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. van der Meer
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6708 WD, the Netherlands
- De Heus Animal Nutrition, Ede, 6717 VE, the Netherlands
| | - A. Lammers
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6708 WD, the Netherlands
| | - A. J. M. Jansman
- Wageningen UR, Livestock Research, Wageningen, 6708 WD, the Netherlands
| | | | - W. H. Hendriks
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6708 WD, the Netherlands
| | - W. J. J. Gerrits
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6708 WD, the Netherlands
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Cecchini S, Rossetti M, Tomaso FD, Caputo AR. Evaluation of the effects of dexamethasone-induced stress on levels of natural antibodies in immunized laying hens. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 177:35-41. [PMID: 27436442 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural antibodies (NAb) are an important humoral component of innate immunity, playing a pivotal role as first line of defence against pathogens even without prior antigen-specific activation or antigen-driven selection. The levels of NAb in plasma of young laying hens were explored in more detail and identified 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl bovine serum albumin (TNP-BSA), as the non-self antigen showing the highest levels of IgΥ- and IgM-NAb. Subsequently, the relation between specific antibody (SpAb) levels and NAb levels, and the effect of dexamethasone (DEX)-induced stress on the acquired Ab response and on NAb levels were examined. According to obtained results, the affinity of NAb and SpAb, measured using the thiocyanate elution method, resulted higher in SpAb than in NAb. After stress induction, IgM-NAb and SpAb levels showed a transient decrease, whereas the levels of IgΥ-NAb were not changed. Moreover, statistical analysis showed positive correlations between IgΥ- and IgM-NAb levels and between IgM-NAb and SpAb levels that are lost as stress has been induced, whereas no correlation was observed between IgΥ-NAb and SpAb levels, neither before nor after the DEX-administration. This indicates that IgM-NAb assessment could be a valid tool to estimate the potential of the acquired Ab response and that the dexamethasone-induced stress condition causes depression of IgM-NAb levels and the acquired Ab response, but it has no evaluable effects on IgΥ-NAb levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cecchini
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
| | - Michele Rossetti
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Tomaso
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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Książek A, Konarzewski M. Heat dissipation does not suppress an immune response in laboratory mice divergently selected for basal metabolic rate (BMR). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 219:1542-51. [PMID: 26944492 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.129312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The capacity for heat dissipation is considered to be one of the most important constraints on rates of energy expenditure in mammals. To date, the significance of this constraint has been tested exclusively under peak metabolic demands, such as during lactation. Here, we used a different set of metabolic stressors, which do not induce maximum energy expenditures and yet are likely to expose the potential constraining effect of heat dissipation. We compared the physiological responses of mice divergently selected for high (H-BMR) and low basal metabolic rate (L-BMR) to simultaneous exposure to the keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) antigen and high ambient temperature (Ta). At 34°C (and at 23°C, used as a control), KLH challenge resulted in a transient increase in core body temperature (Tb) in mice of both line types (by approximately 0.4°C). Warm exposure did not produce line-type-dependent differences in Tb (which was consistently higher by ca. 0.6°C in H-BMR mice across both Ta values), nor did it result in the suppression of antibody synthesis. These findings were also supported by the lack of between-line-type differences in the mass of the thymus, spleen or lymph nodes. Warm exposure induced the downsizing of heat-generating internal organs (small intestine, liver and kidneys) and an increase in intrascapular brown adipose tissue mass. However, these changes were similar in scope in both line types. Mounting a humoral immune response in selected mice was therefore not affected by ambient temperature. Thus, a combined metabolic challenge of high Ta and an immune response did not appreciably compromise the capacity to dissipate heat, even in the H-BMR mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Książek
- Institute of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, Białystok 15-245, Poland
| | - Marek Konarzewski
- Institute of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, Białystok 15-245, Poland
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17
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Calefi AS, de Siqueira A, Namazu LB, Costola-de-Souza C, Honda BBT, Ferreira AJP, Quinteiro-Filho WM, da Silva Fonseca JG, Palermo-Neto J. Effects of heat stress on the formation of splenic germinal centres and immunoglobulins in broilers infected by Clostridium perfringens type A. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 171:38-46. [PMID: 26964716 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Avian necrotic enteritis (NE) induced by Clostridium perfringens is a disease that affects mainly the first weeks of poultry's life. The pathogenesis of NE is complex and involves the combination of several factors, such as co-infection with different species of coccidia, immunosuppression and stress. Stress is one of the main limiting factors in poultry production. Although several studies emphasized the effects of stress on immunity, few works analyzed these effects on immunoglobulins and on germinal centres (GCs), which are specialized microenvironments, responsible for generating immune cells with high affinity antibodies and memory B-lymphocytes. Thus, the effects of heat stress associated or not with thioglycolate broth culture medium intake and/or C. perfringens infection on corticosterone serum levels, spleen GCs development and immunoglobulin production in broilers were evaluated. Results showed that heat stress, thioglycolate and C. perfringens per se increased corticosterone serum levels, although this was not observed in heat stressed and thioglycolate and C. perfringens-treated chickens. The serum levels of IgA, IgM and IgY were differently affected by heat stress and/or infection/thioglycolate. Heat stress decreased the duodenal concentrations of sIgA, which was accompanied by a reduction in GCs number in the duodenal lamina propria; a trend to similar findings of sIgA concentrations was observed in the chickens' jejunum. Changes in spleen and Bursa of Fabricius relative weights as well as in spleen morphometry were also noted in heat stressed animals, infected or not. Together, these data suggest that heat stress change GCs formation in chickens infected or not, which that may lead to failures in vaccination protocols as well as in the poultries' host resistance to infectious diseases during periods of exposure to heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atílio Sersun Calefi
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Adriana de Siqueira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lilian Bernadete Namazu
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carolina Costola-de-Souza
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Bueno Takashi Honda
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Antonio José Piantino Ferreira
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Wanderley Moreno Quinteiro-Filho
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Garcia da Silva Fonseca
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - João Palermo-Neto
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Sun B, Ma J, Zhang J, Su L, Xie Q, Gao Y, Zhu J, Shu D, Bi Y. Lycopene reduces the negative effects induced by lipopolysaccharide in breeding hens. Br Poult Sci 2014; 55:628-34. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2014.956688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Butler MW, McGraw KJ. Immune function is related to adult carotenoid and bile pigment levels, but not dietary carotenoid access during development, in female mallard ducks. J Exp Biol 2013; 216:2632-40. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.082982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Summary
Immune function can be modulated by multiple physiological factors, including nutrition and reproductive state. Because these factors can vary throughout an individual’s lifetime due to environmental conditions (e.g. nutrition) or life-history stage (e.g. adult reproduction), we must carefully examine the degree to which developmental versus adult conditions shape performance of the immune system. We investigated how variation in dietary access to carotenoid pigments – a class of molecules with immunostimulatory properties that females deposit into egg yolks – during three different developmental time points affected adult immunological and reproductive traits in female mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). In males and females of other avian species, carotenoid access during development affects carotenoid assimilation ability, adult sexual ornamentation, and immune function, while carotenoid access at adulthood can increase immune response and reproductive investment (e.g. egg-laying capacity, biliverdin deposition in eggshells). We failed to find effects of developmental carotenoid supplementation on adult immune function (phytohemagglutinin-induced cutaneous immune response, antibody production in response to the novel antigen keyhole limpet hemocyanin [KLH], or oxidative burst, assessed by change in circulating nitric oxide levels), carotenoid-pigmented beak coloration, ovarian development, circulating carotenoid levels, or concentration of bile pigments in the gall bladder. However, we did uncover positive relationships between circulating carotenoid levels at adulthood and KLH-specific antibody production, and a negative relationship between biliverdin concentration in bile and KLH-specific antibody production. These results are consistent with the view that adult physiological parameters better predict current immune function than do developmental conditions and highlight a possible, previously unstudied relationship between biliverdin and immune system performance.
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Tirawattanawanich C, Chantakru S, Nimitsantiwong W, Tongyai S. The effects of tropical environmental conditions on the stress and immune responses of commercial broilers, Thai indigenous chickens, and crossbred chickens. J APPL POULTRY RES 2011. [DOI: 10.3382/japr.2010-00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Star L, Juul-Madsen H, Decuypere E, Nieuwland M, de Vries Reilingh G, van den Brand H, Kemp B, Parmentier H. Effect of early life thermal conditioning and immune challenge on thermotolerance and humoral immune competence in adult laying hens. Poult Sci 2009; 88:2253-61. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2008-00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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22
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Minozzi G, Guéméné D, Couty M, Gourichon D, Minvielle F, Pinard-van der Laan M. Circulating Corticosterone Reaction to Restraint and Adrenocorticotropin Hormone Administration in White Leghorns Selected for Immune Response Traits. Poult Sci 2008; 87:2225-30. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2008-00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Star L, Decuypere E, Parmentier HK, Kemp B. Effect of single or combined climatic and hygienic stress in four layer lines: 2. Endocrine and oxidative stress responses. Poult Sci 2008; 87:1031-8. [PMID: 18492989 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2007-00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of long-term climatic stress (heat exposure), short-term hygienic stress [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)], or combined exposure to these stressors on endocrine and oxidative stress parameters of 4 layer lines (B1, WA, WB, and WF) were investigated. The lines were earlier characterized for natural humoral immune competence and survival rate. Eighty hens per line were randomly divided over 2 identical climate chambers and exposed to constant high temperature (32 degrees C) or a control temperature (21 degrees C) for 23 d. Half of the hens housed in each chamber were i.v. injected with LPS at d 1 after the start of the heat stress period. The effect of heat, LPS, or combined exposure on plasma levels of corticosterone, 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T(3)), glucose, uric acid (UA), and TBA reacting substances (TBARS) were investigated. Except for UA, there were no interactions between heat stress and LPS administration. Heat stress enhanced levels of corticosterone, glucose, and TBARS, whereas levels of T(3) and UA were decreased. The T(3) levels, however, were enhanced by LPS administration, whereas levels of UA were decreased. Administration of LPS had no effect on levels of corticosterone and TBARS. Because both stressors caused a reduction in feed intake, it is assumed that changes in most of the plasma levels of the endocrine and oxidative stress parameters are related with the reduction in feed intake. Neither natural humoral immune competence nor survival rate, for which the lines have been characterized, was indicative for the endocrine and oxidative stress responses to different stressors. The present data suggest that hens were able to cope with single or combined heat stress and LPS administration and that heat stress and LPS administration acted like 2 independent stressors. Furthermore, the 4 layer lines differed in response patterns and response levels; line WB was physiologically most sensitive to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Star
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
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