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McCarty DB, Clary-Williams E, LeBLond KD, Liu T, Zbornik-Thompson T, Ulrich JN, Go MS. Interdisciplinary collaborative eye examinations to protect preterm infant neurodevelopment: a quality improvement project. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1354033. [PMID: 38770256 PMCID: PMC11102993 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1354033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Infants born <31 weeks gestational age with birth weight ≤ 1,500 grams receive routine eye examinations to screen for Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) while in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) to help prevent vision threatening complications; however, preterm infants' sensory systems are underdeveloped, and repeated exposure to painful stimuli is associated with worse developmental outcomes. Methods An interdisciplinary NICU team designed a collaborative eye exam model (CEEM) incorporating best practice recommendations for infant pain control during exams. Pain scores and vital signs were recorded before, during, and after exams. Two sets of mixed-effects regression models with a random intercept on infants were established to investigate relationships between the intervention, birth gestational age (BGA), postmenstrual age (PMA), and outcomes associated with painful stimuli. Survey feedback was elicited from NICU stakeholders about the CEEM. Results Thirty standard of care (SC) and 35 CEEM exams of 37 infants were included in final analysis. In infants of the same BGA, the number of desaturation events was significantly reduced in the CEEM group (p = 0.003) and became 1.53 times smaller with each additional week of BGA (p = 0.009). Probability of heart rate recovery within 15 min lowered significantly in the CEEM group (p = 0.04). In SC or CEEM or between infants of the same PMA, no differences were observed for bradycardia, heart rate range, chance of heart rate recovery, or pain scores. Increases in tachycardia (p < 0.001) events and desaturations p = 0.006 were discovered in the CEEM group. When considering interaction effects, the CEEM appeared to reduce the number of desaturations to a greater degree for infants at earliest BGAs with attenuation of this effect with greater BGA. Regarding PMA, bradycardia and tachycardia events were reduced for infants across PMAs in the CEEM, but the effect for tachycardia improves with age, while the effect for bradycardia diminishes with age. Stakeholders agreed that the infant's eye exam experience and the staff experience was "very much" improved by the CEEM. Discussion Despite variable findings in selected outcome measures, the CEEM was positively viewed by staff. Infants may benefit from the CEEM differently based on BGA and PMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana B. McCarty
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Erika Clary-Williams
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Services, Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Kristen D. LeBLond
- Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Tika Zbornik-Thompson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - J. Niklas Ulrich
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Michelle S. Go
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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Abstract
Early childhood affords rapid brain development and advancement of the motor system. In High-Risk Infant Follow-Up programs, watchful waiting and monitoring of infants at high risk is shifting toward active surveillance and early diagnosis, followed by immediate targeted very early interventions. Infants with delayed motor skills benefit from developmental care, NIDCAP, and generic or specific motor training. Infants with cerebral palsy benefit from enrichment, targeted skills interventions, and task-specific motor training at high intensity. Infants with degenerative conditions benefit from enrichment but also require accommodations such as powered mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda McNamara
- The Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Catherine Morgan
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, PO Box 171, Forestville, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Iona Novak
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, PO Box 171, Forestville, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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McCarty T, Braswell E. Implementation of Interprofessional Rounds Decreases Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Length of Stay. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2022; 27:157-163. [DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-27.2.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) occurs due to abrupt discontinuation of chronic fetal exposure to substances used by the mother during pregnancy. As the incidence of NAS continues to increase, medical teams are evaluating strategies to reduce length of stay (LOS). Increased LOS contributes to poorer mother-infant bonding and neurodevelopmental outcomes as well as increased health care cost. As part of an ongoing quality improvement project, the objective of this study was to determine if formal interprofessional rounds affected LOS for infants with NAS.
METHODS
This was a retrospective analysis at a single hospital system to determine if interprofessional rounds had an impact on NAS LOS. On February 5, 2016, introduction of formal weekly interprofessional NAS-specific rounds occurred in addition to daily patient care rounds. Every patient with opioid exposure undergoing Finnegan scoring, treated with weight-based morphine, and >35 weeks gestation was included. Data were collected on LOS and length of therapy for eligible patients. This study evaluated the impact of interprofessional rounds on LOS 17 months after its implementation compared with 13 months immediately preceding.
RESULTS
Among the 119 infants (51 pre and 68 post) meeting inclusion criteria, the median LOS for the post-rounds group was significantly shorter than the pre-rounds group (13 vs 16 days, p = 0.001). The median length of therapy (morphine with or without clonidine) was also significantly shorter in the post-rounds versus the pre-rounds group (8 vs 12 days, p = 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Formal weekly interprofessional NAS rounds decreased LOS and length of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teri McCarty
- Department of Pharmacy (TM), Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Erica Braswell
- Department of Pediatrics (EB), Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
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Yen E, Davis JM. The immediate and long-term effects of prenatal opioid exposure. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1039055. [PMID: 36419918 PMCID: PMC9676971 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1039055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The opioid epidemic has adversely affected neonates and children, yet the mechanisms by which it impacts this population are not well understood. Not only does prenatal opioid exposure result in short-term consequences shortly after birth, it also creates long-term sequelae that may predispose these children to physical, emotional, psychiatric, cognitive, and socioeconomic problems in the future. This article provides a scoping overview of the long-term effects of antenatal opioid exposure on neonates and children as well as quality improvement and research efforts to understand and mitigate this major public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Yen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States.,Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jonathan M Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States.,Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Boston, MA, United States
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Ryan K, Moyer A, Glait M, Yan K, Dasgupta M, Saudek K, Cabacungan E. Correlating Scores but Contrasting Outcomes for Eat Sleep Console Versus Modified Finnegan. Hosp Pediatr 2021; 11:350-357. [PMID: 33653727 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2020-003665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Modified Finnegan Neonatal Abstinence Scoring System (M-FNASS) and the newer Eat, Sleep, and Console (ESC) model guide the clinical management of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). In this study, we evaluate how the M-FNASS and ESC model directly compare in inpatient practice. We hypothesized that ESC scores would correlate with M-FNASS scores, whereas ESC management would reduce health care use for infants with NOWS. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, we compared management of infants with NOWS admitted to nursery settings. Epoch 1 was managed by using an M-FNASS algorithm. Epoch 2 was scored simultaneously with the M-FNASS and ESC model and managed by using the ESC approach. In the statistical analysis, we compared M-FNASS and ESC scores and outcomes between epochs. RESULTS A total of 158 infants provided 2101 scoring instances for analysis. Demographic characteristics were similar between epochs. ESC scores significantly correlated with overall M-FNASS scores and specific M-FNASS domains. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that an ESC score containing at least 1 "no" was best predicted by an M-FNASS cutoff value of 7.5 (sensitivity 0.84; specificity 0.70; area under the curve = 0.842). Length of stay (median 9.5 vs 5 days; P = .0002) and initiation (53% vs. 33%; P = .018) and duration of pharmacologic treatment (median 11 vs 7 days; P = .0042), as well as length of stay for infants who were pharmacologically treated (median 15 vs 10 days; P = .0002), were significantly reduced with ESC-based management after adjustment for covariates. CONCLUSIONS The ESC approach meaningfully correlates with the M-FNASS to detect NOWS. Management with the ESC approach continues to be associated with reduced health care use when compared with an M-FNASS approach, implying that the ESC approach may facilitate higher-value inpatient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Ryan
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Andrea Moyer
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Megan Glait
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ke Yan
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Swisher AK, Burkart M, Evans K, Rice T, Utzman R, Mandich MB. Physical Therapist Roles During the Opioid Epidemic in Rural Appalachia: Preparing Students to Educate Communities. Phys Ther 2021; 101:6044309. [PMID: 33351943 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzaa215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Swisher
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, Division of Physical Therapy, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Megan Burkart
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, Division of Physical Therapy, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Kimeran Evans
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, Division of Physical Therapy, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Tracy Rice
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, Division of Physical Therapy, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ralph Utzman
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, Division of Physical Therapy, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Mary Beth Mandich
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, Division of Physical Therapy, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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McCarty DB. Author Response to Kharel et al. Phys Ther 2020; 100:1041-1042. [PMID: 32163161 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dana B McCarty
- Division of Physical Therapy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3024 Bondurant Hall, CB#7135, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7135
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Kharel P, Zadro JR, Mathieson S, Maher C. On "'Choose Physical Therapy' for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: Clinical Management for Infants Affected by the Opioid Crisis." McCarty DB, Peat JR, O'Donnell S, Graham E, Malcolm WF. Phys Ther. 2019; 99;771-785. Phys Ther 2020; 100:1040. [PMID: 32163160 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzaa039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priti Kharel
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Joshua Robert Zadro
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health
| | - Stephanie Mathieson
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health
| | - Christopher Maher
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Heathcock JC, Lockman JJ. Infant and Child Development: Innovations and Foundations for Rehabilitation. Phys Ther 2019; 99:643-646. [PMID: 31155659 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzz067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jill C Heathcock
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Dr Heathcock is a PTJ Editorial Board member
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