1
|
Hossain S, Maggi E, Vezzulli A. Factors influencing the road accidents in low and middle-income countries: a systematic literature review. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2024; 31:294-322. [PMID: 38379460 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2024.2319618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
This paper studies the main factors affecting road traffic accidents (RTAs) using a systematic review. The primary focus is on factors related to road characteristics and driver behaviours. This review also addresses the socioeconomic and demographic factors to provide a clear overview of which groups suffer the most from RTAs. Several factors were found to affect RTAs, notably road characteristics: highways, high-speed roads, unplanned intersections and two-way roads without dividers; driver behaviours: reckless/aggressive driving and riding, excessive speeding, unawareness of traffic laws, and not using safety equipment; and vehicle types: four and two-wheeled. This review found that male and economically productive people with less education were mostly associated with RTAs. In addition, for most of the low and middle-income countries analyzed, there is a lack of quality data relating to RTAs. Nevertheless, this review provides researchers and policy makers with a better understanding of road accidents for improving road safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saddam Hossain
- Department of Economics, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Elena Maggi
- Department of Economics, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Andrea Vezzulli
- Department of Economics, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Allen Ingabire JC, Stewart A, Sagahutu JB, Urimubenshi G, Bucyibaruta G, Pilusa S, Uwakunda C, Mugisha D, Ingabire L, Tumusiime D. Prevalence and levels of disability post road traffic orthopaedic injuries in Rwanda. Afr J Disabil 2024; 13:1251. [PMID: 38322752 PMCID: PMC10844983 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v13i0.1251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Prolonged disability resulting from road traffic injuries (RTIs) contributes significantly to morbidity and disease burden. A good understanding of the prevalence and the level of disability of orthopaedic injuries in developing countries is crucial for improvement; however, such data are currently lacking in Rwanda. Objectives To determine the prevalence and levels of disability of 2 years post-road traffic orthopaedic injuries in Rwanda. Method A multicentre, cross-sectional study from five Rwandan referral hospitals of 368 adult RTI victims' sustained from accidents in 2019. Between 02 June 2022, and 31 August 2022, two years after the injury, participants completed the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) Questionnaire for the degree of impairment and the Upper Extremity Functional Scale and Lower-Extremity Functional Scale forms for limb functional evaluation. Descriptive, inferential statistics Chi-square and multinomial regression models were analysed using R Studio. Results The study's mean age of the RTOI victims was 37.5 (±11.26) years, with a sex ratio M: F:3: 1. The prevalence of disability following road traffic orthopedic injury (RTOI) after 2 years was 36.14%, with victims having WHODAS score > 25.0% and 36.31% were still unable to return to their usual activities. Age group, Severe Kampala Trauma Score and lack of rehabilitation contributed to disability. The most affected WHODAS domains were participation in society (33%) and life activities (28%). Conclusion The prevalence and levels of disability because of RTOI in Rwanda are high, with mobility and participation in life being more affected than other WHODAS domains. Middle-aged and socio-economically underprivileged persons are the most affected. Contribution This study showed that a good rehabilitation approach and economic support for the RTI victims would decrease their disabilities in Rwanda.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JC Allen Ingabire
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
- Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Aimee Stewart
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jean Baptiste Sagahutu
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda,Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Gerard Urimubenshi
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda,Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Georges Bucyibaruta
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Sonti Pilusa
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Carine Uwakunda
- Department of Surgery, Kibagabaga Level II Teaching Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Didace Mugisha
- Department of Environmental, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Leontine Ingabire
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - David Tumusiime
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda,Kigali, Rwanda
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Allen Ingabire JC, Stewart A, Uwakunda C, Mugisha D, Sagahutu JB, Urimubenshi G, Tumusiime DK, Bucyibaruta G. Factors affecting social integration after road traffic orthopaedic injuries in Rwanda. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2024; 4:1287980. [PMID: 38293289 PMCID: PMC10825670 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2023.1287980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Background Road traffic injuries (RTIs) leading to long-term disability present a significant public health challenge, causing immense personal and societal consequences. Every year, 50 million people are hurt, 1.2 million die, 30% are permanently disabled, and 14% cannot return to work due to road traffic accidents. However, in many developing countries, information on the social integration of patients post-RTI remains limited. This study aimed to identify factors contributing to social integration following road traffic-related orthopedic injuries (RTOI) in Rwanda. Methodology A multicenter, cross-sectional study included 369 adult Road traffic orthopedic injuries (RTOI) victims from five Rwandan referral hospitals. Participants completed the IMPACT-S Questionnaire between 2 June 2022, and 31 August 2022, two years after the injury. It measured social integration in terms of activities and paricipation. We used logistic regression statistical analysis with a significance level of p < 0.05 to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The Institutional Review Board for Health Sciences and Medicine at the University of Rwanda College of Medicine ethically authorized this study. Participants signed a written consent form before participating in the study. The data was kept private and was used only for this study. Results The study's findings indicated that the mean age of RTOI victims was 37.5 ± 11.26 years, with a notable male predominance over females. Of the participants, 5.69% were unable to resume normal life activities. The overall mean score on the IMPACT-S scale was moderate, at 77 ± 17. Specifically, participants achieved an average score of 76 ± 16 for "activities" and a higher average of 84 ± 16 for "participation." Certain factors were associated with poor social integration compared to others, including belonging to the age group above 65 years (OR = 8.25, p = 0.02), female sex (OR = 3.26, p = 0.02), lack of rehabilitation (OR = 3.82, p = 0.01), and length of hospital stay >15 days (OR = 4.44, p = 0.02). Conclusion The majority of RTOI victims in Rwanda achieved successful reintegration into society; nevertheless, their mobility and community engagement were more significantly impacted compared to other aspects assessed by the IMPACT-S scale. The study emphasized the importance of early management, effective rehabilitation, and prompt patient discharge from the hospital in facilitating a successful return to everyday life after road traffic-related orthopedic injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JC Allen Ingabire
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Aimee Stewart
- Physiotherapy Department, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesbourg, South Africa
| | - Carine Uwakunda
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Didace Mugisha
- Department of Environmental, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Jean Baptiste Sagahutu
- Physiotherapy Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Gerard Urimubenshi
- Physiotherapy Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - David K. Tumusiime
- Physiotherapy Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Georges Bucyibaruta
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu J, Feng X, Steel D, Zhou M, Astell-Burt T. Evaluating the effectiveness of implementing a more severe law on prevention of road traffic injury mortality in mainland China: an interrupted time series study based on national mortality surveillance. Inj Prev 2023; 29:309-319. [PMID: 36928237 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2022-044797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, road traffic injury (RTI) is the seventh-leading cause of death More than 1.5 million adults in China live with permanent disabilities due to road traffic accidents. In 2011, the Chinese government implemented a more severe law that increased the penalty points and fines for persons charged with drink-driving as a criminal offence. OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the short-term and long-term effects of the drink-driving law. It also aimed to establish whether punishments of increased severity resulted in greater reductions in RTI mortality. METHODS RTI mortality data was obtained from the Disease Surveillance Points System. A two-level interrupted time series model was used to analyse daily and monthly road traffic mortality rates, accounting for the varying trends among counties. RESULTS The overall RTI mortality rate showed a decreasing trend from 2007 to 2015 in mainland China, especially after 2011, and similarly decreasing trends were noted among males and females and in urban and rural areas. After the Criminal Law and Road Traffic Law amendment was implemented in 2011, charging drink-driving as a criminal offence, the immediate daily RTI mortality rate reduced by 1.57% (RR=0.9843, 95% CI: 0.9444 to 1.0259), while the slope change significantly decreased by 0.04% (RR=0.9996, 95% CI: 0.9994 to 0.9997) compared with the period before the Law was revised. Stratified analysis showed that the effect size of the law was higher for males in urban and high socioeconomic circumstances (SEC) than females in rural and low and moderate SEC. Meanwhile, the increase in penalty points for dangerous driving behaviours showed no significant effects. CONCLUSION Evidence was found that charging criminal responsibility for drink-driving is associated with reducing RTI deaths in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangmei Liu
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xiaoqi Feng
- Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Steel
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- National Institute for Applied Statistical Research Australia (NIASRA), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Thomas Astell-Burt
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Use of prehospital, hospitalization and presence of sequelae and/or disability in road traffic injury victims in Brazil. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249895. [PMID: 33861788 PMCID: PMC8051756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To estimate the prevalence and analyze the association between sociodemographic and behavioral variables with the use of prehospital care, hospitalization and sequelae and/or disability in victims of road traffic accidents victims in Brazil. Methods Data from the National Health Survey conducted in 2013 in Brazil were used. Data were collected through a direct household survey. The research sample consisted of 1,840 individuals who reported road traffic accidents in the previous 12 months. Poisson regression analysis was used to evaluate the factors associated with the use of prehospital care services, hospitalization, and the presence of sequelae and/or disability. Results The prevalence of road traffic accidents victims who received prehospital care was 13.0% (95% Confidence Interval [95% CI]: 10.3–16.3) and the factors associated with this outcome were: residing in the Northeast or North region of Brazil; residing in rural areas; and being a motorcycle occupant at the moment of the road traffic accident. The frequency of hospitalization was 7.7% (95% CI: 6.0–10.0) and the associated factors were: age between 40 and 59 years; being a motorcycle occupant or pedestrian and having received on-site care at the moment of the road traffic accident. The prevalence of sequelae and/or disability was 15.1% (95% CI: 12.5–18.2) and the associated factors were: age range between 30 and 39 years or 40 and 59 years; being a motorcycle occupant, being a pedestrian or belonging to other category of modes of transport and having received on-site care at the moment of the road traffic accident. Conclusion The study allowed to evaluate the factors associated with prehospital care, hospitalization and presence of sequelae and/or disability in the victims of road traffic accident and the results can guide the implementation of interventions that prioritize the population exposed to the highest risk of road traffic accident injuries and with less access to prehospital and hospital care services in Brazil.
Collapse
|
6
|
Palmera-Suárez R, López-Cuadrado T, Fernández-Cuenca R, Alcalde-Cabero E, Galán I. Inequalities in the risk of disability due to traffic injuries in the Spanish adult population, 2009-2010. Injury 2018; 49:549-555. [PMID: 29433800 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although traffic injuries (TIs) are an important cause of disability the related factors are little known. We aimed to estimate the differences in risk of TI-related disability according to individual characteristics that might generate health inequalities. METHODS Cross-sectional study using a representative Spanish population sample drawn from the European Health Interview Survey 2009/2010. We calculated traffic crashes in the preceding year which resulted in injuries. Disability was measured using the Global Activity Limitation Indicator and four indicators of limitations (sensory, physical functional, self-care and domestic activities). Principal socio-demographic and behavioural/lifestyle variables were studied. We used multivariate logistic regression to estimate the risk (ORs) of TI-related disability in the sample as whole and disability-related factors in persons who had experienced TIs. RESULTS Persons with TIs had a higher risk of global disability (OR = 1.61; 95%CI:1.17-2.20), physical functional limitations (OR = 1.96; 95%CI:1.33-2.89) and self-care limitations (OR = 1.73; 95%CI:0.98-3.05). Among persons with TIs, GALI-related risk was higher in women (OR = 3.06, p = 0.002) and persons aged over 30 years (OR31-45years = 6.81, p < 0.001; OR46-64years = 5.96, p = 0.011; OR>64years = 4.54, p = 0.047). Lower risk was observed among persons with a higher educational level (OR = 0.22, p = 0.003). The risk of disability among persons with TIs who consumed illegal drugs was OR = 3.9 (p = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS Traffic injuries in the preceding year are associated with higher risk of disability, which is unevenly distributed. Individual (women and persons over 30 years), socio-economic (lower educational level) and behavioural (illegal drug use) factors are involved. Actions aimed at changing the unequal risk among vulnerable subgroups and providing health, social and protective services should be implemented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Palmera-Suárez
- Department of Epidemiological Analysis and Health Status, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Calle Monforte de Lemos 5, Pabellón 12, PC 28029, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Calle Monforte de Lemos 5, Pabellón 12, PC 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Teresa López-Cuadrado
- Department of Epidemiological Analysis and Health Status, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Calle Monforte de Lemos 5, Pabellón 12, PC 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid/IdiPAZ (Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz/La Paz University Teaching Hospital Research Institute), Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo 4, PC 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rafael Fernández-Cuenca
- Department of Epidemiological Analysis and Health Status, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Calle Monforte de Lemos 5, Pabellón 12, PC 28029, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Calle Monforte de Lemos 5, Pabellón 12, PC 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Enrique Alcalde-Cabero
- Department of Applied Epidemiology, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Calle Monforte de Lemos 5, Pabellón 12, PC 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Iñaki Galán
- Department of Applied Epidemiology, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Calle Monforte de Lemos 5, Pabellón 12, PC 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid/IdiPAZ (Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz/La Paz University Teaching Hospital Research Institute), Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo 4, PC 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li Q, He H, Duan L, Wang Y, Bishai D, Hyder A. Prevalence of drink driving and speeding in China: a time series analysis from two cities. Public Health 2017; 144S:S15-S22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
8
|
Gokalp MA, Hekimoglu Y, Gozen A, Guner S, Asirdizer M. Evaluation of Severity Score in Patients with Lower Limb and Pelvic Fractures Injured in Motor Vehicle Front-Impact Collisions. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:4692-4698. [PMID: 27905350 PMCID: PMC5136368 DOI: 10.12659/msm.898459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lower limb and pelvic injuries and fractures occur at a very high incidence in motor vehicle accidents. In this study, the characteristics (e.g., body side, bone location, and fracture severity) of lower limb and pelvic fractures that occurred during front-impact collisions were correlated with the injured patients’ sex, age, and position in the vehicle. Material/Methods We retrospectively evaluated 191 patients (136 males, 55 females) who were injured in motor vehicle accidents, specifically in frontal collisions. Results This study revealed that most of lower limb and pelvic fractures occurred in males (71.2%; p=.000), 19–36 years old (55.5%; p=.000), small vehicles (86.4%; p=.000), and rear seat passengers (49.2%; p=.000). Fractures most commonly occurred in the left side of the body (46.6%; p=.000) and upper legs (37.7%; p=.000). Severity scores were higher (2.76) in males than females (2.07). No statistically significant was found in severity scores of patients and other personal characteristics and fracture features of patients with lower limb and pelvic fractures who were injured in a vehicle during front-impact collisions (p>0.05). Conclusions The results of this study will be useful for the automobile industry, forensics and criminal scientists, and for trauma research studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ata Gokalp
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Yuzuncu Yil University, Medical Faculty, Van, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Hekimoglu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Yuzuncu Yil University, Medical Faculty, Van, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahim Gozen
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Yuzuncu Yil University, Medical Faculty, Van, Turkey
| | - Savas Guner
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Yuzuncu Yil University, Medical Faculty, Van, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Asirdizer
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Yuzuncu Yil University, Medical Faculty, Van, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Palmera-Suárez R, López-Cuadrado T, Almazán-Isla J, Fernández-Cuenca R, Alcalde-Cabero E, Galán I. Disability related to road traffic crashes among adults in Spain. GACETA SANITARIA 2015; 29 Suppl 1:43-8. [PMID: 26342420 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Road traffic accidents cause substantial morbidity and disease burden; few studies have examined their impact on disability. OBJECTIVE To estimate the magnitude and distribution of disability due to road traffic accidents according to socio-demographic variables, and its main socioeconomic and health determinants. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in community-dwelling participants in the "2008 Spanish National Disability Survey", a representative sample of 91,846 households with 20,425 disabled persons older than 15 years; 443 had disability due to road traffic accidents. RESULTS The prevalence was 2.1 per 1000 inhabitants (95% CI:1.8-2.3), with no differences by sex. Risk was highest among persons aged 31 to 64 years, and onset of disability showed a sharp inflection point at age 16 years in both sexes. Odds ratios (ORs) were higher (OR=1.3; 95% CI:1.1- 1.7) for participants with secondary education than for those with the lowest educational levels and were lower (OR: 0.5; 95% CI:0.3-0.8) for participants with the highest household income levels than for those with lowest. Only 24% of disabled participants were gainfully employed. As compared to other sources of disability, traffic crashes caused greater disability in terms of mobility (OR=3.1;p<0.001), a greater need for health/social services (OR=1.5;p=0.003), and more problems with private transportation (OR=1.6;p<0.001), moving around outside the home (OR=1.6;p<0.001) and changes in economic activity (OR=2.4;p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of disability due to road traffic accidents in Spain is lower than in other developed countries, with middle-aged and socio-economically underprivileged persons being the most affected. Disability due to road traffic accidents is related to a greater demand for social/health care support, problems of accessibility/commuting, and major changes in economic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Palmera-Suárez
- Area of epidemiological analysis and health situation, National Centre for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Research Centre Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), National Centre for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain.
| | - Teresa López-Cuadrado
- Area of epidemiological analysis and health situation, National Centre for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Almazán-Isla
- Area of applied epidemiology, National Centre for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Fernández-Cuenca
- Area of epidemiological analysis and health situation, National Centre for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Research Centre Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), National Centre for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Alcalde-Cabero
- Area of applied epidemiology, National Centre for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñaki Galán
- Area of applied epidemiology, National Centre for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sánchez-Vallejo PG, Pérez-Núñez R, Heredia-Pi I. [Economic cost of permanent disability caused by road traffic injuries in Mexico in 2012]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2015; 31:755-66. [PMID: 25945985 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study estimated the economic costs of permanent disability caused by road traffic injuries in Mexico during 2012. From the health system's perspective, a bottom-up approach was used to calculate direct medical costs (hospitalization, outpatient care, rehabilitation, and prostheses). From society's perspective, using a human capital approach, indirect costs were associated with loss of productivity for the victims and their caregivers. Permanent disability due to road traffic injuries takes a high toll on the health system and Mexican society. From the health system perspective, the cost was US$269,529,480.72, or US$1,496.33 per victim. The estimated average cost to society was US$3,445.45 during the first year. The total average cost per victim was US$4,941.77, resulting in a total economic cost of US$1,119,761,632.53 during 2012. The study's findings highlight the need to design and implement more rigorous and efficient public policies to control and prevent road traffic injuries in Mexico.
Collapse
|
11
|
Bhalla K, Li Q, Duan L, Wang Y, Bishai D, Hyder AA. The prevalence of speeding and drunk driving in two cities in China: a mid project evaluation of ongoing road safety interventions. Injury 2013; 44 Suppl 4:S49-56. [PMID: 24377780 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1383(13)70213-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Road traffic crashes in China kill in excess of 250,000 people annually, more than any other country in the world. They are the fourth leading cause of premature death in the country and are responsible for 2.4% of the burden of non-fatal health loss in the country. Interventions to curb speeding and drunk driving are being implemented in the cities of Suzhou and Dalian since late 2010. We evaluated the ongoing effect of these activities through five roadside surveys, seven rounds of observational studies, and analysis of crash statistics in the two cities. We find that thus far, the prevalence of speeding has not reduced in either city with the notable exception of one site in Dalian, where the percentage of speeding vehicles declined from nearly 70% to below 10% after an interval-based speed enforcement system was installed. The broader deployment of such speed control technologies across China and other countries should be explored. Roadside alcohol testing suggests that prevalence of drunk driving (i.e. BAC >20 mg%) declined from 6.4% to 0.5% in Suzhou and from 1.7% to 0.7% in Dalian during the monitored time period. However, the measured prevalence rates are very low and should be validated against estimates based on hospital studies. Roadside interviews suggest that the population of both cities is already highly sensitized to the risks associated with drunk driving and speeding. Crash statistics from the two cities do not show appreciable declines in injuries and fatalities as yet. However, the possibility of substantial underreporting in crash statistics sourced from traffic police poses a severe threat to monitoring progress towards road safety in Suzhou, Dalian and across China. There is an urgent need for China to invest in a reliable road traffic injury surveillance system that can provide information for describing key risk factors, evaluating the impact of safety policies, and benchmarking achievements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavi Bhalla
- Johns Hopkins International Injury Research Unit, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Population Family & Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Leilen Duan
- Injury Prevention Division, National Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention (NCNCD), Chinese CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Injury Prevention Division, National Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention (NCNCD), Chinese CDC, Beijing, China
| | - David Bishai
- Johns Hopkins International Injury Research Unit, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Adnan A Hyder
- Johns Hopkins International Injury Research Unit, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|