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Barrett D, Dubal R, L Morgan C. The UK public and healthcare professionals' awareness of mouth cancer. Br Dent J 2023; 235:811-815. [PMID: 38001210 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-023-6490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
As the rate of new mouth cancer diagnoses continues to increase in the UK, awareness of risk factors and signs and symptoms remains low. This paper focuses on studies showing UK public awareness of risk factors, including alcohol, tobacco and human papillomavirus, as well as public understanding of signs and symptoms of mouth cancer. It includes a review of the effectiveness of campaigns in raising awareness of mouth cancer and examples of campaigns targeting other common cancers or risk factors that may provide useful learning ahead of upcoming mouth cancer campaigns. In addition, the awareness of the wider healthcare team and the importance of their role in identifying mouth cancer is explored. Current live campaigns in the UK are highlighted ahead of future initiatives now that the Mouth Cancer Action Charter has been launched and two new coalitions have been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Barrett
- Dental Core Trainee, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Dental Hospital, Turner Street, London, E1 1FR, United Kingdom.
| | - Raj Dubal
- Consultant in Restorative Dentistry, Dental Core Training Lead for Restorative Dentistry, Barts Health NHS Trust, Royal London Dental Hospital, Turner Street, London, E1 1FR, United Kingdom
| | - Claire L Morgan
- Consultant in Restorative Dentistry, Barts Health Trust, Royal London Hospital, Turner Street, London, E1 1FR, United Kingdom
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Lu DN, Zhang WC, Lin YZ, Zhang YN, Shao CY, Zheng CM, Ge MH, Xu JJ. The incidence trends of oral cancers worldwide from 1988 to 2012 and the prediction up to 2030. Head Neck 2023; 45:2394-2412. [PMID: 37417818 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper aims to analyze the time trend of OCs incidence in 43 countries (1988-2012) and predict the incidence trend of OCs (2012-2030). METHODS In the database for Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, the annual data on OCs incidence grouped by age and gender were obtained from 108 cancer registries in 43 countries. The age-standardized incidence rates were calculated, and the Bayesian age-period-cohort model was used to predict the incidence in 2030. RESULTS South Asia and Oceania had the highest ASR in 1988 (9.24/100 000) and 2012 (6.74/100 000). It was predicted that India, Thailand, the United Kingdom, the Czech Republic, Austria, and Japan would be the countries with an increased incidence of OCs in 2030. CONCLUSION Regional custom is an important factor affecting the incidence of OCs. According to our predictions., it is necessary to control risk factors according to local conditions and enhance screening and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ning Lu
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Chen Zhang
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ze Lin
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ning Zhang
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Ying Shao
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuan-Ming Zheng
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Hua Ge
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Jie Xu
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
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Perera I, Amarasinghe H, Jayasinghe RD, Udayamalee I, Jayasuriya N, Warnakulasuriya S, Johnson NW. An overview of the burden of oral cancer in Sri Lanka and its inequalities in the face of contemporary economic and social malaise. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2023. [PMID: 37377376 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Over the past several decades, oral cancer has been the most common malignancy among Sri Lankan males and the top 10 cancer among females, disproportionately affecting low socio-economic groups. Sri Lanka is a lower-middle-income developing country (LMIC), currently striking through an economic crisis, and social and political unrest. Occurring at an accessible body site and predominantly attributed to potentially modifiable health-related behaviours, oral cancer should be preventable and controllable. Unfortunately, broader contextual factors that are socio-cultural, environmental, economic, and political and mediated through social determinants of people's lives consistently hinder progress. Many LMICs with a high burden of oral cancer are now gripped by economic crises, consequent social and political unrest, all compounded by reduced public health investments. The aim of this review is to provide a critical commentary on key aspects of oral cancer epidemiology including inequalities, using Sri Lanka as a case study. METHODS The review synthesizes evidence from multiple data sources, such as published studies, web-based national cancer incidence data, national surveys on smokeless tobacco (ST) and areca nut use, smoking and alcohol consumption, poverty headcount ratios, economic growth, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) health expenditure. National trends in the oral cancer, ST use, smoking and alcohol consumption in Sri Lanka are identified alongside inequalities. RESULTS Using these evidence sources, we discuss 'where are we now?', together with the availability, accessibility and affordability of oral cancer treatment services, oral cancer prevention and control programmes, tobacco and alcohol control policies, and finally, outline macroeconomic perspectives of Sri Lanka. CONCLUSIONS Finally, we speculate, 'where to next?' Our overarching goal of this review is to initiate a critical discourse on bridging the gaps and crossing the divides to tackle oral cancer inequalities in LMIC such as Sri Lanka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irosha Perera
- Preventive Oral Health Unit, National Dental Hospital (Teaching), Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Hemantha Amarasinghe
- Department of Community Dental Health, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Ruwan D Jayasinghe
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Iresha Udayamalee
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Griffith, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nadeena Jayasuriya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Saman Warnakulasuriya
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College, London and the WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer, London, UK
| | - Newell W Johnson
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Griffith, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College, London and the WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer, London, UK
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Mauceri R, Bazzano M, Coppini M, Tozzo P, Panzarella V, Campisi G. Diagnostic delay of oral squamous cell carcinoma and the fear of diagnosis: A scoping review. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1009080. [PMID: 36405204 PMCID: PMC9669962 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1009080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The mortality rate of patients affected with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been stable in recent decades due to several factors, especially diagnostic delay, which is often associated with a late stage diagnosis and poor prognosis. The aims of this paper were to: analyze diagnostic delay in OSCC and to discuss the various psychological factors of patients with OSCC, with particular attention to the patient's fear of receiving news regarding their health; and the professional dynamics related to the decision-making processes in cases of suspected OSCC. A preliminary review of literature focusing on OSCC diagnostic delay was performed. Seven articles were included with the diagnostic delay ranging from 45 days to approximately 6 months. Patients' fears and, to a lesser degree, the concerns of dentists, were found to be still poorly investigated. On the basis of the authors' professional experience, the development of oral lesions of unknown origin may generate different behaviors in the decision-making processes by patients and clinicians, and fear may play a key role in the distinct steps of this process. It is crucial to increase awareness and inform patients about the onset of OSCC, and contemporaneously encourage experimental studies on patients' fear and professional behaviors with respect to communication regarding OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Mauceri
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences (Di.Chir.On.S.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Monica Bazzano
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences (Di.Chir.On.S.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Martina Coppini
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences (Di.Chir.On.S.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pietro Tozzo
- U.O.C. of Stomatology, A.O.O.R., Villa Sofia-Cervello of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vera Panzarella
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences (Di.Chir.On.S.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Campisi
- Unit of Oral Medicine and Dentistry for Fragile Patients, Department of Rehabilitation, Fragility and Continuity of Care, University Hospital Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Area-level deprivation and oral cancer in England 2012-2016. Cancer Epidemiol 2020; 69:101840. [PMID: 33126041 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2020.101840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between deprivation and oral cancer is complex. We examined magnitude and shape of deprivation-related inequalities in oral cancer in England 2012-2016. METHODS Oral cancer was indicated by cancers of the lip and oral cavity (ICD10 C00-C06) and lip, oral cavity and pharynx (C00-C14) and deprivation by the Index of Multiple Deprivation. Deprivation inequality in incidence and mortality rates of oral cancer outcomes was measured using the Relative Index of Inequality (RII). Fractional polynomial regression was used to explore the shape of the relationships between deprivation and oral cancer outcomes. Multivariate regression models were fitted with the appropriate functions to examine the independent effect of deprivation on cancer adjusting for smoking, alcohol and ethnicity. RESULTS Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and mortality rate ratios (MRRs) were greater for more deprived areas. The RII values indicated significant inequalities for oral cancer outcomes but the magnitude of inequalities were greater for mortality. The relationships between deprivation and oral cancer outcomes were curvilinear. Deprivation, Asian ethnicity and alcohol consumption were associated with higher incidence and mortality rates of oral cancer. CONCLUSION This is the first study, to our knowledge, exploring the shape of socioeconomic inequalities in oral cancer at neighbourhood level. Deprivation-related inequalities were present for all oral cancer outcomes with a steeper rise at the more deprived end of the deprivation spectrum. Deprivation predicted oral cancer even after accounting for other risk factors.
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Garcia Dias da Conceição M, Cláudia Figueiró A, Lucia Luiza V. Non-Invasive Methods for Early Diagnosis of Oral Cancer. Oral Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.89280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Varela-Centelles P, Seoane J, Lopez-Cedrun JL, Fernandez-Sanroman J, García-Martin JM, Takkouche B, Alvarez-Novoa P, Seoane-Romero JM. The length of patient and primary care time interval in the pathways to treatment in symptomatic oral cancer. A quantitative systematic review. Clin Otolaryngol 2017. [PMID: 28627802 DOI: 10.1111/coa.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the relative length of the patient and primary care intervals in symptomatic oral cancer. DESIGN Quantitative systematic review. SEARCH STRATEGY Oral cancer OR oral squamous cell carcinoma OR oropharyngeal cancer AND time interval OR diagnostic delay. SETTING Primary and secondary care. PARTICIPANTS Oral and oropharyngeal cancer patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We computed five measures (patient, primary care, diagnosis, total diagnosis and total treatment intervals). Most studies did not provide any dispersion measure. We then used the sample size of each study to compute a weighted average of the mean intervals. When the median was provided, we assumed normality of the distribution of the means and used the median as a proxy of the mean. RESULTS A total of 1089 articles were identified, and 22 met the inclusion criteria, reporting on 2710 patients from Europe, USA, India, Australia, Japan, Argentina and Iran. The weighted average of patient interval was 80.3 days. Primary care interval was five times shorter: 15.8 days. The diagnostic interval was appreciably shorter (47.9 days) when compared with the patient interval during symptomatic period. CONCLUSIONS Patient interval represents the major component of waiting times since the detection of the first signs/symptoms to the definitive diagnosis of oral cancer. Thus, strategies focused on high-risk patients should be prioritised. Interventions aimed at optimising the health systems should be implemented by monitoring and facilitating diagnostic and treatment pathways of patients with oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Varela-Centelles
- Primary Care, EOXI Lugo, Cervo, e Monforte, Galician Health Service, Lugo, Spain.,Stomatology Department, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain
| | - J Seoane
- Stomatology Department, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain
| | - J L Lopez-Cedrun
- Service of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, A Coruña University Hospital, Galician Health Service, A Coruña, Spain
| | - J Fernandez-Sanroman
- Service of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, POVISA Hospital, Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain
| | - J M García-Martin
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialities, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - B Takkouche
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain
| | - P Alvarez-Novoa
- Stomatology Department, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain
| | - J M Seoane-Romero
- Stomatology Department, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain
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De Vito C, Massimi A, Di Thiene D, Rosso A, D'Andrea E, Vacchio MR, Villari P, Marzuillo C. Low level of attention to health inequalities in prevention planning activities of the Italian Regions. Int J Equity Health 2016; 15:28. [PMID: 26892002 PMCID: PMC4759742 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-016-0318-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health promotion and prevention activities should tackle health inequalities to reduce disparities in health among disadvantaged populations. This study aimed to assess the extent to which the Italian Regions considered health inequalities during the planning of prevention activities, to detect geographical differences and to identify the possible determinants of differences in attention to health inequalities. Methods The 19 Regional Prevention Plans (RPPs) developed by Italian Regions within the National Prevention Plan (NPP) 2010–2013 were assessed using a specific tool to address the level of attention to health inequalities. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify regional characteristics associated with a higher level of attention to health inequalities. Results Of the 702 projects included in the 19 RPPs, only 56 (8.0 %) specifically addressed issues related to health inequalities. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that a higher level of attention was associated with the macroarea of intervention ‘prevention in high-risk groups’, with the higher quality of the Strategic Plan Section of the RPP and with the higher percentage of migrants in the Region in 2010. Moreover, projects that addressed the topic of health inequalities were more likely to be developed in the Northern Regions, in Regions with a lower level of ‘linking social capital’ and with a Higher Regional Health Care Expenditure (RHCE) as a percentage of Regional Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) in 2010. Conclusions The level of attention to health inequalities in the regional planning process of prevention activities 2010–2013 in Italy is low. The results of this study supported the new round of prevention planning in Italy, and highlight the urgent need to increase the number of policies and interventions able to reduce health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado De Vito
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy.
| | - Azzurra Massimi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy.
| | - Domitilla Di Thiene
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Rosso
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy.
| | - Elvira D'Andrea
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosaria Vacchio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy.
| | - Paolo Villari
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy.
| | - Carolina Marzuillo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy.
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