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Okwuraiwe AP, Ogbonne EL, Adeniyi AO, Ihurhe PI, Musa BO, Abe TR, Shodipe OO, Audu RA. Detection of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Genotypes Among HIV-Infected Women in Four States in Nigeria. Cureus 2024; 16:e57120. [PMID: 38681319 PMCID: PMC11055541 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The World Health Organization states that almost all cervical cancer cases are linked to infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses transmitted through sexual contact. Implementing effective surveillance and preventive measures would enable the prevention of most cervical cancer cases, especially in HIV-infected women. Every year, about 12,000 women in Nigeria are diagnosed, with almost 8,000 deaths. HPV cervical cancer testing capacity is low in Nigeria. Testing scale-up and sensitization efforts across health facilities, including cervical tissue sample collection, are needed to reduce the cases of cervical cancer. This study aimed to assess the genotype-specific prevalence of clinically relevant high-risk HPV among women living with HIV in Nigeria. Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among adult HIV-infected women attending health facilities in four Nigerian states. From August to October 2022, cervical tissue was collected into PCR cell media, transported to the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, and assayed for HPV presence and genotype using the Cobas 6800 System (Roche Diagnostics). Statistical analysis was conducted with Stata 2. Results A total of 4423 cervical swab samples were tested. The ages of women ranged from 18 to 72 years (mean 36.61±8.61). In our study, we found that 16.3% of participants tested positive for HPV. Among the high-risk HPV genotypes detected, HPV16 was present in 1.44% of participants, HPV18 in 1.29%, and other high-risk HPV (OHR-HPV) in 11.35%. Additionally, co-infections were observed, with 0.98% of participants testing positive for both HPV16 and OHR-HPV, 1.12% for HPV18 and OHR-HPV, and 0.12% for HPV16, HPV18, and OHR-HPV concurrently. However, 7.4% of the total results were deemed invalid. Conclusion OHR-HPV is prevalent among HIV-infected women across the north and west geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Policies and interventions geared towards curtailing the incidence of cervical cancer are fervently solicited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azuka P Okwuraiwe
- Genomics Strategic Core Platform, Medical Research Council Unit, Banjul, GMB
- Microbiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, NGA
| | - Ebere L Ogbonne
- Microbiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, NGA
| | | | | | - Blessing O Musa
- Microbiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, NGA
| | - Temilade R Abe
- Microbiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, NGA
| | | | - Rosemary A Audu
- Microbiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, NGA
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Amit Aharon A. Parents' Adherence to Childhood Screening Tests and Referrals: A Retrospective Cohort Study with Randomized Sampling. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106143. [PMID: 35627685 PMCID: PMC9141486 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Routine timely examinations of well-child health are important for achieving children’s good health outcomes. Nevertheless, there is evidence of low compliance with well-child visit recommendations. The aim of the study was to examine potential factors associated with parents’ nonadherence to routine childhood screening tests and their acting on further referrals following unusual findings. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 14,348 children born in 2016–2017 and registered at mother–child health clinics in a large city in Israel. A sample of 844 children was randomly selected. Screening tests at the age of two months and nine months were examined. A multiple logistic regression examined potential factors associated with nonadherence to screening tests and to further referral for evaluation. Lower adherence to screening tests was found among parents of nine-month-old children, but adherence was higher for nurses’ screening tests than for those of physicians. Children born in a complex delivery process, older mothers with a higher number of children, and Israeli citizens were at risk of not undergoing screening tests. Fewer children in the family and initial physician’s findings were the only explanation for acting to referrals. In order to promote children’s health outcomes and public health, health policymakers should conduct campaigns to convince parents of the importance of screening tests and of adherence to referrals with the aim of ensuring their children’s wellbeing throughout the life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Amit Aharon
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Professions, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel
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Dias BRL, Rodrigues TB, Botelho EP, Oliveira MDFVD, Feijão AR, Polaro SHI. Integrative review on the incidence of HIV infection and its socio-spatial determinants. Rev Bras Enferm 2021; 74:e20200905. [PMID: 34037150 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES to identify the socio-spatial determinants associated with the incidence of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) described in national and international literature. METHODS integrative literature review that included original articles indexed in the LILACS, PUBMED, CINAHL, and Scopus databases, from 2015 to 2019. The synthesis of the articles was done in a descriptive manner in two categories according to the type of approach. RESULTS 13 articles were selected, with a predominance of ecological studies. Regions with deficient access to health services, high population density, higher rates of poverty, intense migratory flow, border areas, as well as precarious socioeconomic conditions, and risk behaviors are associated with higher rates of infection. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS the influence of regional inequalities on the incidence of HIV infection is revealed, confirming the relevance of spatial analysis techniques for mapping the distribution of diseases and identifying risk areas.
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Verrier F, Le Coeur S, Delory T. Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection (HPV) and High Oncogenic Risk Genotypes among Women Living with HIV in Asia: A Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10091911. [PMID: 33924989 PMCID: PMC8125216 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Women living with HIV (WLHIV) are prone to harbor several high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) genotypes and to develop cervical cancerous lesions. Data on HPV prevalence in these women are needed to inform immunization programs, especially in Asia where few data are available. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of HPV and HR-HPV cervical infection in WLHIV in Asia and identify possible sources of heterogeneity for HR-HPV carriage. Pooled prevalence and its 95% confidence interval (95CI) were estimated using the inverse-variance weighting method. Linear regression weighted on study size was used to identify sources of heterogeneity. Among 7834 WLHIV (40 studies), the prevalence of HPV infection was 42.6% (95CI, 38.2% to 47.1%), and 34.6% (95CI, 30.3% to 39.1%) harbored HR-HPV genotypes, with significant heterogeneity across countries. In India, Thailand, and China, HPV-16 was the most frequent genotype (10.3%), followed by HPV-52 (5.4%), HPV-58 (5.0%), HPV-18 (4.1%), and HPV-33 (3.3%). In these women, most of whom were receiving antiretroviral therapy, we did not identify determinants of heterogeneity for HR-HPV infection. Our results underline the need for immunization programs based on nonavalent or new generation vaccines to prevent cervical cancer in WLHIV in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Verrier
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.L.C.); (T.D.)
- Institut National d’Etudes Démographiques (INED), 9 Cours des Humanités, 93322 Aubervilliers, France
- Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement (IRD) UMI 174-PHPT, 13002 Marseille, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Sophie Le Coeur
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.L.C.); (T.D.)
- Institut National d’Etudes Démographiques (INED), 9 Cours des Humanités, 93322 Aubervilliers, France
- Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement (IRD) UMI 174-PHPT, 13002 Marseille, France
| | - Tristan Delory
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.L.C.); (T.D.)
- Institut National d’Etudes Démographiques (INED), 9 Cours des Humanités, 93322 Aubervilliers, France
- Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement (IRD) UMI 174-PHPT, 13002 Marseille, France
- Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l’Innovation (DRCI), Centre Hospitalier Annecy-Genevois, 74370 Epargny Metz-Tessy, France
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Dos Santos AP, Navarro AM, Schwingel A, Alves TC, Abdalla PP, Venturini ACR, de Santana RC, Machado DRL. Lipodystrophy diagnosis in people living with HIV/AIDS: prediction and validation of sex-specific anthropometric models. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:806. [PMID: 29945584 PMCID: PMC6020387 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5707-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body composition alterations, or lipodystrophy, can lead to serious health problems in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The objectives of this study are to predict and validate sex-specific anthropometric predictive models for the diagnosis of lipodystrophy in PLWHA. METHODS A cross-sectional design was employed to recruit 106 PLWHA (men = 65 and women = 41) in Brazil during 2013-2014. They were evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and 19 regions of body perimeters and 6 skinfold thicknesses were taken. Sex-specific predictive models for lipodystrophy diagnosis were developed through stepwise linear regression analysis. Cross-validations using predicted residual error sum of squares was performed to validate each predictive model. RESULTS Results support the use of anthropometry for the diagnosis of lipodystrophy in men and women living with HIV/AIDS. A high power of determination with a small degree of error was observed for lipodystrophy diagnosis for men in model six (r2 = 0.77, SEE = 0.14, r2PRESS = 0.73, SEE PRESS = 0.15), that included ratio of skinfold thickness of subscapular to medial calf, skinfold thickness of thigh, body circumference of waist, formal education years, time of diagnosis to HIV months, and type of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) (with protease inhibitor "WI/PI = 1" or without protease inhibitor "WO/PI = 0"); and model five for women (r2 = 0.78, SEE = 0.11, r2PRESS = 0.71, SEE PRESS = 0.12), that included skinfold thickness of thigh, skinfold thickness of subscapular, time of exposure to cART months, body circumference of chest, and race (Asian) ("Yes" for Asian race = 1; "No" = 0). CONCLUSIONS The proposed anthropometric models advance the field of public health by facilitating early diagnosis and better management of lipodystrophy, a serious adverse health effect experienced by PLWHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- André P Dos Santos
- Interunit Nursing Doctoral Program, College of Nursing of the University of Sao Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, Campus Universitario, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14040-902, Brazil. .,Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
| | - Anderson M Navarro
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine at the University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Andiara Schwingel
- Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Thiago C Alves
- Interunit Nursing Doctoral Program, College of Nursing of the University of Sao Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, Campus Universitario, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14040-902, Brazil
| | - Pedro P Abdalla
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia R Venturini
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo C de Santana
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine at the University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Dalmo R L Machado
- Interunit Nursing Doctoral Program, College of Nursing of the University of Sao Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, Campus Universitario, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14040-902, Brazil.,School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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