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Fadakar H, Kim J, Saunders LC, Kamel MM, Kianpoor M, Moghadam AH, Hayati D, Ramadhan N, Maragha T, Meyer M, Jang K, Krausz RM. Suicidality among university students in the Eastern Mediterranean region: A systematic review. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0002460. [PMID: 37862288 PMCID: PMC10588889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of suicide attempts and suicidal ideation among university students is a global concern. Cultural values, social determinants, religion, and especially growing stress all play an important role in this. This systematic review aimed to identify potential protective and risk factors thought to be associated with suicidal ideation among students in the Eastern Mediterranean region and highlight the importance of developing an effective health care response. MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, WHO Global Health Library, IMEMR, Web of Science Core Collections and Farsi and Arabic databases were searched for papers in English, Farsi, and Arabic. A combination of validated filters, free text keywords, and Mesh and Non-Mesh terms were used to retrieve relevant literature. A total of 2774 papers were found after the search, 257 selected for full-text review, and 72 papers included in the final review. Family and peer support play a potential protective role in the development of suicidal ideation among university students, while adverse life events, bullying, depression, anxiety, and other mental health conditions were identified as risk factors. Suicidality was likely under-reported due to stigma around social and cultural factors. Factors involving religion and culture may act as both protective and risk factors and require more in-depth investigation. The student population in the Eastern Mediterranean region face many challenges. The common theme of suicidality emerged as an indicator of an imbalance of resources and stress, which needs to be addressed proactively, given a most likely underreporting of suicidal ideation and attempts due to stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasti Fadakar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jane Kim
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lauren C. Saunders
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia
| | - Mostafa M. Kamel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohsen Kianpoor
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Arash Hoseyni Moghadam
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dianah Hayati
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Noor Ramadhan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tala Maragha
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maximilian Meyer
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- University of Basel Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kerry Jang
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Reinhard M. Krausz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Sahlan RN, Grunewald W, Smith AR. Validations of the Farsi versions of the depressive symptom inventory suicidality subscale (F-DSI-SS) and suicide rumination scale (F-SRS) among Iranian college students. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2023; 53:16-28. [PMID: 36029097 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicidal thoughts are relatively common among college students in Iran. However, measures frequently used to assess suicidality or specific aspects of suicidal ideation in the United States have yet to be validated in Iran. Thus, the present study validated Farsi versions of the Depressive Symptom Inventory Suicidality Subscale (F-DSI-SS) and Suicide Rumination Scale (F-SRS) among Iranian college students. METHODS College students (N = 1043; 88.1% women) completed the F-DSI-SS. Forty-six percent (n = 481) of participants reported the presence of suicidal thoughts and were eligible to fill out the F-SRS. Analyses focused on validating the factor structure, construct, and convergent validity of the F-DSI-SS and F-SRS among college students, as well as testing measurement invariance by gender of the F-DSI-SS. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated that the F-DSI-SS and F-SRS had good fit to the data and each displayed a one-factor structure. Furthermore, the F-DSI-SS showed strong measurement invariance across genders. Internal consistency of the F-DSI-SS and F-SRS was good. Lastly, the F-DSI-SS and F-SRS's items and their total scores were intercorrelated and demonstrated good convergent validity. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that the F-DSI-SS and F-SRS will enable researchers to examine suicidal thoughts and suicide-specific rumination in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza N Sahlan
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - William Grunewald
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - April R Smith
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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Mehregan M, Khosravi A, Farhadian M, Mohammadi Y. The age and cause decomposition of inequality in life expectancy between Iranian provinces: application of Arriaga method. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:772. [PMID: 35428278 PMCID: PMC9013064 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to decompose the age and cause inequality in life expectancy between two Iranian provinces with the highest and the lowest life expectancy using the Arriaga method. Methods The required data was extracted from the death registration system (DRS) and statistical center of Iran. First, we calculated life expectancy at birth for 31 provinces of Iran using life tables, and subsequently, two provinces with the highest and the lowest life expectancy were determined. To decompose the age and cause share in the life expectancy gap between the two provinces, we used Arriaga's method. Results Tehran with 80.09 years and Sistan and Baluchistan with 72.9 years had the highest and the lowest life expectancy among Iranian Provinces respectively. As a result, the life expectancy gap between Tehran and Sistan and Baluchistan was 7.19 years. Results of age decomposition showed that the highest share in the life expectancy gap attributed to the age group under one year (1.25 years). In terms of the cause of death, the highest percentage belonged to hypertensive diseases with a share of 1.77 years. Conclusions There is a wide gap between two provinces with the highest and the lowest life expectancy. Age less than one year and hypertensive diseases were major factors in this inequality. Therefore, policy-makers should concentrate on improvement of survival in children and the reduction of hypertensive diseases to promote life expectancy in Sistan and Baluchistan.
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Abbasi-Kangevari M, Masinaei M, Fattahi N, Rahimi Y, Rezaei N, Azadnajafabad S, Ghanbari A, Fakhimi R, Jourahmad Z, Ghamari SH, Malekpour MR, Ahmadi N, Hajebi A, Jafar-pour H, Farzadfar F. Current Inequities in Smoking Prevalence on District Level in Iran: A Systematic Analysis on the STEPS Survey. J Res Health Sci 2021; 22:e00540. [PMID: 36511256 PMCID: PMC9315459 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2022.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of tobacco smoking and its burden on societies is not homogenous at the national and district levels. This nationwide study aimed to investigate current inequalities in the prevalence of smoking at the district level and the association of smoking behaviors with gender, wealth, education, and urbanization in Iran. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS This study was conducted by analyzing the data of the STEPS survey 2016 with 30 541 participants. The small-area estimation method using the Bayesian spatial hierarchical multilevel regression model was employed to generate district-level prevalence of all types of smoking by gender. The inequalities between the groups by wealth, education, and urbanization were investigated via concentration index. RESULTS The prevalence rates of current daily cigarette smoking were found to be at the range of 4.6-40.9 and 0-4.5 among men and women, respectively. Current daily cigarette smoking was higher in men than in women: 19.0 (95% CI: 9.5-28.7) vs 0.7 (95% CI: 0-6.9). Women with lower wealth, education, or urbanization were more likely to smoke tobacco or be exposed to secondhand smoking. On the other hand, men with higher wealth or education indices were more likely to smoke tobacco. Men with lower wealth, education, or urbanization were more likely to be exposed to secondhand smoking. CONCLUSION The smoking behavior varied significantly at the district level in Iran. Gender, wealth, education, and urbanization were determinants of smoking prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari and Masoud Masinaei are co-first authors
| | - Masoud Masinaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari and Masoud Masinaei are co-first authors
| | - Nima Fattahi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yekta Rahimi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Azadnajafabad
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbari
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roozbe Fakhimi
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Zahra Jourahmad
- Isfahan Neuroscience Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Malekpour
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Ahmadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - AmirAli Hajebi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Jafar-pour
- Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Farshad Farzadfar (MD, MPH, MHS, DSc), Tel/Fax: +98 21 88631293, E-mail:
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Prevalence of High-Risk Behaviors among Iranian Adolescents: a Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND COMMUNITY HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/jech.8.2.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Mohammadi Y, Mirzaei M, Shirmohammadi-Khorram N, Farhadian M. Identifying risk factors for late HIV diagnosis and survival analysis of people living with HIV/AIDS in Iran (1987-2016). BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:390. [PMID: 33906638 PMCID: PMC8077959 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06100-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Late-diagnosis of HIV is a major challenge for the control and prevention of AIDS in the world. The present study aimed to specify factors associated with the late diagnosis of HIV in Iran from 1987 to 2016. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, data for 4402 diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients were extracted from 158 behavioral disease counseling centers of 31 Iranian provinces. We defined late diagnosis as having a CD4 count less than 350 within 3 months after diagnosis. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors influencing late diagnosis. Moreover, we used multivariate Cox regression to assess the association of these factors with the patients’ survival. Results In this study, the prevalence of late diagnosis among the patients was 58.2%. People aged 50 years and over (adjusted OR = 3.55), transmission through blood transfusion (adjusted OR = 2.89), co-infection with tuberculosis (adjusted OR = 2.06), and male gender (adjusted OR = 1.38) were the strongest predictors for late diagnosis of HIV. On the other hand, baseline CD4 (adjusted HR = 2.21), people aged 50 and over (adjusted HR = 1.81), male gender (adjusted HR = 1.76), being a widow (adjusted HR = 1.68), people with unknown transmission way (adjusted HR = 18.24), people who inject drugs (adjusted HR = 1.87), diagnosis at previous years (adjusted HR = 2.45) and co-infection with tuberculosis (adjusted OR = 1.77) significantly associated with the survival of patients. Conclusion The prevalence of late diagnosis is high among Iranian HIV/AIDS. The risk factors of late diagnoses include being males and aged 50 years and over, transmission through blood transfusion, and co-infection with tuberculosis. Therefore, implementation of screening programs for early diagnosis of HIV these high risk groups is recommended to Iranian health providers and policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Mohammadi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mirzaei
- Hamadan Health Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Farhadian
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 4171-65175, Hamadan, Iran.
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Alavi SS, Ghanizadeh M, Mohammadi MR, Jannatifard F, Esmaili Alamuti S, Farahani M. The effects of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for reducing symptoms of internet addiction disorder and promoting quality of life and mental health. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2021; 43:47-56. [PMID: 33681908 PMCID: PMC7932042 DOI: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Internet addiction disorder has reportedly become an important cause of health and social problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for internet addiction symptoms, quality of life, and mental health of students with internet addiction. METHODS This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest measures and a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all students at Tehran universities in the academic year of 2018-19. The target group was selected through an internet addiction test and a clinical interview using a targeted sampling method and was divided into experimental and control groups by randomization. The experimental group participated in fifteen 90-minute cognitive-behavioral group therapy sessions. Before, immediately after, and 3 months after the treatment, the internet addiction symptoms of both groups were evaluated to assess mental health with the IAT, quality of life (QOL), and SCL-90-R questionnaires. Data were analyzed with ANCOVA analysis using SPSS Statistics 20 software. RESULTS After treatment, cognitive-behavioral therapy groups showed reductions in internet addiction scores (p < 0.05). Results showed that the cognitive-behavioral group therapy was effective for improving quality of life (p < 0.05) and mental illnesses (p < 0.05) in students with internet addiction. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive-behavioral group therapy can enhance awareness and mental health of students with internet addiction. Therefore, this intervention can be used as a beneficial treatment to reduce internet addiction symptoms and improve the condition of people with behavioral addictions such as internet dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Salman Alavi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Malihe Farahani
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abdoli N, Farnia V, Alikhani M, Sadeghi-Bahmani D, Dürsteler KM, Esmaeili M, Brühl A, Brand S. Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the 21-Item Game Addiction Scale With a Sample of Adolescents and Young Adults. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:649276. [PMID: 34108895 PMCID: PMC8180588 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.649276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Excessive gaming has become a psychological health issue for both gamers and their social environments. This observation holds true for western but also non-western countries such as Iran. The aim of the present study was to translate and validate a Persian version of the Game Addiction Scale 21 (GAS 21) using a sample of adolescents and adults. Methods: A total of 412 participants (mean age: 22.16 years; 55.3% females) took part in the study. They completed questionnaires covering sociodemographic information and gaming-related information, as well as the Persian version of the GAS 21, the GAS 7, the Internet Addiction Test, and the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale. Results: Of the initial 21 items of the Persian version of the GAS 21, five proved redundant and were eliminated. Factors analyses yielded four factors explaining 66.35% of the variance: 1. Withdrawal; 2. Feelings of guilt and addiction; 3. Mood modification; 4. Issues of time budget. Cronbach's alphas were satisfactory (alphas > 0.87). To validate the results, scores on the translated version were compared with the well-established Young Internet Addiction test. Factors correlated positively (rs between 0.21 and 0.31) with overall score on this latter test but, against expectations, positively with the generalized self-efficacy scale. Conclusions: A Persian version of the Game Addiction Scale-21 proved to be a useful tool for assessing the risk of game addiction behavior. Further, the solution with 16 items loading on four factors appears respond to the ecological need of parsimony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Abdoli
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Vahid Farnia
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mostafa Alikhani
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders Zentrum fär Affektive-, Stress- und Schlafstörungen (ZASS), University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken (UPK), Basel, Switzerland.,Departments of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kenneth M Dürsteler
- Division of Substance Use Disorders Basel, University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maryam Esmaeili
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Annette Brühl
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders Zentrum fär Affektive-, Stress- und Schlafstörungen (ZASS), University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serge Brand
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders Zentrum fär Affektive-, Stress- und Schlafstörungen (ZASS), University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken (UPK), Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Shekari F, Habibi P, Nadrian H, Mohammadpoorasl A. Health-risk behaviors among Iranian university students, 2019: a web-based survey. Arch Public Health 2020; 78:131. [PMID: 33298189 PMCID: PMC7727248 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-020-00514-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-risk behaviors are among the most serious threats for the physical and mental health of adolescents and young adults. Our aims in this study were to investigate the subgroups of students based on risky behaviors and to identify the prevalence rate of these subgroups. METHODS This cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted from July to August 2019 in Tabriz, Iran. We performed proportional sampling in all nine universities of the city, according to the number of students in each university. Applying an online survey questionnaire, the data were collected from 3649 students and analyzed using Latent Class Analysis. RESULTS For total sample, standardized prevalence rates of cigarette smoking, hookah use, alcohol consumption, substance abuse and unsafe sex were 18.5 (Confidence Interval (CI) 95%: 17.3-19.8), 9.1 (CI 95%: 8.2-10.1), 9.2 (CI 95%: 8.3-10.2), 8.3 (CI 95%: 7.4-9.3) and 14.5 (CI 95%: 13.3-15.7), respectively. Three latent classes of risky behaviors were determined among students: a) low risk b) smoking and c) high risk. About 18% of boys and 1.5% of girls were in the high risk class. Cigarette smoking (18.5%, CI 95%: 17.3-19.8) and substance abuse (8.3%, CI 95%: 7.4-9.3) were the most and the least common risky behaviors among the students. CONCLUSION In this we-based survey, a considerable number of students, particularly boys (18%), was at high-risk class, stressing the need for preventive interventions for this group of youth. Our findings are beneficial for planning and development of risky-behavior preventive strategies to prevent high-risk behaviors among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Shekari
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Peyman Habibi
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Haidar Nadrian
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health & Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR, Iran
| | - Asghar Mohammadpoorasl
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Poorolajal J, Ebrahimi B, Rezapur-Shahkolai F, Doosti-Irani A, Alizadeh M, Ahmadpoor J, Moradi L, Biderafsh A, Nikbakht F, Golmohammadi Z, Sarbazi E, Bahadivand S, Jahani Sayad Noveiri M, Rezaei M, Ghorbani Gholiabad S, Heidari S, Bagheri H, Ghalandari M, Kiani FZ, Fakhranirad N, Ghavi S, Seydkhani P. The Epidemiology of Aggression and Associated Factors among Iranian Adult Population: A National Survey. J Res Health Sci 2020; 20:e00499. [PMID: 33424008 PMCID: PMC8695783 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2020.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This survey was conducted to determine the level of aggression among the Iranian adult population and underlying predisposing factors.
Study design: A cross-sectional study.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 10,957 participants, involving 23 out of the 31 provinces of Iran in 2019. The outcome of interest was aggression, evaluated by the Buss & Perry aggression questionnaire. The association between aggression and 34 demographic, behavioral, social, and cultural characteristics was assessed using simple and multiple linear regression.
Results: The overall mean (SD) score of aggression was 77.10 (22.53). Based on the severity of aggression, the participants were categorized into four groups as follows: 2,464 (23.1%) nonaggressive, 4,692 (43.9%) mild, 3,071 (28.8%) moderate, and 454 (4.2%) severe aggressive. Aggression was more likely to occur in people with the following characteristics: younger ages, having several siblings, lower ranks of birth, having an intimate friend of the opposite sex, having an aggressive father/mother, history of parental divorce, interest in watching action/porn movies, listening to music, history of escape from home/school, using neuropsychiatric drugs, using illicit drugs, history of suicidal thoughts/attempt, and family conflict and hostility. Aggression was less likely to occur with the following characteristics: reading, regular physical exercise, the ability to control anger, regular prayer, adherence to avoid lying, respect to other people's rights, sexual satisfaction, and attachment to parents.
Conclusions: A majority of the population has some degree of aggression. Aggression is a multifactorial behavior corresponding with several demographical, social, cultural, and religious factors, some of which back to early childhood events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Poorolajal
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Bahram Ebrahimi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Forouzan Rezapur-Shahkolai
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amin Doosti-Irani
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Library and Information Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Jamal Ahmadpoor
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leila Moradi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Azam Biderafsh
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Health Faculty, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Nikbakht
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad , Iran
| | - Zakie Golmohammadi
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad Iran
| | - Ehsan Sarbazi
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samira Bahadivand
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Rezaei
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ghorbani Gholiabad
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saber Heidari
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hadi Bagheri
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ghalandari
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zeynab Kiani
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Narges Fakhranirad
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Bojnurd University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Saeed Ghavi
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Parivash Seydkhani
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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11
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Bahadivand S, Doosti-Irani A, Karami M, Qorbani M, Mohammadi Y. Prevalence of high-risk behaviors in reproductive age women in Alborz province in 2019 using unmatched count technique. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2020; 20:186. [PMID: 32867777 PMCID: PMC7461357 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-020-01056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Our knowledge on the prevalence of high-risk behaviors among women of Alborz is not reliable due to the sensitivity of the issue. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of seven risk behaviors among the reproductive age women in Alborz Province, Iran. Method In this cross-sectional study, 2000 women were randomly selected from a registered healthcare system in 2019. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the required data. The prevalence of the risk behaviors including drug abuse, hookah, alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking, extramarital intercourse, and gambling was estimated using the unmatched count technique, and the prevalence rate was reported at a 95% confidence interval. Results The response rate for this study was 95%. The estimated prevalence for drug abuse, hookah, alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking, extramarital intercourse, and gambling were 3% (95%CI: 2.78 to 3.22), 10.5% (95%CI: 10.29 to 10.71), 7% (95%CI: 6.78 to 7.22), 10% (95%CI: 9.78 to 10.22), 8.7% (95%CI, 8.29 to 8.71), and 7.5% (95%CI, 4.71 to 7.28), respectively. Conclusion High risk behaviors are highly prevalent among Iranian women. Enforcing laws, prohibition, marketing restrictions, increasing taxation, expanding treatment, promoting condom distribution and providing community-based service are recommended to reduce the effects of high risk behaviors among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Bahadivand
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Students Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amin Doosti-Irani
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Modeling of Noncommunicable disease Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Manoochehr Karami
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Younes Mohammadi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. .,Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Opposite of Mardom Park, Hamadan, Iran.
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12
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Poorolajal J, Ahmadpoor J, Mohammadi Y, Soltanian AR, Asghari SZ, Mazloumi E. Prevalence of problematic internet use disorder and associated risk factors and complications among Iranian university students: a national survey. Health Promot Perspect 2019; 9:207-213. [PMID: 31508341 PMCID: PMC6717927 DOI: 10.15171/hpp.2019.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite the growing epidemic of problematic Internet use (PIU), little information is available on PIU and related factors in Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 4261 university students among 13universities throughout the country in 2017. The data collection tool included demographic characteristics, the status of using the Internet, social media, computer games, tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs, suicide ideation and attempt, and unprotected sex. PIU was measured using the15-item PIU questionnaire. The status of general health was evaluated using the 28-item general health questionnaire (GHQ) questionnaire. The simple and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to measure the crude and adjusted associations between various factors and PIU. Results: Of 4261 university students, 55.9% were female, 13.5% were smokers, 4.9% were drug abusers, 7.9% were alcohol abusers, 7.8% had unprotected sex in the past year, 7.4%had suicidal ideation in the past month, 1.7% had attempted suicide in the past year, and27.3% suffered from PIU. Only 61.1% had normal health. In contrast, 30.9%, 7.2%, and 0.8%had mild, moderate, and severe general health problems, respectively. There were significant relationships between PIU and age group 20-24 vs. <20 years (odds ratio [OR]=1.39; 95% CI:1.06, 1.82), single vs, married (OR=2.57; 95% CI: 1.85, 3.57), suicidal attempt (OR=2.77;95% CI: 1.47, 5.19), using online games (OR=1.31; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.60), and poor general health (OR=12.14; 95% CI: 4.53, 32.54). Conclusion: Nearly one-third of medical sciences students suffered from PIU. This unhealthy behavior was associated with poor general health and elevated risk of suicidal behaviors. This health-threatening behavior provides an early warning signal that deserves special attention, otherwise, it may threaten both college students' health and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Poorolajal
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Modeling of Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Jamal Ahmadpoor
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Younes Mohammadi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Modeling of Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Soltanian
- Modeling of Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Zahra Asghari
- Department of English Language and Persian Literature, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ehsan Mazloumi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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13
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Safa A, Valiee S, Fazel Darbandi A, Aghajani M. Risky Behaviors and Sensation-Seeking in Adolescence: A Descriptive Correlational Study. Compr Child Adolesc Nurs 2019; 43:260-273. [PMID: 31233367 DOI: 10.1080/24694193.2019.1628115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Risky behaviors are common in developing countries, especially in adolescence. Moreover, sensation seeking is an important factor in personality. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between risky behaviors and sensation-seeking in a sample of Iranian adolescents. This study used a cross-sectional method with 400 high school adolescents (age between 15 and 21 years old) in Kashan city from multistage random sampling. The research instrument consisted of three parts: a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) and the Zuckerman Sensation-Seeking Scale-V (SSS-V). Data analysis was performed using the t-test, ANOVA, chi-square, regression and Spearman correlation coefficient in SPSS v 11.5. Risky behaviors were found in 51.2% of students, and a significant difference was found between the male and female students in this regard (p < .021). The overall sensation-seeking score and the scores in the dimensions of experience seeking, disinhibition, and boredom susceptibility were higher in males than females (p < .0001). All dimensions of sensation-seeking other than disinhibition dimension could significantly predict risky behavior. Sensation seeking can be used as an indicator for screening risky behaviors. Detailed planning on the part of the health care system and public authorities is recommended for appropriate screening and counseling adolescents with risky behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azade Safa
- Trauma Nursing Research Center, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Kashan, Iran
| | - Sina Valiee
- Clinical Care Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences , Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Fazel Darbandi
- Department of Curriculum Planning, Kashan Directorate General of Employment and Training , Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Aghajani
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Psychiatric nursing, Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Kashan, Iran
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