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Meng C, Luo X, Li J, Zhang Y, Lv Z, Hou C, Liu K, Liu F. Mineralised collagen regulated the secretion of adrenomedullin by macrophages to activate the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway to promote bone defect repair. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131800. [PMID: 38679262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Biomaterials can affect the osteogenic process by regulating the function of macrophages and transforming the bone immune microenvironment. Mineralised collagen (MC) is an artificial bone that is highly consistent to the microstructure of the native osseous matrix. The studies have confirmed that MC can achieve effective regeneration of bone defects, but the potential mechanism of MC regulating osteogenesis is still unclear. This study confirmed that MC regulate the high expression of adrenomedullin (ADM) in macrophages and promote the osteogenic differentiation, proliferation and migration of BMSCs. Moreover, ADM activated the PI3K/Akt pathway, while the inhibition of PI3K/Akt hindered the proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs promoted by ADM. Additionally, the rat mandibular defect model confirmed that ADM promote the repair of mandibular defects, and the inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway hinders the osteogenic effect of ADM. Our study suggests that MC regulates ADM secretion by macrophages, creates an ideal bone immune microenvironment, activates the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway, and promotes osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiu Meng
- Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng Hospital Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng Hospital Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Jun Li
- Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng Hospital Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Yujue Zhang
- Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng Hospital Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Zhaoyong Lv
- Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng Hospital Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Caiyao Hou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng Hospital Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng 252000, China.
| | - Fengzhen Liu
- Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng Hospital Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng 252000, China.
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Steltzer SS, Abraham AC, Killian ML. Interfacial Tissue Regeneration with Bone. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2024; 22:290-298. [PMID: 38358401 PMCID: PMC11060924 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-024-00859-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Interfacial tissue exists throughout the body at cartilage-to-bone (osteochondral interface) and tendon-to-bone (enthesis) interfaces. Healing of interfacial tissues is a current challenge in regenerative approaches because the interface plays a critical role in stabilizing and distributing the mechanical stress between soft tissues (e.g., cartilage and tendon) and bone. The purpose of this review is to identify new directions in the field of interfacial tissue development and physiology that can guide future regenerative strategies for improving post-injury healing. RECENT FINDINGS Cues from interfacial tissue development may guide regeneration including biological cues such as cell phenotype and growth factor signaling; structural cues such as extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, ECM, and cell alignment; and mechanical cues such as compression, tension, shear, and the stiffness of the cellular microenvironment. In this review, we explore new discoveries in the field of interfacial biology related to ECM remodeling, cellular metabolism, and fate. Based on emergent findings across multiple disciplines, we lay out a framework for future innovations in the design of engineered strategies for interface regeneration. Many of the key mechanisms essential for interfacial tissue development and adaptation have high potential for improving outcomes in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S Steltzer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Adam C Abraham
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Megan L Killian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Escobar Jaramillo M, Covarrubias C, Patiño González E, Ossa Orozco CP. Optimization by mixture design of chitosan/multi-phase calcium phosphate/BMP-2 biomimetic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 152:106423. [PMID: 38290393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The modulation of cell behavior during culture is one of the most important aspects of bone tissue engineering because of the necessity for a complex mechanical and biochemical environment. This study aimed to improve the physicochemical properties of chitosan/multi-phase calcium phosphate (MCaP) scaffolds using an optimized mixture design experiment and evaluate the effect of biofunctionalization of the obtained scaffolds with the bone morphogenetic protein BMP-2 on stem cell behavior. The present study evaluated the compressive strength, elastic modulus, porosity, pore diameter, and degradation in simulated body fluids and integrated these responses using desirability. The properties of the scaffolds with the best desirability (18.4% of MCaP) were: compressive strength of 23 kPa, elastic modulus of 430 kPa, pore diameter of 163 μm, porosity of 92%, and degradation of 20% after 21 days. Proliferation and differentiation experiments were conducted using dental pulp stem cells after grafting BMP-2 onto scaffolds via the carbodiimide route. These experiments showed that MCaP promoted cell proliferation and increased alkaline phosphatase activity, whereas BMP-2 enhanced cell differentiation. This study demonstrates that optimizing the composition of a mixture of chitosan and MCaP improves the physicochemical and biological properties of scaffolds, indicating that this solution is viable for application in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Escobar Jaramillo
- Grupo de Investigación en Biomateriales, Programa de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia.
| | - Cristian Covarrubias
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, Universidad de, Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Edwin Patiño González
- Grupo de Bioquímica Estructural de Macromoléculas, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Claudia Patricia Ossa Orozco
- Grupo de Investigación en Biomateriales, Programa de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
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4
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Iravani K, Mousavi S, Owji SM, Sani M, Owji SH. Effect of amniotic membrane/collagen scaffolds on laryngeal cartilage repair. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2024; 9:e1222. [PMID: 38362193 PMCID: PMC10866587 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Laryngeal cartilage defects are a major problem that greatly impacts structural integrity and function. Cartilage repair is also a challenging issue. This study evaluated the efficacy of a collagen scaffold enveloped by amniotic membrane (AM/C) on laryngeal cartilage repair. Study Design Experimental animal study. Methods Fourteen Dutch rabbits were enrolled in the study. A 5 mm cartilage defect was created in the right and left thyroid lamina. The animals were divided into two groups randomly. Group 1 collagen scaffolds and group 2 AM/C were applied to the right side defects. Left side defects were not repaired, serving as control. Histologic evaluation was done 45 and 90 days following collagen and AM/C application with criteria of tissue and cell morphology, lacuna formation, vascularization, and inflammation. Results Significant improvement in cartilage repair was observed in the AM/C side compared to the control side in all histologic criteria after 45 days (p<.05). After 90 days, cartilage repair improved in cell morphology, lacuna formation, and inflammation significantly (p<.05). Conclusion The combination of amniotic membrane and collagen scaffolds provides a promising treatment modality for improving the repair of laryngeal cartilage defects. Level of Evidence NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamyar Iravani
- Otolaryngology Research Center, Department of OtolaryngologyShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Simin Mousavi
- Otolaryngology Research Center, Department of OtolaryngologyShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Owji
- Department of PathologySchool of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Mahsa Sani
- Shiraz Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Seyed Hossein Owji
- Otolaryngology Research Center, Department of OtolaryngologyShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
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Kolliopoulos V, Tiffany A, Polanek M, Harley BAC. DONOR VARIABILITY IN HUMAN MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL OSTEOGENIC RESPONSE AS A FUNCTION OF PASSAGE CONDITIONS AND DONOR SEX. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.12.566781. [PMID: 38014316 PMCID: PMC10680622 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.12.566781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary tissue engineering efforts often seek to use mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) due to their potential to differentiate to various tissue-specific cells and generate a pro-regenerative secretome. While MSC differentiation and therapeutic potential can differ as a function of matrix environment, it may also be widely influenced as a function of donor-to-donor variability. Further, effects of passage number and donor sex may further convolute the identification of clinically effective MSC-mediated regeneration technologies. We report efforts to adapt a well-defined mineralized collagen scaffold platform to study the influence of MSC proliferation and osteogenic potential as a function of passage number and donor sex. Mineralized collagen scaffolds broadly support MSC osteogenic differentiation and regenerative potency in the absence of traditional osteogenic supplements for a wide range of MSCs (rabbit, rat, porcine, human). We obtained a library of bone marrow and adipose tissue derived stem cells to examine donor-variability of regenerative potency in mineralized collagen scaffolds. MSCs displayed reduced proliferative capacity as a function of passage duration. Further, MSCs showed significant sex-based differences. Notably, MSCs from male donors displayed significantly higher metabolic activity and proliferation while MSCs from female donor displayed significantly higher osteogenic response via increased alkaline phosphate activity, osteoprotegerin release, and mineral formation in vitro. Our study highlights the essentiality of considering MSC donor sex and culture expansion in future studies of biomaterial regenerative potential.
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Hu Z, Luo Y, Ni R, Hu Y, Yang F, Du T, Zhu Y. Biological importance of human amniotic membrane in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Mater Today Bio 2023; 22:100790. [PMID: 37711653 PMCID: PMC10498009 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The human amniotic membrane (hAM) is the innermost layer of the placenta. Its distinctive structure and the biological and physical characteristics make it a highly biocompatible material in a variety of regenerative medicine applications. It also acts as a supply of bioactive factors and cells, which indicate the advantages over other tissues. In this review, we firstly discussed the biological properties of hAM-derived cells in vivo or in vitro, along with their stemness of markers, pointing out a promising source of stem cells for regenerative medicine. Then, we systematically summarized current knowledge on the collection, preparation, preservation, and decellularization of hAM, as well as their characteristics helping to improve the understanding of applications in tissue engineering. Finally, we highlighted the recent advances in which hAM has undergone additional modifications to achieve an adequate perspective of regenerative medicine applications. More investigations are required in utilizing appropriate modifications to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of hAM in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeming Hu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Renhao Ni
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yiwei Hu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Tianyu Du
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yabin Zhu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
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Jahanafrooz Z, Bakhshandeh B, Behnam Abdollahi S, Seyedjafari E. Human amniotic membrane as a multifunctional biomaterial: recent advances and applications. J Biomater Appl 2023; 37:1341-1354. [PMID: 36331116 DOI: 10.1177/08853282221137609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The developing fetus is wrapped by a human amniotic membrane or amnion. Amnion is a promising human tissue allograft in clinical application because of its chemical composition, collagen-based, and mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix. In addition, amnion contains cells and growth factors; therefore, meets the essential parameters of tissue engineering. No donor morbidity, easy processing and storage, fewer ethical issue, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and non-immunogenic properties are other advantages of amnion usage. For these reasons, amnion can resolve some bottlenecks in the regenerative medicine issues such as tissue engineering and cell therapy. Over the last decades, biomedical applications of amnion have evolved from a simple sheet for skin or cornea repair to high-technology applications such as amnion nanocomposite, powder, or hydrogel for the regeneration of cartilage, muscle, tendon, and heart. Furthermore, amnion has anticancer as well as drug/cell delivery capacity. This review highlights various ancient and new applications of amnion in research and clinical applications, from regenerative medicine to cancer therapy, focusing on articles published during the last decade that also revealed information regarding amnion-based products. Challenges and future perspectives of the amnion in regenerative medicine are also discussed.
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Homer NA, Hanafy MS, Baer SC, Watson AH, Somogyi M, Shore JW, Blaydon S, Durairaj VD, Cui Z, Nakra T. 5-Fluorouracil With Microneedling Modulates Wound Healing in a Murine Model: An Immunohistochemical Analysis of Mechanism and Dose Efficacy. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2022; 38:596-601. [PMID: 35604385 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000002227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to assess the dose-dependent immunohistopathological effects of intradermal microneedle-delivered 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for postincisional wound healing in a murine model. METHODS A prospective experimental study was performed. Twelve hairless mice were randomized into 4 treatment groups for postincisional wound treatment: microneedling with topical saline, or microneeding with topically-applied 5-FU at concentrations of 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, or 100 mg/ml. Two surgical wounds were created on each animal. Combination wound treatments were performed on postoperative days 14 and 28, and cutaneous biopsies were obtained on day 56. Specimens were analyzed by a dermatopathologist, blinded to the treatment group, for collagen thickness, lymphocytic infiltration, histiocytic response, sub-epidermal basement membrane zone thickness, and myofibroblast density. RESULTS Histopathologic evaluation showed increased collagen thickness, lymphocyte infiltration, and granuloma density in the groups undergoing microneedling treatment with 5-FU, compared to saline. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a trend toward thicker basement membranes with higher concentrations of 5-FU used, reaching statistical significance between controls and those treated with 100 mg/ml 5-FU ( p = 0.0493). A trend toward decreasing myofibroblast density with increasing doses of 5-FU was noted. No postincisional or treatment complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that microneedling is an effective topical subepithelial drug delivery system, and further suggest a beneficial dose-dependent immunomodulatory effect of 5-FU on intermediate wound healing when used in combination with microneedling. We recommend a 5-FU dose at the mid-range 50 mg/ml concentration to simultaneously maximize efficacy and minimize complication risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Homer
- Division of Ophthalmic Plastic and Orbital Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, UC Davis Eye Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Mahmoud S Hanafy
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | | | - Alison H Watson
- Oculoplastic and Orbital Surgery Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marie Somogyi
- TOC Eye and Face, Austin, Texas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - John W Shore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Sean Blaydon
- TOC Eye and Face, Austin, Texas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Vikram D Durairaj
- TOC Eye and Face, Austin, Texas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Tanuj Nakra
- TOC Eye and Face, Austin, Texas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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Tian C, Wang Z, Huang L, Liu Y, Wu K, Li Z, Han B, Jiao D, Han X, Zhao Y. One-step fabrication of lidocaine/CalliSpheres ® composites for painless transcatheter arterial embolization. Lab Invest 2022; 20:463. [PMID: 36221084 PMCID: PMC9552470 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03653-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is one of the first-line treatments for advanced hepatocellular cancer. The pain caused by TAE is a stark complication, which remains to be prevented by biomedical engineering methods. METHODS Herein, a commercial embolic agent CalliSpheres® bead (CB) was functionally modified with lidocaine (Lid) using an electrostatic self-assembly technique. The products were coded as CB/Lid-n (n = 0, 5, 10, corresponding to the relative content of Lid). The chemical compositions, morphology, drug-loading, and drug-releasing ability of CB/Lid-n were comprehensively investigated. The biocompatibility was determined by hemolysis assay, live/dead cell staining assay, CCK8 assay, immunofluorescence (IHC) staining assay and quantitative real-time PCR. The thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) and edema ratio (ER) were performed to evaluate the analgesia of CB/Lid-n using a plantar inflammation model. A series of histological staining, including immunohistochemistry (IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β and Navi1.7) and TUNEL were conducted to reveal the underlying mechanism of anti-tumor effect of CB/Lid-n on a VX2-tumor bearing model. RESULTS Lid was successfully loaded onto the surface of CalliSpheres® bead, and the average diameter of CalliSpheres® bead increased along with the dosage of Lid. CB/Lid-n exhibited desirable drug-loading ratio, drug-embedding ratio, and sustained drug-release capability. CB/Lid-n had mild toxicity towards L929 cells, while triggered no obvious hemolysis. Furthermore, CB/Lid-n could improve the carrageenan-induced inflammation response micro-environment in vivo and in vitro. We found that CB/Lid-10 could selectively kill tumor by blocking blood supply, inhibiting cell proliferation, and promoting cell apoptosis. CB/Lid-10 could also release Lid to relieve post-operative pain, mainly by remodeling the harsh inflammation micro-environment (IME). CONCLUSIONS In summary, CB/Lid-10 has relatively good biocompatibility and bioactivity, and it can serve as a promising candidate for painless transcatheter arterial embolization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Tian
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yimin Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Kunpeng Wu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhaonan Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Bin Han
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Dechao Jiao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Gonzalez-Vilchis RA, Piedra-Ramirez A, Patiño-Morales CC, Sanchez-Gomez C, Beltran-Vargas NE. Sources, Characteristics, and Therapeutic Applications of Mesenchymal Cells in Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:325-361. [PMID: 35092596 PMCID: PMC8971271 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00417-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) is a therapeutic option within regenerative medicine that allows to mimic the original cell environment and functional organization of the cell types necessary for the recovery or regeneration of damaged tissue using cell sources, scaffolds, and bioreactors. Among the cell sources, the utilization of mesenchymal cells (MSCs) has gained great interest because these multipotent cells are capable of differentiating into diverse tissues, in addition to their self-renewal capacity to maintain their cell population, thus representing a therapeutic alternative for those diseases that can only be controlled with palliative treatments. This review aimed to summarize the state of the art of the main sources of MSCs as well as particular characteristics of each subtype and applications of MSCs in TE in seven different areas (neural, osseous, epithelial, cartilage, osteochondral, muscle, and cardiac) with a systemic revision of advances made in the last 10 years. It was observed that bone marrow-derived MSCs are the principal type of MSCs used in TE, and the most commonly employed techniques for MSCs characterization are immunodetection techniques. Moreover, the utilization of natural biomaterials is higher (41.96%) than that of synthetic biomaterials (18.75%) for the construction of the scaffolds in which cells are seeded. Further, this review shows alternatives of MSCs derived from other tissues and diverse strategies that can improve this area of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Angelica Gonzalez-Vilchis
- Molecular Biology Undergraduate Program, Natural Science and Engineering Division, Cuajimalpa Unit, Autonomous Metropolitan University, 05340 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Angelica Piedra-Ramirez
- Molecular Biology Undergraduate Program, Natural Science and Engineering Division, Cuajimalpa Unit, Autonomous Metropolitan University, 05340 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Carlos Cesar Patiño-Morales
- Research Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Experimental Teratogenesis, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, 06720 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Concepcion Sanchez-Gomez
- Research Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Experimental Teratogenesis, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, 06720 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Nohra E. Beltran-Vargas
- Department of Processes and Technology, Natural Science and Engineering Division, Cuajimalpa Unit, Autonomous Metropolitan University, Cuajimalpa. Vasco de Quiroga 4871. Cuajimalpa de Morelos, 05348 CDMX, Mexico
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11
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Kolliopoulos V, Dewey MJ, Polanek M, Xu H, Harley BAC. Amnion and chorion matrix maintain hMSC osteogenic response and enhance immunomodulatory and angiogenic potential in a mineralized collagen scaffold. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1034701. [PMID: 36466348 PMCID: PMC9714677 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1034701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniomaxillofacial (CMF) bone injuries present a major surgical challenge and cannot heal naturally due to their large size and complex topography. We are developing a mineralized collagen scaffold that mimics extracellular matrix (ECM) features of bone. These scaffolds induce in vitro human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) osteogenic differentiation and in vivo bone formation without the need for exogenous osteogenic supplements. Here, we seek to enhance pro-regenerative potential via inclusion of placental-derived products in the scaffold architecture. The amnion and chorion membranes are distinct components of the placenta that each have displayed anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and osteogenic properties. While potentially a powerful modification to our mineralized collagen scaffolds, the route of inclusion (matrix-immobilized or soluble) is not well understood. Here we compare the effect of introducing amnion and chorion membrane matrix versus soluble extracts derived from these membranes into the collagen scaffolds on scaffold biophysical features and resultant hMSC osteogenic activity. While inclusion of amnion and chorion matrix into the scaffold microarchitecture during fabrication does not influence their porosity, it does influence compression properties. Incorporating soluble extracts from the amnion membrane into the scaffold post-fabrication induces the highest levels of hMSC metabolic activity and equivalent mineral deposition and elution of the osteoclast inhibitor osteoprotegerin (OPG) compared to the conventional mineralized collagen scaffolds. Mineralized collagen-amnion composite scaffolds elicited enhanced early stage osteogenic gene expression (BGLAP, BMP2), increased immunomodulatory gene expression (CCL2, HGF, and MCSF) and increased angiogenic gene expression (ANGPT1, VEGFA) in hMSCs. Mineralized collagen-chorion composite scaffolds promoted immunomodulatory gene expression in hMSCs (CCL2, HGF, and IL6) while unaffecting osteogenic gene expression. Together, these findings suggest that mineralized collagen scaffolds modified using matrix derived from amnion and chorion membranes represent a promising environment conducive to craniomaxillofacial bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Kolliopoulos
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Marley J Dewey
- Department Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Maxwell Polanek
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Hui Xu
- Tumor Engineering and Phenotyping (TEP) Shared Resource, Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, United States.,Department Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, United States.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, United States
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12
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Cao L, Tong Y, Wang X, Zhang Q, Qi Y, Zhou C, Yu X, Wu Y, Miao X. Effect of Amniotic Membrane/Collagen-Based Scaffolds on the Chondrogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Cartilage Repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:647166. [PMID: 34900977 PMCID: PMC8657407 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.647166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Repairing articular cartilage damage is challenging. Clinically, tissue engineering technology is used to induce stem cell differentiation and proliferation on biological scaffolds to repair defective joints. However, no ideal biological scaffolds have been identified. This study investigated the effects of amniotic membrane/collagen scaffolds on the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and articular cartilage repair. Methods: Adipose tissue of New Zealand rabbits was excised, and ADSCs were isolated and induced for differentiation. An articular cartilage defect model was constructed to identify the effect of amniotic membrane/collagen scaffolds on cartilage repair. Cartilage formation was analyzed by imaging and toluene blue staining. Knee joint recovery in rabbits was examined using hematoxylin and eosin, toluidine, safranine, and immunohistochemistry at 12 weeks post-operation. Gene expression was examined using ELISA, RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Results: The adipose tissue was effectively differentiated into ADSCs, which further differentiated into chondrogenic, osteogenic, and lipogenic lineages after 3 weeks’ culture in vitro. Compared with platelet-rich plasmon (PRP) scaffolds, the amniotic membrane scaffolds better promoted the growth and differentiation of ADSCs. Additionally, scaffolds containing the PRP and amniotic membrane efficiently enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs. The levels of COL1A1, COL2A1, COL10A1, SOX9, and ACAN in ADSCs + amniotic membrane + PRP group were significantly higher than the other groups both in vitro and in vivo. The Wakitani scores of the ADSC + amniotic membrane + PRP group were lower than that in ADSC + PRP (4.4 ± 0.44**), ADSC + amniotic membrane (2.63 ± 0.38**), and control groups (6.733 ± 0.21) at week 12 post-operation. Osteogenesis in rabbits of the ADSC + amniotic membrane + PRP group was significantly upregulated when compared with other groups. Amniotic membranes significantly promoted the expression of cartilage regeneration-related factors (SOX6, SOX9, RUNX2, NKX3-2, MEF2C, and GATA4). The ADSC + PRP + amniotic membrane group exhibited the highest levels of TGF-β, PDGF, and FGF while exhibiting the lowest level of IL-1β, IL6, and TNF-α in articular cavity. Conclusion: Amniotic membrane/collagen combination-based scaffolds promoted the proliferation and cartilage differentiation of ADSCs, and may provide a new treatment paradigm for patients with cartilage injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Cao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuling Tong
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shaoxing Shangyu Hospital of Traditional Chinese medicine, Shaoxing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiying Qi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenhe Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinning Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongping Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xudong Miao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Jing L, Fan S, Yao X, Zhang Y. Effects of compound stimulation of fluid shear stress plus ultrasound on stem cell proliferation and osteogenesis. Regen Biomater 2021; 8:rbab066. [PMID: 34868635 PMCID: PMC8634505 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue with strong adaptability is often in a complex dynamical microenvironment in vivo, which is associated with the pathogenesis and treatment of orthopedic diseases. Therefore, it is of great significance to investigate the effects of corresponding compound stimulation on cell behaviors. Herein, a fluid shear stress (FSS) plus ultrasound stimulation platform suitable for cell studies based on a microfluidic chip was constructed and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) was chosen as a model cell. The proliferation and osteogenesis of BMSCs under the compound stimulation of FSS plus ultrasound in growth medium without any soluble induction factors were firstly investigated. Single FSS stimulation and static culture conditions were also examined. Results illustrated that suitable single FSS stimulation (about 0.06 dyn/cm2) could significantly enhance cell proliferation and osteogenesis simultaneously when compared to the static control, while greater FSS mitigated or even restricted these enhancing effects. Interestingly, ultrasound stimulation combined with this suitable FSS stimulation further accelerated cell proliferation as the intensity of ultrasound increasing. As for the osteogenesis under compound stimulation, it was relatively restricted under lower ultrasound intensity (about 0.075 W/cm2), while promoted when the intensity became higher (about 1.75 W/cm2). This study suggests that both the cell proliferation and osteogenesis are very responsive to the magnitudes of FSS and ultrasound stimulations and can be both significantly enhanced by proper combination strategies. Moreover, these findings will provide valuable references for the construction of effective cell bioreactors and also the treatment of orthopedic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Suna Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China.,Jinan Jinquan Bio-Technology Co. Ltd, Jinan 250101, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Yaopeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China.,Jinan Jinquan Bio-Technology Co. Ltd, Jinan 250101, P.R. China
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14
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Dewey MJ, Milner DJ, Weisgerber D, Flanagan CL, Rubessa M, Lotti S, Polkoff KM, Crotts S, Hollister SJ, Wheeler MB, Harley BAC. Repair of critical-size porcine craniofacial bone defects using a collagen-polycaprolactone composite biomaterial. Biofabrication 2021; 14. [PMID: 34663761 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac30d5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine approaches for massive craniomaxillofacial (CMF) bone defects face challenges associated with the scale of missing bone, the need for rapid graft-defect integration, and challenges related to inflammation and infection. Mineralized collagen scaffolds have been shown to promote mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis due to their porous nature and material properties, but are mechanically weak, limiting surgical practicality. Previously, these scaffolds were combined with 3D-printed polycaprolactone (PCL) mesh to form a scaffold-mesh composite to increase strength and promote bone formation in sub-critical sized porcine ramus defects. Here, we compare the performance of mineralized collagen-PCL composites to the PCL mesh in a critical-sized porcine ramus defect model. While there were no differences in overall healing response between groups, our data demonstrated broadly variable metrics of healing regarding new bone infiltration and fibrous tissue formation. Abscesses were present surrounding some implants and PCL polymer was still present after 9-10 months of implantation. Overall, while there was limited successful healing, with 2 of 22 implants showed substantial levels of bone regeneration, and others demonstrating some form of new bone formation, the results suggest targeted improvements to improve repair of large animal models to more accurately represent CMF bone healing. Notably, strategies to increase osteogenesis throughout the implant, modulate the immune system to support repair, and employ shape-fitting tactics to avoid implant micromotion and resultant fibrosis. Improvements to the mineralized collagen scaffolds involve changes in pore size and shape to increase cell migration and osteogenesis and inclusion or delivery of factors to aid vascular ingrowth and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marley J Dewey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America
| | - Derek J Milner
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America
| | - Daniel Weisgerber
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America
| | - Colleen L Flanagan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 30332, United States of America
| | - Marcello Rubessa
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America
| | - Sammi Lotti
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America
| | - Kathryn M Polkoff
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America
| | - Sarah Crotts
- Center for 3D Medical Fabrication, Wallace A. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, United States of America
| | - Scott J Hollister
- Center for 3D Medical Fabrication, Wallace A. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, United States of America
| | - Matthew B Wheeler
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America
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15
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Luo H, Liu W, Zhou Y, Jiang X, Liu Y, Yang Q, Shao L. Concentrated growth factor regulates the macrophage-mediated immune response. Regen Biomater 2021; 8:rbab049. [PMID: 34513006 PMCID: PMC8421811 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Concentrated growth factor (CGF) is a promising regenerative material that serves as a scaffold and adjunct growth factor for tissue engineering. The host immune response, particularly macrophage activity, plays a critical role in injury repair and tissue regeneration. However, the biological effect of CGF on the immune response is not clear. To enrich the theoretical groundwork for clinical application, the present study examined the immunoregulatory role of CGF in macrophage functional activities in vitro. The CGF scaffold appeared as a dense fibrin network with multiple embedded leukocytes and platelets, and it was biocompatible with macrophages. Concentrated bioactive factors in the CGF extract enhanced THP-1 monocyte recruitment and promoted the maturation of suspended monocytes into adherent macrophages. CGF extract also promoted THP-1 macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype with upregulated CD163 expression, as detected by cell morphology and surface marker expression. A cytokine antibody array showed that CGF extract exerted a regulatory effect on macrophage functional activities by reducing secretion of the inflammatory factor interleukin-1β while inducing expression of the chemokine regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted. Mechanistically, the AKT signaling pathway was activated, and an AKT inhibitor partially suppressed the immunomodulatory effect of CGF. Our findings reveal that CGF induces a favorable immune response mediated by macrophages, which represents a promising strategy for functional tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Luo
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, 366 Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yachuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, NO. 14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd., Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yeungyeung Liu
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, 366 Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
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16
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Yi QY, Wang SS, Gui Q, Chen LS, Li WD. Autologous tenon capsule packing to treat posterior exit wound of penetrating injury: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:5211-5216. [PMID: 34307569 PMCID: PMC8283586 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i19.5211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study reports a case of autologous tenon capsule packing to treat the posterior exit wound of penetrating injury.
CASE SUMMARY To treat a 58-year-old male patient with penetrating eyeball injury caused by an iron sheet, we used autologous tenon capsule packing. Two months after removal of the silicone oil, the corrected visual acuity was 0.3, the retina was flat, the tenon capsule graft was in place, the posterior wound closed well, and the intraocular pressure was 15.8 mmHg.
CONCLUSION Autologous tenon capsule packing to treat the posterior exit wound of penetrating injury is safe and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Yong Yi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo 315040, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Sang-Sang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo 315040, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qian Gui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo 315040, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li-Shuang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo 315040, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wen-Die Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo 315040, Zhejiang Province, China
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17
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Dadkhah Tehrani F, Firouzeh A, Shabani I, Shabani A. A Review on Modifications of Amniotic Membrane for Biomedical Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:606982. [PMID: 33520961 PMCID: PMC7839407 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.606982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The amniotic membrane (AM) is the innermost layer of the fetal placenta, which surrounds and protects the fetus. Its unique structure, in addition to its physical and biological properties, makes it a useful substance in many applications related to regenerative medicine. The use of this fantastic substance with a century-old history has produced remarkable results in vivo, in vitro, and even in clinical studies. While the intact or preserved AM is widely used for these purposes, the addition of further modifications to AM can be considered as a relatively new subject in its applications. These modifications are applied to improve AM properties, ease of handling, and durability. Here, we will discuss the cases in which AM has undergone additional modifications besides the required processes for sterilization and preservation. In this article, we have categorized these modifications and discussed their applications and results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Dadkhah Tehrani
- Cell Engineering and Bio-microsystems Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Faculty, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Firouzeh
- Cell Engineering and Bio-microsystems Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Faculty, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Shabani
- Cell Engineering and Bio-microsystems Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Faculty, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Shabani
- Preventative Gynecology Research Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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