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Cheng P, Zhao X, Han M, Zhuang Y, Ning F, Hu Y, Lu W, Miao S, Zhao C, Jia L, Hao X, Sun M, Wang J, Chen F, Yang L, Jie Q. Periodic static compression of micro-strain pattern regulates endochondral bone formation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1356135. [PMID: 38600948 PMCID: PMC11004279 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1356135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Developmental engineering based on endochondral ossification has been proposed as a potential strategy for repairing of critical bone defects. Bone development is driven by growth plate-mediated endochondral ossification. Under physiological conditions, growth plate chondrocytes undergo compressive forces characterized by micro-mechanics, but the regulatory effect of micro-mechanical loading on endochondral bone formation has not been investigated. Methods: In this study, a periodic static compression (PSC) model characterized by micro-strain (with 0.5% strain) was designed to clarify the effects of biochemical/mechanical cues on endochondral bone formation. Hydrogel scaffolds loaded with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were incubated in proliferation medium or chondrogenic medium, and PSC was performed continuously for 14 or 28 days. Subsequently, the scaffold pretreated for 28 days was implanted into rat femoral muscle pouches and femoral condylar defect sites. The chondrogenesis and bone defect repair were evaluated 4 or 10 weeks post-operation. Results: The results showed that PSC stimulation for 14 days significantly increased the number of COL II positive cells in proliferation medium. However, the chondrogenic efficiency of BMSCs was significantly improved in chondrogenic medium, with or without PSC application. The induced chondrocytes (ichondrocytes) spontaneously underwent hypertrophy and maturation, but long-term mechanical stimulation (loading for 28 days) significantly inhibited hypertrophy and mineralization in ichondrocytes. In the heterotopic ossification model, no chondrocytes were found and no significant difference in terms of mineral deposition in each group; However, 4 weeks after implantation into the femoral defect site, all scaffolds that were subjected to biochemical/mechanical cues, either solely or synergistically, showed typical chondrocytes and endochondral bone formation. In addition, simultaneous biochemical induction/mechanical loading significantly accelerated the bone regeneration. Discussion: Our findings suggest that microstrain mechanics, biochemical cues, and in vivo microenvironment synergistically regulate the differentiation fate of BMSCs. Meanwhile, this study shows the potential of micro-strain mechanics in the treatment of critical bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhen Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Pediatric Orthopaedic Hospital, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Skeletal Developmental Deformity and Injury Repair, Xi’an, China
| | - Xueyi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Meige Han
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Pediatric Orthopaedic Hospital, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yaping Zhuang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenru Ning
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yaqian Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Weiguang Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Sheng Miao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chengxiang Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Liyuan Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xue Hao
- Pediatric Orthopaedic Hospital, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Skeletal Developmental Deformity and Injury Repair, Xi’an, China
| | - Meng Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Junxiang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Pediatric Orthopaedic Hospital, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fulin Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Skeletal Developmental Deformity and Injury Repair, Xi’an, China
- Research Center for Skeletal Developmental Deformity and Injury Repair, School of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qiang Jie
- Pediatric Orthopaedic Hospital, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Skeletal Developmental Deformity and Injury Repair, Xi’an, China
- Research Center for Skeletal Developmental Deformity and Injury Repair, School of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
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Huang Y, Sun M, Lu Z, Zhong Q, Tan M, Wei Q, Zheng L. Role of integrin β1 and tenascin C mediate TGF-SMAD2/3 signaling in chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs induced by type I collagen hydrogel. Regen Biomater 2024; 11:rbae017. [PMID: 38525326 PMCID: PMC10960929 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cartilage defects may lead to severe degenerative joint diseases. Tissue engineering based on type I collagen hydrogel that has chondrogenic potential is ideal for cartilage repair. However, the underlying mechanisms of chondrogenic differentiation driven by type I collagen hydrogel have not been fully clarified. Herein, we explored potential collagen receptors and chondrogenic signaling pathways through bioinformatical analysis to investigate the mechanism of collagen-induced chondrogenesis. Results showed that the super enhancer-related genes induced by collagen hydrogel were significantly enriched in the TGF-β signaling pathway, and integrin-β1 (ITGB1), a receptor of collagen, was highly expressed in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Further analysis showed genes such as COL2A1 and Tenascin C (TNC) that interacted with ITGB1 were significantly enriched in extracellular matrix (ECM) structural constituents in the chondrogenic induction group. Knockdown of ITGB1 led to the downregulation of cartilage-specific genes (SOX9, ACAN, COL2A1), SMAD2 and TNC, as well as the downregulation of phosphorylation of SMAD2/3. Knockdown of TNC also resulted in the decrease of cartilage markers, ITGB1 and the SMAD2/3 phosphorylation but overexpression of TNC showed the opposite trend. Finally, in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed the involvement of ITGB1 and TNC in collagen-mediated chondrogenic differentiation and cartilage regeneration. In summary, we demonstrated that ITGB1 was a crucial receptor for chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs induced by collagen hydrogel. It can activate TGF-SMAD2/3 signaling, followed by impacting TNC expression, which in turn promotes the interaction of ITGB1 and TGF-SMAD2/3 signaling to enhance chondrogenesis. These may provide concernful support for cartilage tissue engineering and biomaterials development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Huang
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Miao Sun
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhenhui Lu
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Qiuling Zhong
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Manli Tan
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Qingjun Wei
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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Du Y, Zhong H, Yu C, Lv Y, Yao Y, Peng Z, Lu S. Mir-142-5p inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by targeting Lhx8. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19878. [PMID: 37809754 PMCID: PMC10559276 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP), a common systemic bone metabolism disease with a high incidence rate, is a serious health risk factor. Osteogenic differentiation balance is regulated by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and plays a key role in OP occurrence and progression. Although, LIM homeobox 8 (Lhx8) has been identified to affect BMSCs osteogenic differentiation, its roles in OP and the associated mechanism remains unclear. Here, we aimed to elucidate the role and mechanism of Lhx8 in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. BMSCs isolated from wild type and OP Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured and confirmed via flow cytometry and microscopy. Based on dual-luciferase reporter assay, BMSCs were transfected with miR-142-5p mimics and miR-NC (negative control). Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses were performed to determine the role of Lhx8 in BMSCs osteogenic differentiation. Lhx8 expression was significantly reduced in OP, whereas that of miR-142-5p, a possible Lhx8 regulator, was significantly upregulated. Dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-142-5p exerted a direct targeted regulatory effect on Lhx8. Moreover, miR-142-5p mimics significantly inhibited BMSCs osteogenic differentiation as well as Lhx8 expression in vitro, indicating that miR-142-5p may be involved in BMSCs osteogenic differentiation via Lhx8 expression regulation and may serve as a potential diagnostic target for OP. Overall, these findings indicated that miR-142-5p inhibits BMSCs osteogenic differentiation by suppressing Lhx8. These may serve as a foundation for further studies on OP treatment based on miR-142-5p targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Du
- Orthopaedics Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopaedics of Yunnan Provincial, Yunnan Provincial Center for Clinical Medicine in Spinal and Spinal Cord Disorders, Kunming, 650034, China
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Hui Zhong
- Orthopaedics Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopaedics of Yunnan Provincial, Yunnan Provincial Center for Clinical Medicine in Spinal and Spinal Cord Disorders, Kunming, 650034, China
| | - Chen Yu
- Orthopaedics Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopaedics of Yunnan Provincial, Yunnan Provincial Center for Clinical Medicine in Spinal and Spinal Cord Disorders, Kunming, 650034, China
| | - Yan Lv
- Orthopaedics Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopaedics of Yunnan Provincial, Yunnan Provincial Center for Clinical Medicine in Spinal and Spinal Cord Disorders, Kunming, 650034, China
- Faculty of Life science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yueyi Yao
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Chunrongxi Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Zhi Peng
- Orthopaedics Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopaedics of Yunnan Provincial, Yunnan Provincial Center for Clinical Medicine in Spinal and Spinal Cord Disorders, Kunming, 650034, China
| | - Sheng Lu
- Orthopaedics Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopaedics of Yunnan Provincial, Yunnan Provincial Center for Clinical Medicine in Spinal and Spinal Cord Disorders, Kunming, 650034, China
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Niu J, Feng F, Zhang S, Zhu Y, Song R, Li J, Zhao L, Wang H, Zhao Y, Zhang M. Thrombospondin-2 Couples Pressure-Promoted Chondrogenesis through NF-κB Signaling. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:753-766. [PMID: 37219820 PMCID: PMC10352201 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00548-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous studies found that the mechanical stimulation promote chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), along with up-regulation of thrombospondin-2 (TSP-2). The aim of this study was to explore the effect of thrombospondin-2 (TSP-2) on the mechanical pressure-stimulated chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs and the possible role of NF-κB signaling in the mechano-chemical coupling regulation toward chondrogenesis. METHODS Rat BMSCs were isolated, cultured and identified. The time-dependent expressions of TSP-2 and Sox9 in BMSCs under a dynamic mechanical pressure of 0-120 kPa at 0.1 Hz for 1 h were tested by qPCR and Western blotting. The role of TSP-2 in chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs under mechanical pressure was validated by using small interfering RNA. The impact of TSP-2 and mechanical pressure on chondrogenesis were detected and the downstream signaling molecules were explored using Western blotting. RESULTS Mechanical pressure stimulation of 0-120 kPa for 1 h significantly upregulated the expression of TSP-2 in BMSCs. The expression of the chondrogenesis markers Sox9, Aggrecan, and Col-II were all upregulated under dynamic mechanical pressure or TSP-2 stimulation. Additional exogenous TSP-2 may potentiate the chondrogenic effect of mechanical stimulation. After knock down TSP-2, the upregulation of Sox9, Aggrecan and Col-II under mechanical pressure was inhibited. The NF-κB signaling pathway responded to both dynamic pressure and TSP-2 stimulation, and the cartilage-promoting effect was blocked by an NF-κB signaling inhibitor. CONCLUSION TSP-2 plays an essential role in the chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs under mechanical pressure. NF-κB signaling is involved in the mechano-chemical coupling of TSP-2 and mechanical pressure for the chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
- The College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Songbai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Runfang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Junrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Northwest University, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China.
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Alizadeh Sardroud H, Chen X, Eames BF. Reinforcement of Hydrogels with a 3D-Printed Polycaprolactone (PCL) Structure Enhances Cell Numbers and Cartilage ECM Production under Compression. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:313. [PMID: 37367278 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14060313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels show promise in cartilage tissue engineering (CTE) by supporting chondrocytes and maintaining their phenotype and extracellular matrix (ECM) production. Under prolonged mechanical forces, however, hydrogels can be structurally unstable, leading to cell and ECM loss. Furthermore, long periods of mechanical loading might alter the production of cartilage ECM molecules, including glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and collagen type 2 (Col2), specifically with the negative effect of stimulating fibrocartilage, typified by collagen type 1 (Col1) secretion. Reinforcing hydrogels with 3D-printed Polycaprolactone (PCL) structures offer a solution to enhance the structural integrity and mechanical response of impregnated chondrocytes. This study aimed to assess the impact of compression duration and PCL reinforcement on the performance of chondrocytes impregnated with hydrogel. Results showed that shorter loading periods did not significantly affect cell numbers and ECM production in 3D-bioprinted hydrogels, but longer periods tended to reduce cell numbers and ECM compared to unloaded conditions. PCL reinforcement enhanced cell numbers under mechanical compression compared to unreinforced hydrogels. However, the reinforced constructs seemed to produce more fibrocartilage-like, Col1-positive ECM. These findings suggest that reinforced hydrogel constructs hold potential for in vivo cartilage regeneration and defect treatment by retaining higher cell numbers and ECM content. To further enhance hyaline cartilage ECM formation, future studies should focus on adjusting the mechanical properties of reinforced constructs and exploring mechanotransduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Alizadeh Sardroud
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - B Frank Eames
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
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Wang C, Wu J, Liu L, Xu D, Liu Y, Li S, Hou W, Wang J, Chen X, Sheng L, Lin H, Yu D. Improving osteoinduction and osteogenesis of Ti6Al4V alloy porous scaffold by regulating the pore structure. Front Chem 2023; 11:1190630. [PMID: 37265590 PMCID: PMC10229796 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1190630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium alloy scaffolds with a porous structure have attracted much attention in bone defect repair. However, which pore structure is more beneficial to bone defect repair is controversial. In the present research, the Ti6Al4V alloy porous scaffolds with gradient pore sizes were designed and fabricated. The microstructure characterization, tests of mechanical properties, and in vitro and in vivo experiments have been performed to systematically evaluate the effect of pore size on osteoinduction and osteogenesis. The results revealed that the contact angle with water, compressive strength, and elastic modulus of the Ti6Al4V alloy porous scaffolds decreased gradually with the increase of pore size. However, there were obvious drops when the pore size of the porous scaffold was around 600 μm. As the pore size increased, the proliferation and integrin β1 of RAW 264.7 macrophages seeded on Ti6Al4V alloy porous scaffolds increased at first, reaching a maximum value at a pore size of around 600 μm, and then decreased subsequently. The proliferation, integrin β1, and osteogenic gene-related expressions of Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) seeded on Ti6Al4V alloy porous scaffolds with different pore sizes all exhibited similar variations which rose with increased pore size firstly, obtaining the maximum value at pore size about 600 μm, and then declined. The in vivo experiments confirmed the in vitro results, and the Ti6Al4V alloy porous scaffold with a pore size of 600 μm possessed the better capability to induce new bone formation. Therefore, for the design of Ti6Al4V alloy with a regular porous scaffold, the surface morphology, porosity, strength, and elastic modulus should be considered systematically, which would determine the capability of osteoinduction and osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leyi Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duoling Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanbo Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shujun Li
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Wentao Hou
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Shenzhen Institute, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xun Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liyuan Sheng
- Shenzhen Institute, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huancai Lin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Adipose and Bone Marrow Derived-Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Express Similar Tenogenic Expression Levels when Subjected to Mechanical Uniaxial Stretching In Vitro. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:4907230. [PMID: 36756494 PMCID: PMC9902123 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4907230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine whether adipose derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AD-MSCs) or bone marrow derived-MSCs (BM-MSCs) would provide superior tenogenic expressions when subjected to cyclical tensile loading. The results for this would indicate the best choice of MSCs source to be used for cell-based tendon repair strategies. Both AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs were obtained from ten adult donors (N = 10) and cultured in vitro. At passaged-2, cells from both groups were subjected to cyclical stretching at 1 Hz and 8% of strain. Cellular morphology, orientation, proliferation rate, protein, and gene expression levels were compared at 0, 24, and 48 hours of stretching. In both groups, mechanical stretching results in similar morphological changes, and the redirection of cell alignment is perpendicular to the direction of stretching. Loading at 8% strain did not significantly increase proliferation rates but caused an increase in total collagen expression and tenogenic gene expression levels. In both groups, these levels demonstrated no significant differences suggesting that in a similar loading environment, both cell types possess similar tenogenic potential. In conclusion, AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs both demonstrate similar tenogenic phenotypic and gene expression levels when subjected to cyclic tensile loading at 1 Hz and 8% strain, thus, suggesting that the use of either cell source may be suitable for tendon repair.
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Uzieliene I, Bironaite D, Pachaleva J, Bagdonas E, Sobolev A, Tsai WB, Kvedaras G, Bernotiene E. Chondroitin Sulfate-Tyramine-Based Hydrogels for Cartilage Tissue Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3451. [PMID: 36834862 PMCID: PMC9961510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The degradation of cartilage, due to trauma, mechanical load or diseases, results in abundant loss of extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity and development of osteoarthritis (OA). Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a member of the highly sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and a primary component of cartilage tissue ECM. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of mechanical load on the chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MCSs) encapsulated into CS-tyramine-gelatin (CS-Tyr/Gel) hydrogel in order to evaluate the suitability of this composite for OA cartilage regeneration studies in vitro. The CS-Tyr/Gel/BM-MSCs composite showed excellent biointegration on cartilage explants. The applied mild mechanical load stimulated the chondrogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs in CS-Tyr/Gel hydrogel (immunohistochemical collagen II staining). However, the stronger mechanical load had a negative effect on the human OA cartilage explants evaluated by the higher release of ECM components, such as the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and GAGs, compared to the not-compressed explants. Finally, the application of the CS-Tyr/Gel/BM-MSCs composite on the top of the OA cartilage explants decreased the release of COMP and GAGs from the cartilage explants. Data suggest that the CS-Tyr/Gel/BM-MSCs composite can protect the OA cartilage explants from the damaging effects of external mechanical stimuli. Therefore, it can be used for investigation of OA cartilage regenerative potential and mechanisms under the mechanical load in vitro with further perspectives of therapeutic application in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Uzieliene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Daiva Bironaite
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jolita Pachaleva
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Edvardas Bagdonas
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arkadij Sobolev
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Wei-Bor Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | - Giedrius Kvedaras
- Clinic of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Eiva Bernotiene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
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9
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Uzieliene I, Bironaite D, Bagdonas E, Pachaleva J, Sobolev A, Tsai WB, Kvederas G, Bernotiene E. The Effects of Mechanical Load on Chondrogenic Responses of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Chondrocytes Encapsulated in Chondroitin Sulfate-Based Hydrogel. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032915. [PMID: 36769232 PMCID: PMC9918200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is vulnerable to mechanical overload and has limited ability to restore lesions, which leads to the development of chronic diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA). In this study, the chondrogenic responses of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and OA cartilage-derived chondrocytes in 3D chondroitin sulfate-tyramine/gelatin (CS-Tyr)/Gel) hydrogels with or without experimental mechanical load have been investigated. Chondrocytes were smaller in size, had slower proliferation rate and higher level of intracellular calcium (iCa2+) compared to BMMSCs. Under 3D chondrogenic conditions in CS-Tyr/Gel with or without TGF-β3, chondrocytes more intensively secreted cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and expressed collagen type II (COL2A1) and aggrecan (ACAN) genes but were more susceptible to mechanical load compared to BMMSCs. ICa2+ was more stably controlled in CS-Tyr/Gel/BMMSCs than in CS-Tyr/Gel/chondrocytes ones, through the expression of L-type channel subunit CaV1.2 (CACNA1C) and Serca2 pump (ATP2A2) genes, and their balance was kept more stable. Due to the lower susceptibility to mechanical load, BMMSCs in CS-Tyr/Gel hydrogel may have an advantage over chondrocytes in application for cartilage regeneration purposes. The mechanical overload related cartilage damage in vivo and the vague regenerative processes of OA chondrocytes might be associated to the inefficient control of iCa2+ regulating channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Uzieliene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Daiva Bironaite
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Edvardas Bagdonas
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jolita Pachaleva
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arkadij Sobolev
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Wei-Bor Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | - Giedrius Kvederas
- The Clinic of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Eiva Bernotiene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-6837-7130
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10
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Ding X, Gao J, Yu X, Shi J, Chen J, Yu L, Chen S, Ding J. 3D-Printed Porous Scaffolds of Hydrogels Modified with TGF-β1 Binding Peptides to Promote In Vivo Cartilage Regeneration and Animal Gait Restoration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:15982-15995. [PMID: 35363484 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of cartilage injury and osteoarthritis has been a classic problem for many years. The idea of in situ tissue regeneration paves a way for osteochondral repair in vivo. Herein, a hydrogel scaffold linked with bioactive peptides that can selectively adsorb transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) was hypothesized to not only afford cell ingrowth space but also induce the endogenous TGF-β1 recruitment for chondrogenesis promotion. In this study, bilayered porous scaffolds with gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels as a matrix were constructed via three-dimensional (3D) printing, of which the upper layer was covalently bound with bioactive peptides that can adsorb TGF-β1 for cartilage repair and the lower layer was blended with hydroxyapatite for subchondral regeneration. The scaffolds showed promising therapeutic efficacy proved by cartilage and osteogenic induction in vitro and osteochondral repair of rats in vivo. In particular, the animal gait behavior was recovered after the in situ tissue regeneration, and the corresponding gait analysis demonstrated the promotion of tissue regeneration induced by the porous hydrogels with the binding peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoquan Ding
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jingming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaoye Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiayue Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jiandong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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11
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Sun Y, Wan B, Wang R, Zhang B, Luo P, Wang D, Nie JJ, Chen D, Wu X. Mechanical Stimulation on Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Surrounding Microenvironments in Bone Regeneration: Regulations and Applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:808303. [PMID: 35127684 PMCID: PMC8815029 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.808303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of bone defects remains a challenge in the clinic. Artificial bone grafts are the most promising alternative to autologous bone grafting. However, one of the limiting factors of artificial bone grafts is the limited means of regulating stem cell differentiation during bone regeneration. As a weight-bearing organ, bone is in a continuous mechanical environment. External mechanical force, a type of biophysical stimulation, plays an essential role in bone regeneration. It is generally accepted that osteocytes are mechanosensitive cells in bone. However, recent studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can also respond to mechanical signals. This article reviews the mechanotransduction mechanisms of MSCs, the regulation of mechanical stimulation on microenvironments surrounding MSCs by modulating the immune response, angiogenesis and osteogenesis, and the application of mechanical stimulation of MSCs in bone regeneration. The review provides a deep and extensive understanding of mechanical stimulation mechanisms, and prospects feasible designs of biomaterials for bone regeneration and the potential clinical applications of mechanical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Sun
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ben Wan
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam Movement Science (AMS), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Renxian Wang
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Diaodiao Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Jun Nie
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jing-Jun Nie, ; Dafu Chen,
| | - Dafu Chen
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jing-Jun Nie, ; Dafu Chen,
| | - Xinbao Wu
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
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12
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Shestovskaya MV, Bozhkova SA, Sopova JV, Khotin MG, Bozhokin MS. Methods of Modification of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Conditions of Their Culturing for Hyaline Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111666. [PMID: 34829895 PMCID: PMC8615732 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for tissue engineering of hyaline cartilage is a topical area of regenerative medicine that has already entered clinical practice. The key stage of this procedure is to create conditions for chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs, increase the synthesis of hyaline cartilage extracellular matrix proteins by these cells and activate their proliferation. The first such works consisted in the indirect modification of cells, namely, in changing the conditions in which they are located, including microfracturing of the subchondral bone and the use of 3D biodegradable scaffolds. The most effective methods for modifying the cell culture of MSCs are protein and physical, which have already been partially introduced into clinical practice. Genetic methods for modifying MSCs, despite their effectiveness, have significant limitations. Techniques have not yet been developed that allow studying the effectiveness of their application even in limited groups of patients. The use of MSC modification methods allows precise regulation of cell culture proliferation, and in combination with the use of a 3D biodegradable scaffold, it allows obtaining a hyaline-like regenerate in the damaged area. This review is devoted to the consideration and comparison of various methods used to modify the cell culture of MSCs for their use in regenerative medicine of cartilage tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. Shestovskaya
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.V.S.); (J.V.S.); (M.G.K.)
| | - Svetlana A. Bozhkova
- Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Academica Baykova Str., 8, 195427 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Julia V. Sopova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.V.S.); (J.V.S.); (M.G.K.)
- Center of Transgenesis and Genome Editing, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaja Emb., 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail G. Khotin
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.V.S.); (J.V.S.); (M.G.K.)
| | - Mikhail S. Bozhokin
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.V.S.); (J.V.S.); (M.G.K.)
- Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Academica Baykova Str., 8, 195427 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Correspondence:
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13
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Tanideh N, Borzooeian G, Lotfi M, Sani M, Irajie C, Ghaemmaghami P, Koohi-Hosseinabadi O, Tanideh R, Hashempour Sadeghian M, Borzooeian Z, Iraji A. Novel strategy of cartilage repairing via application of P. atlantica with stem cells and collagen. Artif Organs 2021; 45:1405-1421. [PMID: 34152615 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory joint condition, still lacking effective treatments. Some factors consider as the main causes of OA, including biochemical, mechanical, and genetic factors. The growth of studies confirmed that modern medicine in combination with folk medicine regarding the arrival of reliable, efficient, and safe therapeutic products against OA. In the present study, the effects of various single and combinatorial treatments of knee articular cartilage, including stem cells, collagen, and P. atlantica hydroalcoholic leaves extract were investigated in a rat-induced OA model. On week 12 after OA confirmation, histopathology and radiography assessments were evaluated and the serum and synovial fluid levels of TAC, TNF-α, PEG2, MPO, MMP3, MMP13, and MDA were also measured. Combination therapy of OA-induced rats with hydroalcoholic extract of P. atlantic leaves, stem cells, and collagen considerably increased the efficacy of treatment as evidenced by increasing the TAC and lowering TNF-α, MPO, MMP3, and MMP13 compared to control group and even groups received single therapy. This is in agreement with a high amount of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacities of the hydroalcoholic extract of P. atlantic leaves. It is concluded that multifunctional agents targeting the pathophysiology of OA has exhibited significant therapeutic effects against OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Tanideh
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Giti Borzooeian
- Department of Biology, Payam Noor University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Lotfi
- Department of Radiology, Namazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Sani
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Medical Science and Technology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Cambyz Irajie
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parvin Ghaemmaghami
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omid Koohi-Hosseinabadi
- Central Research Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Romina Tanideh
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Borzooeian
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aida Iraji
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Central Research Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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14
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Uzieliene I, Bironaite D, Bernotas P, Sobolev A, Bernotiene E. Mechanotransducive Biomimetic Systems for Chondrogenic Differentiation In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9690. [PMID: 34575847 PMCID: PMC8469886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a long-term chronic joint disease characterized by the deterioration of bones and cartilage, which results in rubbing of bones which causes joint stiffness, pain, and restriction of movement. Tissue engineering strategies for repairing damaged and diseased cartilage tissue have been widely studied with various types of stem cells, chondrocytes, and extracellular matrices being on the lead of new discoveries. The application of natural or synthetic compound-based scaffolds for the improvement of chondrogenic differentiation efficiency and cartilage tissue engineering is of great interest in regenerative medicine. However, the properties of such constructs under conditions of mechanical load, which is one of the most important factors for the successful cartilage regeneration and functioning in vivo is poorly understood. In this review, we have primarily focused on natural compounds, particularly extracellular matrix macromolecule-based scaffolds and their combinations for the chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells and chondrocytes. We also discuss different mechanical forces and compression models that are used for In Vitro studies to improve chondrogenic differentiation. Summary of provided mechanical stimulation models In Vitro reviews the current state of the cartilage tissue regeneration technologies and to the potential for more efficient application of cell- and scaffold-based technologies for osteoarthritis or other cartilage disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Uzieliene
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Regenerative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (I.U.); (D.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Daiva Bironaite
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Regenerative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (I.U.); (D.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Paulius Bernotas
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Regenerative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (I.U.); (D.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Arkadij Sobolev
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Eiva Bernotiene
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Regenerative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (I.U.); (D.B.); (P.B.)
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15
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Recent Developed Strategies for Enhancing Chondrogenic Differentiation of MSC: Impact on MSC-Based Therapy for Cartilage Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:8830834. [PMID: 33824665 PMCID: PMC8007380 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8830834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is susceptible to damage, but its self-repair is hindered by its avascular nature. Traditional treatment methods are not able to achieve satisfactory repair effects, and the development of tissue engineering techniques has shed new light on cartilage regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the most commonly used seed cells in cartilage tissue engineering. However, MSCs tend to lose their multipotency, and the composition and structure of cartilage-like tissues formed by MSCs are far from those of native cartilage. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop strategies that promote MSC chondrogenic differentiation to give rise to durable and phenotypically correct regenerated cartilage. This review provides an overview of recent advances in enhancement strategies for MSC chondrogenic differentiation, including optimization of bioactive factors, culture conditions, cell type selection, coculture, gene editing, scaffolds, and physical stimulation. This review will aid the further understanding of the MSC chondrogenic differentiation process and enable improvement of MSC-based cartilage tissue engineering.
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16
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Walker M, Luo J, Pringle EW, Cantini M. ChondroGELesis: Hydrogels to harness the chondrogenic potential of stem cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 121:111822. [PMID: 33579465 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is a highly complex microenvironment, whose various components converge to regulate cell fate. Hydrogels, as water-swollen polymer networks composed by synthetic or natural materials, are ideal candidates to create biologically active substrates that mimic these matrices and target cell behaviour for a desired tissue engineering application. Indeed, the ability to tune their mechanical, structural, and biochemical properties provides a framework to recapitulate native tissues. This review explores how hydrogels have been engineered to harness the chondrogenic response of stem cells for the repair of damaged cartilage tissue. The signalling processes involved in hydrogel-driven chondrogenesis are also discussed, identifying critical pathways that should be taken into account during hydrogel design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Walker
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Jiajun Luo
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Eonan William Pringle
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Marco Cantini
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, UK.
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17
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Davis S, Roldo M, Blunn G, Tozzi G, Roncada T. Influence of the Mechanical Environment on the Regeneration of Osteochondral Defects. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:603408. [PMID: 33585430 PMCID: PMC7873466 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.603408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is a highly specialised connective tissue of diarthrodial joints which provides a smooth, lubricated surface for joint articulation and plays a crucial role in the transmission of loads. In vivo cartilage is subjected to mechanical stimuli that are essential for cartilage development and the maintenance of a chondrocytic phenotype. Cartilage damage caused by traumatic injuries, ageing, or degradative diseases leads to impaired loading resistance and progressive degeneration of both the articular cartilage and the underlying subchondral bone. Since the tissue has limited self-repairing capacity due its avascular nature, restoration of its mechanical properties is still a major challenge. Tissue engineering techniques have the potential to heal osteochondral defects using a combination of stem cells, growth factors, and biomaterials that could produce a biomechanically functional tissue, representative of native hyaline cartilage. However, current clinical approaches fail to repair full-thickness defects that include the underlying subchondral bone. Moreover, when tested in vivo, current tissue-engineered grafts show limited capacity to regenerate the damaged tissue due to poor integration with host cartilage and the failure to retain structural integrity after insertion, resulting in reduced mechanical function. The aim of this review is to examine the optimal characteristics of osteochondral scaffolds. Additionally, an overview on the latest biomaterials potentially able to replicate the natural mechanical environment of articular cartilage and their role in maintaining mechanical cues to drive chondrogenesis will be detailed, as well as the overall mechanical performance of grafts engineered using different technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Davis
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Roldo
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Blunn
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Gianluca Tozzi
- Zeiss Global Centre, School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Tosca Roncada
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
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18
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Sun AR, Udduttula A, Li J, Liu Y, Ren PG, Zhang P. Cartilage tissue engineering for obesity-induced osteoarthritis: Physiology, challenges, and future prospects. J Orthop Translat 2021; 26:3-15. [PMID: 33437618 PMCID: PMC7773977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial joint disease with pathological changes that affect whole joint tissue. Obesity is acknowledged as the most influential risk factor for both the initiation and progression of OA in weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing joints. Obesity-induced OA is a newly defined phenotypic group in which chronic low-grade inflammation has a central role. Aside from persistent chronic inflammation, abnormal mechanical loading due to increased body weight on weight-bearing joints is accountable for the initiation and progression of obesity-induced OA. The current therapeutic approaches for OA are still evolving. Tissue-engineering-based strategy for cartilage regeneration is one of the most promising treatment breakthroughs in recent years. However, patients with obesity-induced OA are often excluded from cartilage repair attempts due to the abnormal mechanical demands, altered biomechanical and biochemical activities of cells, persistent chronic inflammation, and other obesity-associated factors. With the alarming increase in the number of obese populations globally, the need for an innovative therapeutic approach that could effectively repair and restore the damaged synovial joints is of significant importance for this sub-population of patients. In this review, we discuss the involvement of the systemic and localized inflammatory response in obesity-induced OA and the impact of altered mechanical loading on pathological changes in the synovial joint. Moreover, we examine the current strategies in cartilage tissue engineering and address the critical challenges of cell-based therapies for OA. Besides, we provide examples of innovative ways and potential strategies to overcome the obstacles in the treatment of obesity-induced OA. THE TRANSLATIONAL POTENTIAL OF THIS ARTICLE Altogether, this review delivers insight into obesity-induced OA and offers future research direction on the creation of tissue engineering-based therapies for obesity-induced OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia RuJia Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Anjaneyulu Udduttula
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Jian Li
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Yanzhi Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China
| | - Pei-Gen Ren
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Medical Bioactive Materials, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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Chen M, Liu Q, Xu Y, Wang Y, Han X, Wang Z, Liang J, Sun Y, Fan Y, Zhang X. The effect of LyPRP/collagen composite hydrogel on osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs. Regen Biomater 2020; 8:rbaa053. [PMID: 33732498 PMCID: PMC7947583 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although platelet-rich plasma (PRP) plays a significant role in the orthopedic clinical application, it still faces two major problems, namely, uncontrollable factors release, frequent preparation and extraction processes as well as the inconvenient form of usage. To overcome these shortcomings, freeze-dried PRP (LyPRP) was encapsulated into bioactive Col I hydrogel to induce osteogenic differentiation of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs). And PRP/Col І composite hydrogel was prepared as a control. Compared with Col І hydrogel, the introduction of platelets significantly improved the mechanical properties of hydrogels. Meanwhile, platelets were evenly distributed in the composite hydrogels network. The sustainable release of related factors in the composite hydrogels could last for more than 14 days to maintain its long-term biological activity. Further cell experiments confirmed that PRP and LyPRP could effectively alleviate the contraction of collagen hydrogel in vitro, and promote the adhesion, proliferation and osteogenesis differentiation of rBMSCs. The results of osteogenic gene expression indicated that the 10% LyPRP/Col І composite hydrogel could facilitate the early expression of BMP-2 and late osteogenic associated protein formation with higher expression of alkaline phosphatase and Osteocalcin (OCN). These results might provide new insights for the clinical application of 10% LyPRP/Col І composite hydrogel as practical bone repair injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyu Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Quanying Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowen Han
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P. R. China
| | - Jie Liang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China.,Sichuan Testing Center for Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yong Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yujiang Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
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20
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Cartilage repair using stem cells & biomaterials: advancement from bench to bedside. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8007-8021. [PMID: 32888123 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05748-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) involves gradual destruction of articular cartilagemanifested by pain, stiffness of joints, and impaired movement especially in knees and hips. Non-vascularity of this tissue hinders its self-regenerative capacity and thus, the application of reparative or restorative modalities becomes imperative in OA treatment. In recent years, stem cell-based therapies have been explored as potential modalities for addressing OA complications. While mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold immense promise, the recapitulation of native articular cartilage usingMSCs remains elusive. In this review, we have highlighted the chondrogenic potential of MSCs, factors guiding in vitro chondrogenic differentiation, biomaterials available for cartilage repair, their current market status, and the outcomes of major clinical trials. Our search on ClinicalTrials.gov using terms "stem cell" and "osteoarthritis" yielded 83 results. An analysis of the 29 trials that have been completed revealed differences in source of MSCs (bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord etc.), cell type (autologous or allogenic), and dose administered. Moreover, only 02 out of 29 studies have reported the use of matrix for cartilage repair. From future perspective, aconsensus on choice of cells, differentiation inducers, biomaterials, and clinical settings might pave a way for concocting robust strategies to improve the clinical applicability of biomimetic neocartilage constructs.
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Şeker Ş, Elçin AE, Elçin YM. Macroporous elastic cryogels based on platelet lysate and oxidized dextran as tissue engineering scaffold: In vitro and in vivo evaluations. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 110:110703. [PMID: 32204017 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, three-dimensional macroporous cryogels were developed from platelet lysate (PL) and different concentrations of oxidized dextran (OD; 0.5, 1, 2, 4%). Subsequently, PL/OD scaffolds were characterized for potential use in tissue engineering applications. The pore size and morphology of the resulting cryogels were visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The pore size distributions were determined using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). In vitro hydrolytic degradation, water uptake, mechanical properties and hemocompatibility were investigated. Extraction test was carried out to evaluate potential in vitro toxic effects of the PL/OD. The in vitro adhesion, proliferation, chondrogenic differentiation, and extracellular matrix production of human adipose stem cells (hASCs) on PL/OD cryogels were evaluated. In vivo biodegradation of the cryogels was investigated at the subcutaneous dorsal site of rats. SEM and MIP results indicated that PL/OD had a macroporous pore structure with pore sizes ranging between 10 and 200 μm. The cryogels completely degraded within 90-240 days post-implantation, depending on OD concentration. Histochemical analysis revealed high levels of cell and tissue infiltration into the pores of PL/OD. In vitro cytotoxicity findings indicated that the extracts of PL/OD0.5, PL/OD1 and PL/OD2 showed no cytotoxic effect, whereas that of PL/OD4 exhibited a moderate cytotoxic effect on cell cultures. hASCs seeded on PL/OD2 retained their viability and showed extensive spreading and filopodia formation after 7 days. PL/OD2 also supported the chondrogenesis of hASCs in the presence of chondro-inductive factors. Given all the results, PL/OD could have potential as a scaffold for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şükran Şeker
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, Ankara University Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Eser Elçin
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, Ankara University Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yaşar Murat Elçin
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, Ankara University Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey; Biovalda Health Technologies, Inc., Ankara, Turkey.
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Zhan X. Effect of matrix stiffness and adhesion ligand density on chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 108:675-683. [PMID: 31747107 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion ligands and mechanical properties of extracellular matrix (ECM) play significant roles in directing mesenchymal stem cells' (MSCs) behaviors, but how they affect chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs has rarely been studied. In this study, we investigated the effects of matrix stiffness and adhesion ligand density on proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs by using UV crosslinked hydrogels comprised of methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) of different weight ratios. The PEGDA/GelMA hydrogels were fabricated by adjusting the weight ratio of PEGDA and GelMA with low or high adhesion ligand density (0.05 and 0.5% GelMA, respectively) and independent tunable stiffness (1.6, 6, and 25 kPa separately for hydrogels with 5, 10, and 15% PEGDA). MSCs presented differential behaviors to ECM by adjusting its adhesion ligand density and stiffness. Cell proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation could be enhanced with the improvement of adhesive properties and stiffness, evidenced by cell viability assay, hematoxylin-eosin staining, Safranin O staining, immunohistochemistry (Collagen types II, Col2a1), as well as the chondrogenic genes expression of Col2a1, Acan, and Sox9. This study may provide new strategies to design the scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintang Zhan
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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