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Akbarian M, Kianpour M, Tayebi L. Fabricating Multiphasic Angiogenic Scaffolds Using Amyloid/Roxadustat-Assisted High-Temperature Protein Printing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:36983-37006. [PMID: 38953207 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Repairing multiphasic defects is cumbersome. This study presents new soft and hard scaffold designs aimed at facilitating the regeneration of multiphasic defects by enhancing angiogenesis and improving cell attachment. Here, the nonimmunogenic, nontoxic, and cost-effective human serum albumin (HSA) fibril (HSA-F) was used to fabricate thermostable (up to 90 °C) and hard printable polymers. Additionally, using a 10.0 mg/mL HSA-F, an innovative hydrogel was synthesized in a mixture with 2.0% chitosan-conjugated arginine, which can gel in a cell-friendly and pH physiological environment (pH 7.4). The presence of HSA-F in both hard and soft scaffolds led to an increase in significant attachment of the scaffolds to the human periodontal ligament fibroblast (PDLF), human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC), and human osteoblast. Further studies showed that migration (up to 157%), proliferation (up to 400%), and metabolism (up to 210%) of these cells have also improved in the direction of tissue repair. By examining different in vitro and ex ovo experiments, we observed that the final multiphasic scaffold can increase blood vessel density in the process of per-vascularization as well as angiogenesis. By providing a coculture environment including PDLF and HUVEC, important cross-talk between these two cells prevails in the presence of roxadustat drug, a proangiogenic in this study. In vitro and ex ovo results demonstrated significant enhancements in the angiogenic response and cell attachment, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed design. This approach holds promise for the regeneration of complex tissue defects by providing a conducive environment for vascularization and cellular integration, thus promoting tissue healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Akbarian
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
| | - Maryam Kianpour
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
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Sulatsky MI, Stepanenko OV, Stepanenko OV, Povarova OI, Kuznetsova IM, Turoverov KK, Sulatskaya AI. Broken but not beaten: Challenge of reducing the amyloids pathogenicity by degradation. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00161-9. [PMID: 38642804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accumulation of ordered protein aggregates, amyloid fibrils, accompanies various neurodegenerative diseases (such as Parkinson's, Huntington's, Alzheimer's, etc.) and causes a wide range of systemic and local amyloidoses (such as insulin, hemodialysis amyloidosis, etc.). Such pathologies are usually diagnosed when the disease is already irreversible and a large amount of amyloid plaques have accumulated. In recent years, new drugs aimed at reducing amyloid levels have been actively developed. However, although clinical trials have demonstrated a reduction in amyloid plaque size with these drugs, their effect on disease progression has been controversial and associated with significant side effects, the reasons of which are not fully understood. AIM OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize extensive array of data on the effect of exogenous and endogenous factors (physico-mechanical effects, chemical effects of low molecular weight compounds, macromolecules and their complexes) on the structure and pathogenicity of mature amyloids for proposing future directions of the development of effective and safe anti-amyloid therapeutics. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Our analysis show that destruction of amyloids is in most cases incomplete and degradation products often retain the properties of amyloids (including high and sometimes higher than fibrils, cytotoxicity), accelerate amyloidogenesis and promote the propagation of amyloids between cells. Probably, the appearance of protein aggregates, polymorphic in structure and properties (such as amorphous aggregates, fibril fragments, amyloid oligomers, etc.), formed because of uncontrolled degradation of amyloids, may be one of the reasons for the ambiguous effectiveness and serious side effects of the anti-amyloid drugs. This means that all medications that are supposed to be used both for degradation and slow down the fibrillogenesis must first be tested on mature fibrils: the mechanism of drug action and cytotoxic, seeding, and infectious activity of the degradation products must be analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim I Sulatsky
- Laboratory of Cell Morphology, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga V Stepanenko
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olesya V Stepanenko
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga I Povarova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina M Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Konstantin K Turoverov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna I Sulatskaya
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia.
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Abbaspour S, Alijanvand SH, Morshedi D, Shojaosadati SA. Inhibitory effect of plain and functionalized graphene nanoplateles on hen egg white lysozyme fibrillation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 230:113487. [PMID: 37542838 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein fibrillation is a phenomenon associated with misfolding and the production of highly ordered nanofibrils, which may cause serious degenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and type 2 diabetes. Upon contact with biological fluids, the nanomaterials are immediately covered by proteins and interact with them. In this study, the effects of Graphene NanoPlateles (Plain-GNPs) and their modified forms with a carboxyl group (GNPs -COOH) and an amine group (GNPs -NH2) are evaluated on the fibrillation process of Hen Egg White Lysozyme (HEWL). The fibrillation process of HEWL was studied using thioflavin-T, Circular Dichroism spectrometry, and Atomic Force Microscopy. Plain-GNPs significantly decreased the fibrillation process at different stages, including nucleation, exponential fibrillation phases, and end-mature fibril products. However, GNPs-COOH and GNPs-NH2 affected the final fluorescence of ThT. The species formed in the presence of Plain-GNPs showed less toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells, which could be applicable for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Abbaspour
- Biotechnology Group Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-111, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 14965-161, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Saeid Hadi Alijanvand
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 14965-161, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Dina Morshedi
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 14965-161, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Seyed Abbas Shojaosadati
- Biotechnology Group Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-111, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Sulatsky MI, Stepanenko OV, Stepanenko OV, Mikhailova EV, Kuznetsova IM, Turoverov KK, Sulatskaya AI. Amyloid fibrils degradation: the pathway to recovery or aggravation of the disease? Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1208059. [PMID: 37377863 PMCID: PMC10291066 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1208059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The most obvious manifestation of amyloidoses is the accumulation of amyloid fibrils as plaques in tissues and organs, which always leads to a noticeable deterioration in the patients' condition and is the main marker of the disease. For this reason, early diagnosis of amyloidosis is difficult, and inhibition of fibrillogenesis, when mature amyloids are already accumulated in large quantities, is ineffective. A new direction for amyloidosis treatment is the development of approaches aimed at the degradation of mature amyloid fibrils. In the present work, we investigated possible consequences of amyloid's degradation. Methods: We analyzed the size and morphology of amyloid degradation products by transmission and confocal laser scanning microscopy, their secondary structure and spectral properties of aromatic amino acids, intrinsic chromophore sfGFP, and fibril-bound amyloid-specific probe thioflavin T (ThT) by the absorption, fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy, as well as the cytotoxicity of the formed protein aggregates by MTT-test and their resistance to ionic detergents and boiling by SDS-PAGE. Results: On the example of sfGFP fibrils (model fibrils, structural rearrangements of which can be detected by a specific change in the spectral properties of their chromophore), and pathological Aβ-peptide (Aβ42) fibrils, leading to neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease, the possible mechanisms of amyloids degradation after exposure to factors of different nature (proteins with chaperone and protease activity, denaturant, and ultrasound) was demonstrated. Our study shows that, regardless of the method of fibril degradation, the resulting species retain some amyloid's properties, including cytotoxicity, which may even be higher than that of intact amyloids. Conclusion: The results of our work indicate that the degradation of amyloid fibrils in vivo should be treated with caution since such an approach can lead not to recovery, but to aggravation of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim I. Sulatsky
- Laboratory of cell morphology, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga V. Stepanenko
- Laboratory of structural dynamics, stability and folding of proteins, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olesya V. Stepanenko
- Laboratory of structural dynamics, stability and folding of proteins, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V. Mikhailova
- Laboratory of structural dynamics, stability and folding of proteins, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina M. Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of structural dynamics, stability and folding of proteins, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Konstantin K. Turoverov
- Laboratory of structural dynamics, stability and folding of proteins, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna I. Sulatskaya
- Laboratory of structural dynamics, stability and folding of proteins, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Kumar V, Sinha N, Thakur AK. Necessity of regulatory guidelines for the development of amyloid based biomaterials. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:4410-4422. [PMID: 34018497 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00059d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid diseases are caused due to protein homeostasis failure where incorrectly folded proteins/peptides form cross-β-sheet rich amyloid fibrillar structures. Besides proteins/peptides, small metabolite assemblies also exhibit amyloid-like features. These structures are linked to several human and animal diseases. In addition, non-toxic amyloids with diverse physiological roles are characterized as a new functional class. This finding, along with the unique properties of amyloid like stability and mechanical strength, led to a surge in the development of amyloid-based biomaterials. However, the usage of these materials by humans and animals may pose a health risk such as the development of amyloid diseases and toxicity. This is possible because amyloid-based biomaterials and their fragments may assist seeding and cross-seeding mechanisms of amyloid formation in the body. This review summarizes the potential uses of amyloids as biomaterials, the concerns regarding their usage, and a prescribed workflow to initiate a regulatory approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Nabodita Sinha
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, UP-208016, India.
| | - Ashwani Kumar Thakur
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, UP-208016, India.
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Saumya KU, Gadhave K, Kumar A, Giri R. Zika virus capsid anchor forms cytotoxic amyloid-like fibrils. Virology 2021; 560:8-16. [PMID: 34020329 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Capsid-anchor (CA) of Zika virus (ZIKV) is a small, single-pass transmembrane sequence that separates the capsid (C) protein from downstream pre-membrane (PrM) protein. During polyprotein processing, CA is cleaved-off from C and PrM and left as a membrane-embedded peptide. CA plays an essential role in the assembly and maturation of the virus. However, its independent folding behavior is still unknown. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the amyloid-forming propensity of CA at physiological conditions. We observed the aggregation behavior of CA peptide using dye-binding assays and ThT kinetics. The morphological analysis of CA aggregates explored by high-resolution microscopy (TEM, AFM) and Far-UV CD spectroscopy revealed characteristic amyloid-like fibrils rich in β-sheet secondary structure. Further, the effect on mammalian cells exhibited the cytotoxic nature of the CA amyloid-fibrils. Our findings collectively shed light on the amyloidogenic phenomenon of flaviviral protein, which may contribute to their infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Udit Saumya
- Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, School of Basic Sciences, VPO Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Kundlik Gadhave
- Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, School of Basic Sciences, VPO Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, School of Basic Sciences, VPO Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Rajanish Giri
- Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, School of Basic Sciences, VPO Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India.
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Zhang L, Wang Z, Yuan X, Sui R, Falahati M. Evaluation of heptelidic acid as a potential inhibitor for tau aggregation-induced Alzheimer's disease and associated neurotoxicity. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:1155-1161. [PMID: 33971235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Tau is a major component of protein plaques in tauopathies, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). The purpose of the present study is to explore the inhibitory effects of heptelidic acid as a bioactive compound from fungus T. koningii on tau fibrillization and associated neurotoxicity. The influences of various concentrations of heptelidic acid on tau fibrillization and underlying neurotoxicity were explored by assessment of the biophysical (ThT/Nile red fluorescence, CR absorbance, CD, and TEM) and cellular (MTT, LDH, and caspase-3) assays. It was shown that heptelidic acid inhibited tau fibrillization in a concentration-dependent manner. On the other hand, cellular assays indicated that the viability, LDH release, and caspase-3 activity were regulated when neurons were exposed to tau samples co-incubated with heptelidic acid. In conclusion, it may be indicated that heptelidic acid inhibited tau fibrillization which was accompanied by formation of amorphous aggregated species of tau with much less neurotoxicity than tau amyloid alone. Thus, heptelidic acid can be considered as a potential candidate in preventive care studies to inhibit the formation of tau plaques as neurotoxic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121099, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121099, China
| | - Xueling Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121099, China
| | - Rubo Sui
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121099, China.
| | - Mojtaba Falahati
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Stepanenko OV, Sulatsky MI, Mikhailova EV, Stepanenko OV, Povarova OI, Kuznetsova IM, Turoverov KK, Sulatskaya AI. Alpha-B-Crystallin Effect on Mature Amyloid Fibrils: Different Degradation Mechanisms and Changes in Cytotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207659. [PMID: 33081200 PMCID: PMC7589196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the ability of molecular chaperones and chaperone-like proteins to inhibit the formation of pathological amyloid fibrils, the chaperone-based therapy of amyloidosis has recently been proposed. However, since these diseases are often diagnosed at the stages when a large amount of amyloids is already accumulated in the patient’s body, in this work we pay attention to the undeservedly poorly studied problem of chaperone and chaperone-like proteins’ effect on mature amyloid fibrils. We showed that a heat shock protein alpha-B-crystallin, which is capable of inhibiting fibrillogenesis and is found in large quantities as a part of amyloid plaques, can induce degradation of mature amyloids by two different mechanisms. Under physiological conditions, alpha-B-crystallin induces fluffing and unweaving of amyloid fibrils, which leads to a partial decrease in their structural ordering without lowering their stability and can increase their cytotoxicity. We found a higher correlation between the rate and effectiveness of amyloids degradation with the size of fibrils clusters rather than with amino acid sequence of amyloidogenic protein. Some external effects (such as an increase in medium acidity) can lead to a change in the mechanism of fibrils degradation induced by alpha-B-crystallin: amyloid fibers are fragmented without changing their secondary structure and properties. According to recent data, fibrils cutting can lead to the generation of seeds for new bona fide amyloid fibrils and accelerate the accumulation of amyloids, as well as enhance the ability of fibrils to disrupt membranes and to reduce cell viability. Our results emphasize the need to test the chaperone effect not only on fibrillogenesis, but also on the mature amyloid fibrils, including stress conditions, in order to avoid undesirable disease progression during chaperone-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Stepanenko
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.V.S.); (E.V.M.); (O.V.S.); (O.I.P.); (I.M.K.); (A.I.S.)
| | - M. I. Sulatsky
- Laboratory of Cell Morphology, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - E. V. Mikhailova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.V.S.); (E.V.M.); (O.V.S.); (O.I.P.); (I.M.K.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Olesya V. Stepanenko
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.V.S.); (E.V.M.); (O.V.S.); (O.I.P.); (I.M.K.); (A.I.S.)
| | - O. I. Povarova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.V.S.); (E.V.M.); (O.V.S.); (O.I.P.); (I.M.K.); (A.I.S.)
| | - I. M. Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.V.S.); (E.V.M.); (O.V.S.); (O.I.P.); (I.M.K.); (A.I.S.)
| | - K. K. Turoverov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.V.S.); (E.V.M.); (O.V.S.); (O.I.P.); (I.M.K.); (A.I.S.)
- Peter the Great St.-Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-812-297-19-57
| | - A. I. Sulatskaya
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.V.S.); (E.V.M.); (O.V.S.); (O.I.P.); (I.M.K.); (A.I.S.)
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Vadukul DM, Maina M, Franklin H, Nardecchia A, Serpell LC, Marshall KE. Internalisation and toxicity of amyloid-β 1-42 are influenced by its conformation and assembly state rather than size. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3490-3503. [PMID: 32871611 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils found in plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains are composed of amyloid-β peptides. Oligomeric amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ42) is thought to play a critical role in neurodegeneration in AD. Here, we determine how size and conformation affect neurotoxicity and internalisation of Aβ42 assemblies using biophysical methods, immunoblotting, toxicity assays and live-cell imaging. We report significant cytotoxicity of Aβ42 oligomers and their internalisation into neurons. In contrast, Aβ42 fibrils show reduced internalisation and no toxicity. Sonicating Aβ42 fibrils generates species similar in size to oligomers but remains nontoxic. The results suggest that Aβ42 oligomers have unique properties that underlie their neurotoxic potential. Furthermore, we show that incubating cells with Aβ42 oligomers for 24 h is sufficient to trigger irreversible neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devkee M Vadukul
- Dementia Research group, Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, E Sussex, UK.,CEMO-Alzheimer Dementia group, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mahmoud Maina
- Dementia Research group, Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, E Sussex, UK.,College of Medical Sciences, Yobe State University, Nigeria
| | - Hannah Franklin
- Dementia Research group, Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, E Sussex, UK
| | - Astrid Nardecchia
- Dementia Research group, Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, E Sussex, UK
| | - Louise C Serpell
- Dementia Research group, Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, E Sussex, UK
| | - Karen E Marshall
- Dementia Research group, Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, E Sussex, UK
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