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Taman M, Nm EH, Yousef H, Mosa DM. Ovarian dysfunction in adolescent girls with autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2023; 21:138. [PMID: 37964263 PMCID: PMC10648720 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-023-00923-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the different menstrual and pubertal abnormalities in adolescent females with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD). METHODS The study included adolescent girls aged 13-18 years with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE), and juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) classified according to their international classification criteria. Data were collected from our patients' files and interpreted with respect to the demographic, clinical, disease assessment parameters, medications used, and the hormonal profile. The aspects of puberty and menstruation were assessed by a gynaecologist with ultrasound evaluation as well. The girls were classified according to their menstrual pattern into those with regular cycles versus abnormal ones. The subgroups were compared and significant variables entered into a logistic regression model to detect the independent predictors. RESULTS Twenty-one girls with JSLE were included, besides 23 JIA and 8 JDM cases. Ten patients with JSLE (47.6%) had menstrual abnormalities, whereas only four JIA (17.4%) and 1 JDM girls had these alterations without significant difference between the three groups. The median of the SLICC/ACR damage index was statistically higher in JSLE with abnormal menstrual cycles, similarly were the cumulative steroid dose and puberty onset. No difference was observed between JIA or JDM subgroups concerning the disease parameters, hormonal profile, ultrasound assessment or the treatment lines. The most significant predictor for menstrual abnormalities in JSLE was the SLICC/ACR damage index. CONCLUSION Menstrual abnormalities is a common disturbance among adolescent girls with ARDs. The SLICC/ACR damage index is the main determinant for menstrual abnormalities rather than the cumulative steroid use or disease duration in JSLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Taman
- Assistant professor of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - El-Hadidy Nm
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hamed Yousef
- Professor of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Doaa Mosad Mosa
- Lecturer of Physical medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt.
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Morales-Martínez FA, Salas-Castro C, García-Garza MR, Valdés-Martínez O, García-Luna SM, Garza-Elizondo M, Vidal-Gutiérrez O, Saldívar-Rodríguez D, Sordia-Hernández LH. Evaluation of the Ovarian Reserve in Women With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Family Reprod Health 2021; 15:38-44. [PMID: 34429735 PMCID: PMC8346742 DOI: 10.18502/jfrh.v15i1.6076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multisystem autoimmune disorder where the disease activity itself and the medications used for its treatment, may have adverse effects on ovarian function. This study aimed to assess the ovarian reserve (OR) in SLE patients. Materials and methods: The anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) and the antral follicle count (AFC), two markers to evaluate the OR was assessed in 64 SLE patients and compared to normal individuals. Additionally, we assessed whether the disease per se or the pharmacological treatments affect the OR. Results: Patients with SLE displayed alterations in the OR regardless of the presence of alterations of the menstrual cycle. The AFC and AMH were significantly lower in SLE patients with and without menstrual alterations when compared to control individuals (p<0.0001). However, the AFC and AMH levels were significantly correlated (p=0.006) in the SLE patients with menstrual alterations. Except for hydroxychloroquine that was statistically higher in SLE patients with menstrual alterations (p=0.04), the cumulative dose for cyclophosphamide, corticosteroid, and methotrexate was similar in SLE patients regardless of the occurrence of menstrual alterations. Conclusion: The monitoring of AMH and AFC in SLE patients should be used to detect the rapid and irreversible decline of the OR to provide a possibility of pregnancy to the SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Arturo Morales-Martínez
- University Center of Reproductive Medicine, Dr. José Eleuterio González Hospital, Free University of New León, Monterrey, Mexic
| | - Celina Salas-Castro
- University Center of Reproductive Medicine, Dr. José Eleuterio González Hospital, Free University of New León, Monterrey, Mexic
| | - Manuel Rolando García-Garza
- University Center of Reproductive Medicine, Dr. José Eleuterio González Hospital, Free University of New León, Monterrey, Mexic
| | - Otto Valdés-Martínez
- University Center of Reproductive Medicine, Dr. José Eleuterio González Hospital, Free University of New León, Monterrey, Mexic
| | - Selene Marysol García-Luna
- University Center of Reproductive Medicine, Dr. José Eleuterio González Hospital, Free University of New León, Monterrey, Mexic
| | - Mario Garza-Elizondo
- Reumatology ward, Dr. José Eleuterio González Hospital, Free University of New León, Monterrey, Mexic
| | - Oscar Vidal-Gutiérrez
- Departament of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Dr. José Eleuterio González Hospital, Free University of New León, Monterrey, Mexic
| | - Donato Saldívar-Rodríguez
- Departament of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Dr. José Eleuterio González Hospital, Free University of New León, Monterrey, Mexic
| | - Luis Humberto Sordia-Hernández
- University Center of Reproductive Medicine, Dr. José Eleuterio González Hospital, Free University of New León, Monterrey, Mexic
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Luong SN, Isaacs A, Liu Z, Sin FE, Giles I. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the gonadotoxic effects of cyclophosphamide and benefits of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) in women of child-bearing age with autoimmune rheumatic disease. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2020; 16:321-333. [PMID: 32005081 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2020.1724091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To systematically review risk of sustained amenorrhea with intravenous (IV) cyclophosphamide in autoimmune rheumatic disease (ARD), and evaluate efficacy of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) to reduce this risk.Methods: Systematic search for papers reporting incidence of sustained amenorrhea ≥12 months in ARD following: IV cyclophosphamide; or GnRHa and IV cyclophosphamide compared to IV cyclophosphamide alone.Results: From 31 articles and 1388 patients (mean age 27.7 years) sustained amenorrhea occurred in 273 patients (19.7%). Of 56 patients (mean age range 23.9-25.6 years) receiving GnRHa and IV cyclophosphamide, and 37 controls (mean age range 25-30.1 years) given IV cyclophosphamide only, sustained amenorrhea occurred in 2/56 (3.6%) patients treated with GnRHa, compared to 15/37 (40.5%) controls. Pooled odds ratio of sustained amenorrhea with GnRHa and cyclophosphamide versus cyclophosphamide alone was 0.054 (95% CI 0.0115-0.2576 p < 0.001), corresponding to a number needed to treat of 2.7 (95% CI 1.955-4.388) and absolute risk reduction of 36.95% (95% CI 35.6-38.4%).Conclusion: Sustained amenorrhea with IV cyclophosphamide was observed in patients with ARD, especially with increasing age and cumulative doses >5 g. GnRHa reduced this risk and should be considered with IV cyclophosphamide in women of childbearing age with ARD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Nan Luong
- Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital, London, UK.,Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, Rayne Institute, University College London, London, UK.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anthony Isaacs
- Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Zhixin Liu
- Stats Central, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fang E Sin
- Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ian Giles
- Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital, London, UK.,Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, Rayne Institute, University College London, London, UK
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Tincani A, Bompane D, Danieli E, Doria A. Pregnancy, lupus and antiphospholipid syndrome (Hughes syndrome). Lupus 2016; 15:156-60. [PMID: 16634369 DOI: 10.1191/0961203306lu2279rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (AD) occur frequently in women during their childbearing years and may influence pregnancy outcome and neonatal health. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can experience a disease flare-up during pregnancy with potential negative effects on the product of conceptus, especially if the disease is active. Recurrent pregnancy loss is now considered as a treatable clinical condition associated with the presence of circulating antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). The neonatal lupus syndromes (NLS), caused by the transplacental passage of maternal IgG anti-Ro/SS-A and anti-La/SS-B antibodies to the fetus, carry significant morbidity and mortality in case of cardiac manifestations. Immunosuppressive agents are often administered during pregnancy in order to control maternal disease and to ensure a better pregnancy outcome. Nowadays, owing to our increasing knowledge of the disease pathophysiological mechanisms and the development of combined medical-obstetric clinics, pregnancy outcome in patients with AD has notably improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tincani
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Brescia Hospital and University, Italy.
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5
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Silva CAA, Hilário MO, Febrônio MV, Oliveira SK, Terreri MT, Sacchetti SB, Sztajnbok FR, Marini R, Quintero MV, Bica BE, Pereira RM, Bonfá E, Ferriani VP, Robazzi TC, Magalhães CS. Risk factors for amenorrhea in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE): a Brazilian multicentre cohort study. Lupus 2016; 16:531-6. [PMID: 17670855 DOI: 10.1177/0961203307079300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the prevalence and clinical associations of amenorrhea in 298 female juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) patients (ACR criteria) followed in 12 Brazilian Paediatric Rheumatology centres. Amenorrhea was observed in 35 patients (11.7%) with a mean duration of 7.2 ± 3.6 months. The hormones were performed in 32/35 patients and none of them had FSH and LH levels above and estradiol below the normal range according to pubertal changes. JSLE patients with amenorrhea were younger (15.04 ± 2.5 versus 17.8 ± 3.1 years; P = 0.001), and had a shorter period of time between menarche and current age (3.4 ± 2.9 versus 6.7 ± 5.4 years; P = 0.001). Interestingly, the frequency, cumulative dose, number of pulses and duration of intravenous cyclophosphamide treatment were alike in patients with and without amenorrhea ( P > 0.05). In contrast, patients with amenorrhea had significantly higher SLEDAI ( P = 0.01) and SLICC/ACR-DI ( P = 0.024) scores compared to those without this condition. Independent risk factors identified by multivariate analysis were higher SLEDAI (OR = 1.059; CI = 1.004—1.116; P = 0.034) and SLICC/ACR-DI (OR = 2.125; IC = 1.373—3.291; P = 0.001) scores. Our data suggest that in spite of immunosuppressive therapy, JSLE patients have an adequate ovarian follicular reserve and amenorrhea is particularly associated with disease activity and damage. Lupus (2007) 16, 531—536.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A A Silva
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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6
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Alarfaj AS, Khalil N. Fertility, ovarian failure, and pregnancy outcome in SLE patients treated with intravenous cyclophosphamide in Saudi Arabia. Clin Rheumatol 2014; 33:1731-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-014-2686-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Ma W, Zhan Z, Liang X, Chen J, Huang X, Liao C. Subclinical impairment of ovarian reserve in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with normal menstruation not using alkylating therapy. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2014; 22:1023-7. [PMID: 24283710 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2013.4255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disease activity is a major factor in menstrual disorders in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients not receiving alkylating therapy. However, the ovarian reserve of SLE women with normal menstruation is still unclear. METHODS Twenty-three SLE patients naïve to cytotoxic agents (SLE group) and nineteen SLE patients receiving current or previous cyclophosphamide (CTX) therapy (without other cytotoxic agents; SLE-CTX group) were enrolled. Twenty-one age-matched healthy women served as controls. All patients and controls had a regular menstrual cycle. Basal hormone levels, including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and antral follicle count (AFC) were analyzed in the two study groups and compared with the control group. RESULTS No significant differences were found between the SLE, SLE-CTX, and control groups in age, body mass index (BMI), and basal FSH and LH levels. The E2 (P=0.023) levels were high and the AMH (P=0.000) values and AFC (P=0.001) were significantly lower in the SLE and SLE-CTX groups compared to control. However, these values were similar between the SLE and SLE-CTX groups. CONCLUSION SLE patients not receiving alkylating therapy who had normal menstruation and short illness duration still had an impaired ovarian reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhong Ma
- 1 The Sixth Affiliated Hospitals of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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8
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Silva CA, Deen MEJ, Febrônio MV, Oliveira SK, Terreri MT, Sacchetti SB, Sztajnbok FR, Marini R, Quintero MV, Bica BE, Pereira RM, Bonfá E, Ferriani VP, Robazzi TC, Magalhães CS, Hilário MO. Hormone profile in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus with previous or current amenorrhea. Rheumatol Int 2010; 31:1037-43. [PMID: 20306266 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-010-1389-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
To identify the underlying mechanism of amenorrhea in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) patients, thirty-five (11.7%) JSLE patients with current or previous amenorrhea were consecutively selected among the 298 post-menarche patients followed in 12 Brazilian pediatric rheumatology centers. Pituitary gonadotrophins [follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)] and estradiol were evaluated in 32/35 patients, and prolactin and total testosterone in 29/35 patients. Patient's medical records were carefully reviewed according to demographic, clinical and therapeutic findings. The mean duration of amenorrhea was 7.2 ± 3.6 months. Low FSH or LH was observed in 7/32 (22%) JSLE patients and normal FSH or LH in 25 (78%). Remarkably, low levels of FSH or LH were associated with higher frequency of current amenorrhea (57% vs. 0%, P = 0.001), higher median disease activity (SLEDAI) and damage (SLICC/ACR-DI) (18 vs. 4, P = 0.011; 2 vs. 0, P = 0.037, respectively) and higher median current dose of prednisone (60 vs. 10 mg/day, P = 0.0001) compared to normal FSH or LH JSLE patients. None of them had decreased ovarian reserve and premature ovarian failure. Six of 29 (21%) patients had high levels of prolactin, and none had current amenorrhea. No correlations were observed between levels of prolactin and SLEDAI, and levels of prolactin and SLICC/ACR-DI scores (Spearman's coefficient). We have identified that amenorrhea in JSLE is associated with high dose of corticosteroids indicated for active disease due to hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary axis suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clovis A Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Araioses, São Paulo, Brazil.
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9
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Ekblom-Kullberg S, Kautiainen H, Alha P, Helve T, Leirisalo-Repo M, Julkunen H. Reproductive health in women with systemic lupus erythematosus compared to population controls. Scand J Rheumatol 2010; 38:375-80. [PMID: 19308803 DOI: 10.1080/03009740902763099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the reproductive health history in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) compared to population controls. METHODS A total of 206 female SLE patients were interviewed regarding demographic and disease data, menstruation, use of contraception and hormone replacement therapy (HRT), infertility, and pregnancies. The control group consisted of 1037 women from the general population of similar age and socioeconomic status living in the same region. RESULTS In SLE women compared to population controls, mean age at menarche (13.3 vs. 13.2 years) and frequency of infertility (16% vs. 16%) were similar but menopause occurred earlier (44.9 vs. 46.8 years, p = 0.01). Current use of oral contraceptives (OCs) was less common than in controls [18% vs. 28%, odds ratio (OR) 0.55, 95% CI 0.3-1.0] while previous use of progesterone-containing intrauterine devices (IUDs) was more common (13% vs. 5%, OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.9-5.4). Current use of HRT was similar (22% vs. 21%) but SLE patients had started the use earlier (43.2 vs. 47.1 years, p = 0.003). Mean number of pregnancies was lower in SLE patients compared to controls (2.3 vs. 2.5, p = 0.046) and in lupus nephritis patients compared to SLE patients without nephritis (1.9 vs. 2.5, p = 0.01). No difference was found in the occurrence of spontaneous and induced abortions compared to controls, but pregnancy-associated complications were more common in SLE women. CONCLUSION When compared to population controls women with SLE are normally fertile, use less OCs and more IUDs, have earlier menopause and use HRT as frequently. Family size is reduced, especially in lupus nephritis patients, and pregnancy-associated complications are more common.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ekblom-Kullberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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10
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Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) includes several forms of chronic arthritis in children. Treatments are chosen according to the type and severity of the disease. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids remain the mainstays of therapy. Traditional slower acting anti-rheumatic drugs, such as gold therapy, penicillamine, sulfasalazine, tiopronin and hydroxychloroquine, are usually poorly active in children. In addition, adverse effects are common, including severe macrophage activation syndrome with gold therapy or sulfasalazine. Low dose, once weekly methotrexate has emerged as the therapeutic agent of choice for children who fail to respond adequately to the administration of an NSAID, especially in those with the extended oligoarticular subtype of the disease. Other immunosuppressive agents, such as cyclosporin, are sometimes combined with methotrexate. In recent years, novel treatments have been developed. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is effective in a number of children with severe JIA, whose disease has been refractory to conventional therapy. However, only short term follow-up data are currently available for this novel therapy. In addition, severe infections complicated by macrophage activation syndrome and death have been reported. Finally, anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha therapy has shown efficacy in more than two-thirds of children with JIA and polyarthritis, and other cytokine inhibitors may be soon available.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Prieur
- Department of Paediatric Immunohaematology and Paediatric Rheumatology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.
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A comparative study of pregnancy outcomes and menstrual irregularities in northern Indian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2009; 30:1581-5. [PMID: 19826816 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-009-1192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can affect the menstruation, fertility, and pregnancy outcomes of the affected subjects. There is very little data on this aspect of the disease in Indian patients. Our aim was to study the menstrual, fertility, and pregnancy outcomes in these patients in comparison with patients of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and also to study the effect of cyclophosphamide therapy on menstrual cycles in patients with SLE. Four hundred and twenty patients of SLE (210) and RA (210) were interviewed using a standard questionnaire and available medical records used. After disease-onset, the chances of adverse pregnancy outcomes were significantly more in patients with SLE compared to RA [OR = 5.17 (2.13-12.52); p ≤ 0.001]. Compared to the National average in India, the average number of living children is lesser in patients with RA (2.39 ± 1.39, p = 0.002), but more so in patients with SLE (1.44 ± 1.35, p = 0.001). A younger age at diagnosis and cyclophosphamide therapy was found to be independently associated with menstrual irregularities after disease-onset. We conclude that pregnancy outcome in patients with SLE in India is worse in comparison to patients with RA. Average family size of patients with SLE and RA is less when compared to National average in India. Patients with SLE are more prone for menstrual irregularities, especially those who receive cyclophosphamide treatment.
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12
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Medeiros PB, Febrônio MV, Bonfá E, Borba EF, Takiuti AD, Silva CAA. Menstrual and hormonal alterations in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2009; 18:38-43. [PMID: 19074167 DOI: 10.1177/0961203308094652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Menstrual cycles of 30 patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) were compared with 30 age-matched controls. The mean age of patients with JSLE and controls was similar (17.4 +/- 3.2 vs 17.06 +/- 2.08 years, P = 0.66). The mean menarche age was higher in JSLE than controls (13.13 +/- 1.4 vs 11.56 +/- 1.5 years, P = 0.0008). On the contrary, the mean maternal menarche age was similar in both groups (P = 0.62). Menstrual abnormalities and longer length cycles were more frequently observed in JSLE than controls (63% vs 10%, P = 0.0001; 23% vs 0%, P = 0.0105, respectively). The median of follicle stimulating hormone was significantly higher in patients with JSLE compared with controls (4.6 vs 3.4 IU/L, P = 0.0207), and the median of progesterone was lower (32.5 vs 70 ng/mL, P = 0.0033). The median of luteinizing hormone was lower in patients with JSLE with menstrual abnormalities versus normal cycles (2.9 vs 5.5 IU/L, P = 0.019) and both had a high percentage of decreased progesterone levels (63% vs 73%, P = 0.70). Our findings support the notion that menstrual disturbances are frequent and may be associated with pituitary dysfunction leading to a decreased progesterone production. We also reported that in spite of premature ovarian failure being a rare event in JSLE the follicular reserve seems to be low regardless of intravenous cyclophosphamide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Medeiros
- Paediatric Rheumatology Unit, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Cabral de Sousa D, das Chagas Medeiros MM, Trindade Viana VS, Salani Mota RM. Anti-corpus luteum antibody and menstrual irregularity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Lupus 2006; 14:618-24. [PMID: 16175934 DOI: 10.1191/0961203305lu2178oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to verify the presence of anti-corpus luteum antibodies (anti-CoL) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) patients, as well as establish its possible correlation with menstrual and/or hormonal disturbances in both populations and with SLE activity. Forty-six patients with SLE, 31 with HT, four with both SLE and HT, and 36 healthy women were studied. Out of these, seven (15.2%) patients with SLE, three (9.7%) with HT, three (75%) with both pathologies, and none of the healthy controls tested positive for anti-CoL. The presence of anti-CoL was not significantly correlated to menstrual disturbance (P = 0.083), changes in the level of follicle stimulating hormone (P = 1.0), luteinizing hormone (P = 0.284), estradiol (P = 0.316), prolactin (P = 1.0) or SLE activity measured by SLEDAI (P = 0.756) in SLE patients. There were not enough patients testing positive for anti-luteal antibodies among those with HT or both HT and SLE (three from each group) for a statistical analysis. In conclusion, we found no association between anti-CoL and menstrual or hormonal disturbance in patients with SLE. Also anti-CoL was not specific for SLE, and was not found to be a marker of ovarian failure in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cabral de Sousa
- Division of Rheumatology, Walter Cantidio University Hospital, Ceará Federal University, Fortaleza/Ceará, Brazil.
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Raptopoulou A, Sidiropoulos P, Boumpas D. Ovarian failure and strategies for fertility preservation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2005; 13:887-90. [PMID: 15645741 DOI: 10.1191/0961203304lu2029ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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15
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Blumenfeld Z. Management quandary. Case 2005: Ovarian suppression with chemotherapy in adolescents. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2004; 17:413-6. [PMID: 15603987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2004.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeev Blumenfeld
- University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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16
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Medeiros MM, Silveira VA, Menezes AP, Carvalho RC. Risk factors for ovarian failure in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Braz J Med Biol Res 2001; 34:1561-8. [PMID: 11717709 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2001001200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify the risk factors for ovarian failure in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Seventy-one women aged 17 to 45 years with systemic lupus erythematosus were studied. Patients were interviewed and their medical records reviewed. Demographic characteristics, clinical and serologic profiles, and menstrual and obstetric histories were recorded. Disease activity was measured by the systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index. Serum FSH, LH, estradiol, progesterone, TSH, prolactin, and antimicrosomal and antithyroglobulin antibodies were measured. Patients who developed ovarian failure were compared to those who did not. Ovarian failure occurred in 11 patients (15.5%) and nine had premature menopause (11.3%). Cyclophosphamide administration and older patient age were found to be associated with ovarian failure. The cumulative cyclophosphamide dose was significantly higher in patients with ovarian failure than in those without this condition (18.9 vs 9.1 g; P = 0.04). The relative risk for ovarian failure in patients with cumulative cyclophosphamide dose higher than 10 g was 3.2. TSH levels were high in 100% of patients with ovarian failure who had received pulse cyclophosphamide. Ovarian failure, and premature menopause in particular, is common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, with the most important risk factors being cyclophosphamide dose and age. Thyroid problems may be another risk factor for ovarian failure in patients with lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Medeiros
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Paula Ney, 599/302, 60140-200 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. marmed@
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Kuo GM, Boumpas DT, Illei GG, Yarboro C, Pucino F, Burstein AH. Fludarabine pharmacokinetics after subcutaneous and intravenous administration in patients with lupus nephritis. Pharmacotherapy 2001; 21:528-33. [PMID: 11349741 DOI: 10.1592/phco.21.6.528.34549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To compare the pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous and intravenous fludarabine in patients with lupus nephritis. DESIGN Open-label, randomized, crossover trial conducted with a phase I-II trial. SETTING Government research hospital. PATIENTS Five patients with lupus nephritis. INTERVENTION Fludarabine 30 mg/m2/day was administered either subcutaneously or as a 0.5-hour intravenous infusion for 3 consecutive days. All patients received oral cyclophosphamide 0.5 g/m2 on the first day of each cycle. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Plasma samples were collected before and 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after the first dose. Urine was collected at 6-hour intervals for 24 hours. Plasma and urine were analyzed for fluoro-arabinofuranosyladenine (F-ara-A), fludarabine's main metabolite, using high-performance liquid chromatography. Compartmental techniques were used to determine the pharmacokinetics of F-ara-A; a linear two-compartment model best described them. Comparison of the pharmacokinetics between subcutaneous and intravenous administration was done by using a Wilcoxon signed rank test. No significant differences were found between subcutaneous and intravenous administration in median (interquartile range) maximum concentrations of 0.51 (0.38-0.56) and 0.75 (0.52-0.91) mg/L, respectively, or in fitted area under the concentration-time curves from 0-24 hours of 4.65 (4.17-4.98) and 4.55 (3.5-4.94) mg x hour/L, respectively. Bioavailability of F-ara-A after subcutaneous dosing was approximately 105% of the bioavailability after intravenous administration. Differences in renal clearance and percentage of dose excreted in urine for subcutaneous and intravenous administration were nonsignificant. No injection site reactions were seen with subcutaneous dosing. CONCLUSION Subcutaneous and intravenous administration of fludarabine appear to have similar pharmacokinetics in patients with lupus nephritis. Subcutaneous injection may offer a convenient alternative to intravenous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Kuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Abstract
Although there are not many studies which have addressed long-term outcomes in children with rheumatic disease treated with immunosuppressive agents, the data that are available, as well as information from adult studies, suggest significant long-term concerns with all the agents that have demonstrable efficacy. This must lead us to investigate new methods of treatment which will not only be more effective, but also less toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Laxer
- Department of Paediatrics and Medicine, University of Toronto and the Hospital for Sick Children, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Adolescence is a period of emotional and physical upheaval and a time when personal identity, need for independence, and peer relationships all evolve. This transition from dependence to independence can be a difficult process for healthy teenagers. Those with chronic illness and disability have additional concerns, rendering them especially vulnerable as they progress into adulthood.
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Ciruelo E, de la Cruz J, López I, Gómez-Reino JJ. Cumulative rate of relapse of lupus nephritis after successful treatment with cyclophosphamide. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1996; 39:2028-34. [PMID: 8961908 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780391212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the cumulative rate of relapse of lupus nephritis that has been treated successfully with cyclophosphamide (CYC), and to estimate the association between time to relapse and demographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment variables. METHODS This was an observational study of 48 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients who were treated successfully with CYC between 1979 and 1993 and followed up thereafter at 3 university hospitals. Demographic and clinical variables, laboratory data during the first month of nephritis, and therapy-related variables were recorded from charts. Renal biopsy specimens were retrieved and analyzed by a pathologist. Relapse of nephritis was the outcome of interest. Descriptive analysis of patients who did and those who did not have a relapse was performed by chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and Wilcoxon 2-sample test. The cumulative rate of relapse was computed using the actuarial method. Univariate comparisons of time to relapse were computed by log-rank test. Proportional hazards modeling was used to assess the combined effect of patient characteristics that have been hypothesized to be prognostic factors. RESULTS Nephritis relapsed in 11 patients. Previous hematologic disorder, arthritis or arthralgia, and the use of CYC in oral form were more frequent in patients who had a relapse. The cumulative rate of relapse was 25% and 46% at 5 years and 10 years, respectively. A significant univariate difference in time to relapse was found when patients were stratified by time from diagnosis to initiation of CYC treatment (< or = 5 months versus > 5 months; P = 0.02). By multivariate analysis, age < 29 years at nephritis onset (relative risk [RR] 6.29, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.13-34.94, P = 0.03) and delay of > 5 months from onset of nephritis to initiation of CYC therapy (RR 3.66, 95% CI 1.06-12.63, P = 0.04) were independently associated with time to relapse. CONCLUSION A selected population of SLE patients may have long-term remission of renal disease following successful CYC therapy. Patients in whom CYC treatment is delayed or who are young at the time of nephritis onset are at increased risk of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ciruelo
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Carretera de Andalucia, Madrid, Spain
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