MRI in assessment of the systemic manifestations of rheumatological disease

A ressonância magnética do quadril na avaliação de pacientes com artrite reumatóide: estudo descritivo

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o valor da ressonância magnética (RM) como modalidade diagnóstica de imagem em pacientes com artrite reumatóide e estimar a freqüência das alterações no quadril em pacientes sintomáticos e assintomáticos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 40 pacientes (17 sintomáticos e 23 assintomáticos) em equipamento de RM com 1,5 T, com o uso do contraste endovenoso. Os achados de RM foram subdivididos em alterações inflamatórias, degenerativas, mistas (inflamatórias e degenerativas) e extra-articulares. RESULTADOS: As alterações mais freqüentes na RM de quadril dos pacientes sintomáticos e assintomáticos foram dos tipos degenerativas (22,5%) e extra-articulares (22,5%). Apenas cinco dos pacientes sintomáticos apresentaram achados inflamatórios (12,5%), sendo quatro (10%) com alterações degenerativas associadas (alterações mistas). CONCLUSÃO: O estudo permitiu avaliar as principais alterações encontradas em pacientes portadores de artrite reumatóide pela RM. As alterações mais freqüentes na RM do quadril desses pacientes foram dos tipos degenerativas e extra-articulares (22,5% de cada grupo). Apenas cinco dos pacientes sintomáticos apresentaram achados inflamatórios (12,5%), sendo quatro (10%) com alterações degenerativas associadas.

Patterns of gadopentetate-enhanced MR imaging of radiocarpal joints of healthy subjects

OBJECTIVE

The aim of our study was to evaluate prospectively the grades and patterns of gadopentetate-enhanced MR imaging in the radiocarpal joints of healthy subjects after IV contrast administration.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS

The study included 18 healthy subjects (nine men, nine women; age range, 24-34 years; mean age, 30.8 years). We obtained coronal T1-weighted spin-echo images with fat suppression before and after IV administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine and additional axial T1-weighted spin-echo images after contrast administration. Patterns of signal-intensity enhancement in and around the radiocarpal joints were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively.

RESULTS

In eight (44.4%) of 18 healthy subjects, enhancement of the radiocarpal joints was seen and exclusively located in the region of the prestyloid recess. Enhancement patterns were bandlike in three (16.7%) of 18 healthy subjects, homogeneous in another three (16.7%) of 18, and nodular in two (11.1%) of 18.

CONCLUSION

After IV administration of gadopentetate, signal-intensity enhancement in the radiocarpal joint is frequently seen in healthy subjects and is not predictive of inflammatory joint disease. If contrast enhancement is present, three distinct patterns are usually revealed, all invariably located in the region of the prestyloid recess.

Magnetic resonance imaging: opportunities for rheumatoid arthritis disease assessment and monitoring long-term treatment outcomes

Early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) combined with early initiation of an appropriate treatment regimen is acknowledged as an important factor in improving clinical outcomes in patients with RA. Early diagnosis allows treatment intervention to occur sooner in order to inhibit the progression of structural joint damage as well as providing improved patient quality of life. Unfortunately, early diagnosis has been challenging due to the non-specific signs and symptoms associated with many polyarthropathies and the lack of accurate definitive diagnostic tests that can accurately classify RA at presentation. The emphasis on early diagnosis has fueled the need for powerful, sensitive, non-invasive imaging techniques that not only accurately define RA and give an indication of prognosis, but can also serve as a tool to monitor long-term treatment outcomes. This article reviews the potential uses of magnetic resonance imaging as a tool for the classification, documentation, and clinical monitoring of RA.

Atlantoaxial joints: patterns of gadolinium enhancement with MR imaging in normal subjects

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate normal patterns of enhancement of signal intensity in and about the atlantoaxial joints following intravenous administration of a gadolinium-containing contrast agent.

METHODS AND MATERIAL

Fat-suppressed axial T1 weighted SE images were obtained in 12 patients without evidence of inflammmatory arthritis before and immediately after intravenous administration of a gadolinium-containing contrast agent. Patterns of enhancement of signal intensity in and about the atlantoaxial joints were evaluated qualitatively.

RESULTS

Four different MR imaging patterns were observed: no enhancement of signal intensity, enhancement in the form of a single punctate region, enhancement in a confluent pattern, and bandlike enhancement.

CONCLUSION

Enhancement occurs around the odontoid process in patients without evidence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The dividing line between early synovitis and normal enhancement seems broader than expected. The reasons remain unclear and warant further studies.