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Corticosteroid actions on dengue immune pathology; A review article. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Sevimli A, Yağcı A, Bülbül A. Matrix metalloproteinase, vitamin A and methylprednisolone effects on experimentally induced amyloid arthropathy. Biotech Histochem 2013; 88:336-44. [PMID: 23647009 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2013.788212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the role of some matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in enhancing the effect of vitamin A and the inhibiting effect of methylprednisolone on amyloid arthropathy in brown layer chicks. We used 100 one-day-old Isa brown layer chicks. The chicks were allocated to one of four groups as follows: negative control group (I), vitamin A group (II), positive control group (III) and methylprednisolone group (IV). Amyloid arthropathy was induced by injections of complete Freund's adjuvant into the left intertarsal joints of the chicks. Serum vitamin A and tissue MMP (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9) levels were measured and differences among the groups were investigated. Serum vitamin A rates (μg/dl) were: 63.57 ± 4.10, 47.13 ± 10.62, 53.26 ± 10.79, 98.48 ± 8.20 in groups I, II, III and IV, respectively (p < 0.001). MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels were evaluated in tissues from the chickens with amyloid arthropathy. Methylprednisolone significantly suppressed the release of MMP-1 and MMP-2, and increased the release of MMP-9 in birds with amyloid arthropathy. In addition, vitamin A significantly increased the release of MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sevimli
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversity, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
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Reply to: Comment on “Comparison of MMP-3 levels in rheumatoid arthritis after treatment with tocilizumab or infliximab for 12 weeks” by Yokoe et al. Mod Rheumatol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10165-012-0677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Vieira-Sousa E, Gerlag DM, Tak PP. Synovial tissue response to treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. Open Rheumatol J 2011; 5:115-22. [PMID: 22279510 PMCID: PMC3263447 DOI: 10.2174/1874312901105010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The recognition of the synovial tissue, as the primary target of inflammation in RA, has driven research in this field, not only to clarify the disease pathogenesis but also to evaluate local changes in response to treatment. Special interest has been given to the identification of sensitive synovial biomarkers that could be of help in demonstrating proof of principle in early stages of drug development. Synovial sublining macrophages have been shown to correlate with scores for disease activity in cross-sectional studies. Moreover, decreased disease activity as measured by the disease activity score evaluated in 28 joints (DAS28) after effective treatment, has consistently been associated with a reduction of the number of CD68+ synovial sublining macrophages across different therapies. This observation highlights a possible final common pathway in the mechanism of action of various therapies and supports the notion that macrophages have a central role in RA pathogenesis. When considering experimental therapies, the study of serial synovial biopsies in relatively small numbers of patients, in the context of proof of principle trials, successfully distinguished between effective and ineffective treatments. This attractive approach can be used during early drug development for screening proposes, supporting which new treatments have higher probability to be beneficial in a large scale clinical trial. In this paper we review the effects of RA treatments on the synovial tissue, including targeted therapies, with particular attention to their effect on synovial biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Vieira-Sousa
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
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Mierzecki A, Strecker D, Radomska K. A pilot study on zinc levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 143:854-62. [PMID: 21279466 PMCID: PMC3187853 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8952-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate zinc levels in three biological compartments (serum, erythrocytes and hair) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as compared to healthy individuals. Zinc levels in serum, erythrocytes and hair (in 74 patients with RA and 30 healthy individuals) were assessed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The mean hair zinc content was significantly lower in RA patients as compared to healthy individuals (p<0.001). Moreover, a positive correlation was observed in the RA patient group between the erythrocyte zinc levels and the prednisone dose (rs=0.48, p<0.05), and a negative correlation was found in this population between the serum zinc levels and disease duration (rs=-0.42, p<0.0006). In conclusion, it seems that hair may be a useful complementary study material for evaluating "zinc status" in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Mierzecki
- Independent Laboratory of Family Physician Education, Pomeranian Medical University, ul. Rybacka 1, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dorota Strecker
- Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Paediatric Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University, ul. Zolnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Krystyna Radomska
- Institute of Quantum Electronics, Military Technical Academy, ul. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw 49, Poland
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Aghighi Y, Attarod L, Javanmard M. Efficacy of methylprednisolone pulse therapy in children with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2008; 27:1371-5. [PMID: 18604580 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-008-0919-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2007] [Revised: 04/22/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Pulse therapy is one of the most well-known methods used in the treatment of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. This study assessed the outcome of methylprednisolone pulse therapy, its rate of efficacy, and its associated complications in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). This cross-sectional study was performed on 120 children with JRA who attended the Pediatric Ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital from 1994 to 2004 and who had undergone around 500 cycles of methylprednisolone pulse therapies. Clinical signs, including signs of improvement, complications, or recurrence of disease, were noted. SPSS version 11.5 and paired t test were used to compare the variables prior to and after treatment. Clinical signs observed included: feeling of weakness (100%), malaise (98.3%), loss of appetite (93.3%), fever (88.3%), skin rash (28%), lymphadenopathy (18.3%), serositis (4.2%), splenomegaly (3.3%), and hepatomegaly (1.7%); however, none of these findings were present after pulse therapy. The number of swollen and tender joints, duration of morning stiffness, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and hemoglobin levels showed significant improvement after pulse therapy. Complications of pulse therapy included tachycardia (n = 16, 13.3%), hypertension (n = 10, 8.3%), headache (n = 2, 1.7%), and flashing (n = 2, 1.7%). The mean duration of remission was 3.3 +/- 0.7 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Aghighi
- Pediatric Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ye S, Patodi N, Walker-Bone K, Reading I, Cooper C, Dennison E. Variation in the matrix metalloproteinase-3, -7, -12 and -13 genes is associated with functional status in rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Immunogenet 2007; 34:81-5. [PMID: 17373931 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2007.00664.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in rheumatoid arthritis, we investigated whether variation in MMP genes was associated with functional disability in rheumatoid arthritis patients. A cohort of patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis were recruited and genotyped for the MMP1-1607 1G > 2G, MMP3-1612 5A > 6A, MMP7-153C > T, MMP7-181G > A, MMP12-82A > G and MMP13-77A > G polymorphisms. Genotypes were then analysed in relation to functional disability assessed by Steinbrocker index and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score. We detected an association between the MMP13-77 A > G polymorphism and Steinbrocker index, with patients of the A/A genotype having higher score than patients of the A/G or G/G genotype (P = 0.005), and the association remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, presence of erosive disease, Ritchie score, prednisolone therapy and years of diagnosis (P = 0.003). We also observed a relationship of Steinbrocker index with the MMP3-1612 5A > 6A, MMP7-181 A > G and MMP12-82A > G polymorphisms (P = 0.082, P = 0.037 and P = 0.045). No association was detected between the MMP1-1607 1G > 2G and MMP7-153C > T polymorphisms and either Steinbrocker index or HAQ score. These results suggest that MMP3, MMP7, MMP12 and MMP13 genotypes may play a role in determining functional status of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ye
- Human Genetics Division, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.
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Ferretti M, Gassner R, Wang Z, Perera P, Deschner J, Sowa G, Salter RB, Agarwal S. Biomechanical signals suppress proinflammatory responses in cartilage: early events in experimental antigen-induced arthritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 177:8757-66. [PMID: 17142778 PMCID: PMC4948981 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.12.8757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although biomechanical signals generated during joint mobilization are vital in maintaining integrity of inflamed cartilage, the molecular mechanisms of their actions are little understood. In an experimental model of arthritis, we demonstrate that biomechanical signals are potent anti-inflammatory signals that repress transcriptional activation of proinflammatory genes and augment expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 to profoundly attenuate localized joint inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Ferretti
- Section of Oral Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Robert Gassner
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zheng Wang
- Section of Oral Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Priyangi Perera
- Section of Oral Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - James Deschner
- Section of Oral Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Gwendolyn Sowa
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | | | - Sudha Agarwal
- Section of Oral Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Orthopedics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Sudha Agarwal at the current address: Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, 4171 Postle Hall, Ohio State University, 305 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210.
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Carl HD, Klug S, Seitz J, Swoboda B, Kinne RW. Site-specific intraoperative efficacy of arthroscopic knee joint synovectomy in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthroscopy 2005; 21:1209-18. [PMID: 16226649 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2005.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the intraoperative reduction of inflammatory infiltrates achieved by arthroscopic knee joint synovectomy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with special regard to the removal site, using preoperative and postoperative synovial tissue (ST) samples. TYPE OF STUDY A histologic and immunohistochemical study. METHODS Eleven patients with treatment-refractory RA knee synovitis underwent arthroscopic synovectomy. In each patient, ST specimens were obtained immediately before and after synovectomy from 9 defined sites covering the whole joint. The samples were graded using an acute synovitis score (ASS; presence of polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes [PMN] and fibrin) and a chronic synovitis score (CSS; e.g., lining cell hyperplasia, presence of diffuse and lymphoid aggregates). Immunohistologic analyses were performed using 7 monoclonal antibodies directed against PMN, macrophages, and T-cell subsets (total of 1,584 preparations). Knee function was assessed after an average follow-up of 28 months by Lysholm score (modified by Klein and Jensen), Insall functional and knee scores, and Lequesne score. RESULTS Arthroscopic synovectomy led to an overall significant (P between .005 and .05) reduction of the acute inflammatory infiltrates (ASS) by 82.1%, but to a significant reduction of chronic inflammatory infiltrates (CSS) by only 62.5%. Accordingly, the density of PMN was reduced by 81.8%, whereas that of macrophages and different T-cell subsets was only decreased by < or = 61.6%. With respect to the anatomic regions, a significantly (P < or = .05) less marked reduction of inflammatory infiltrates was observed in the upper lateral and central recess, at the medial and lateral capsule, as well as at the femoral insertion of the anterior cruciate ligament. All knee joint scores showed a significant (P < or = .01) improvement over preoperative values at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Arthroscopic synovectomy effectively reduces acute and chronic inflammatory infiltrates in patients with RA who have refractory synovitis of the knee joint (immediately after synovectomy) and improves knee function (28-month follow-up). However, the reduction of inflammatory infiltrates appears to depend on the anatomic region of the joint. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Dieter Carl
- Division of Orthopedic Rheumatology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Czock D, Keller F, Rasche FM, Häussler U. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of systemically administered glucocorticoids. Clin Pharmacokinet 2005; 44:61-98. [PMID: 15634032 DOI: 10.2165/00003088-200544010-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 542] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids have pleiotropic effects that are used to treat diverse diseases such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and acute kidney transplant rejection. The most commonly used systemic glucocorticoids are hydrocortisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone and dexamethasone. These glucocorticoids have good oral bioavailability and are eliminated mainly by hepatic metabolism and renal excretion of the metabolites. Plasma concentrations follow a biexponential pattern. Two-compartment models are used after intravenous administration, but one-compartment models are sufficient after oral administration.The effects of glucocorticoids are mediated by genomic and possibly nongenomic mechanisms. Genomic mechanisms include activation of the cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor that leads to activation or repression of protein synthesis, including cytokines, chemokines, inflammatory enzymes and adhesion molecules. Thus, inflammation and immune response mechanisms may be modified. Nongenomic mechanisms might play an additional role in glucocorticoid pulse therapy. Clinical efficacy depends on glucocorticoid pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as the elimination half-life, and pharmacodynamic parameters such as the concentration producing the half-maximal effect, determine the duration and intensity of glucocorticoid effects. The special contribution of either of these can be distinguished with pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis. We performed simulations with a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model using T helper cell counts and endogenous cortisol as biomarkers for the effects of methylprednisolone. These simulations suggest that the clinical efficacy of low-dose glucocorticoid regimens might be increased with twice-daily glucocorticoid administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Czock
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Ulm, Robert-Koch-Str. 8, Ulm 89081, Germany
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Hsu K, Passey RJ, Endoh Y, Rahimi F, Youssef P, Yen T, Geczy CL. Regulation of S100A8 by glucocorticoids. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:2318-26. [PMID: 15699168 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.4.2318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
S100A8 (A8) has roles in inflammation, differentiation and development and is associated with oxidative defense. Murine A8 (mA8) is up-regulated in macrophages, fibroblasts, and microvascular endothelial cells by LPS. Glucocorticoids (GCs) amplified LPS-induced mA8 in these cells. Relative to stimulation by LPS, GCs increased mA8 gene transcription and mRNA half-life. Enhancement required new protein synthesis, IL-10 and products of the cyclooxygenase-2 pathway, and both ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK. Protein kinase A positively and protein kinase C negatively regulated this process. Promoter analysis indicated element(s) essential for LPS and dexamethasone enhancement colocated within the region -178 to 0 bp. In the absence of glucocorticoid response elements, NF1 motif at -58 is a candidate for mediation of enhancement. Gel shift analysis detected no differences between LPS- and LPS/dexamethasone-treated complexes within this region. GCs increased constitutive levels of A8 and S100A9 (A9) mRNA in human monocytes. The synovial membrane of rheumatoid patients treated with high dose i.v. methylprednisolone contained higher numbers of A8/A9-positive macrophages than pre- or posttreatment samples. Results support the proposal that A8 has anti-inflammatory properties that may be independent of hetero-complex formation with A9 and may also enable localized defense in the absence of overriding deleterious host responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Hsu
- Inflammatory Diseases Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Wong PKK, Young L, Vaile JH, Tan L, Bertouch JV, Bleasel JF, White C. Telopeptides as markers of bone turnover in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Intern Med J 2005; 34:539-44. [PMID: 15482266 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2004.00647.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the present study was to determine if urinary excretion of type I collagen N-terminal telopeptides (UrNTx) and deoxypyridinoline (UrDPD) and serum levels of type I collagen C-terminal telopeptides (SeCTx) differed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared with populations matched for age and gender with and without osteoarthritis (OA). The correlation of markers of bone turnover with disease activity in patients with RA or radiographic severity in patients with OA was also examined. METHODS Patients with RA aged >50 years (men) and >60 years (women) were identified from computer databases at two tertiary referral centres for rheumatology. Strict exclusion criteria were applied to avoid the effects of factors known to influence markers of bone turnover. Patients with RA and OA were matched for age and sex with a control population free of known arthritic disease and a population with OA. Bone markers were assayed in serum and urine. Urine markers were measured on three consecutive days and mean values used to minimize day-to-day variability of these analytes. RESULTS The level of UrNTx was elevated in patients with RA compared with normal controls and patients with OA. UrNTx and UrDPD correlated with markers of disease activity in patients with RA (erythrocyte -sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein), but not with -clinical signs of inflammation (swollen and tender joint counts). Patients with OA failed to show any correlation between markers of bone turnover and radiographic severity. CONCLUSIONS These data support a role for the use of UrNTx and UrDPD in further studies of the patho-physiology of RA and in longitudinal studies designed to modify the course of clinical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K K Wong
- Reid Rheumatology Laboratory, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia.
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Durez P, Nzeusseu Toukap A, Lauwerys BR, Manicourt DH, Verschueren P, Westhovens R, Devogelaer JP, Houssiau FA. A randomised comparative study of the short term clinical and biological effects of intravenous pulse methylprednisolone and infliximab in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis despite methotrexate treatment. Ann Rheum Dis 2004; 63:1069-74. [PMID: 15308515 PMCID: PMC1755125 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2003.012914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the short term clinical and biological effects of intravenous (i.v.) pulse methylprednisolone (MP) and infliximab (IFX) in patients with severe active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) despite methotrexate (MTX) treatment. METHODS Patients with active RA despite MTX treatment were randomly allocated to receive a single i.v. infusion of MP (1 g) or three i.v. infusions of IFX (3 mg/kg) on weeks 0, 2, and 6. Patients were "blindly" evaluated for disease activity measures. Quality of life (QoL) was evaluated through the SF-36 health survey. Serum matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) titres were measured at baseline, weeks 2 and 6. RESULTS Compared with baseline, significant improvement was noted in all activity measures, including serum C reactive protein (CRP) titres, in the IFX group only. At week 14, 6/9 (67%) and 4/9 (44%) IFX patients met the ACR20 and 50 response criteria, while this was the case in only 1/12 (8%) and 0/12 (0%) MP patients, respectively (p<0.05). None of the QoL scales improved with MP treatment, whereas some did so in the IFX group. Serum MMP-3 titres significantly decreased (41% drop) at week 6 in the IFX group, while no changes were seen in patients given MP. CONCLUSION This short term randomised comparative study demonstrates that TNF blockade is better than MP pulse therapy in a subset of patients with severe refractory RA, with improvement in not only clinical parameters of disease activity but also biological inflammatory indices, such as serum CRP and MMP-3 titres.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Durez
- Rheumatology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
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Kunisch E, Fuhrmann R, Roth A, Winter R, Lungershausen W, Kinne RW. Macrophage specificity of three anti-CD68 monoclonal antibodies (KP1, EBM11, and PGM1) widely used for immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Ann Rheum Dis 2004; 63:774-84. [PMID: 15194571 PMCID: PMC1755048 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2003.013029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the specificity of three anti-CD68 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for macrophages (Mphi) in immunohistochemistry (IHC) and flow cytometry (FACS). METHODS IHC was performed on cryostat sections of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) synovial membranes using the anti-CD68 mAbs KP1, EBM11, and PGM1, and the fibroblast (FB) markers CD90 and prolyl 4-hydroxylase. Expression of CD68 was also analysed by FACS on the monocytic cell lines THP-1 and U937, as well as on synovial fibroblasts (SFB), skin FB, and gingival FB (both surface and intracellular staining). RESULTS In IHC, there was an overlap between CD68 (mAbs KP1 and EBM11) and the FB markers CD90/prolyl 4-hydroxylase in the lining layer, diffuse infiltrates, and stroma of RA and OA synovial membranes. In FACS analysis of THP-1 and U937 cells, the percentage of cells positive for the anti-CD68 mAbs KP1 and EBM11 progressively increased from surface staining of unfixed cells, to surface staining of pre-fixed cells, to intracellular staining of the cells. Upon intracellular FACS of different FB, nearly all cells were positive for KP1 and EBM11, but only a small percentage for PGM1. In surface staining FACS, a small percentage of FB were positive for all three anti-CD68 mAbs. CONCLUSION An overlap between CD68 (mAbs KP1 or EBM11) and the FB markers CD90 or prolyl 4-hydroxylase may prevent unequivocal identification of Mphi in synovial tissue by IHC or in monocytic cells and FB upon intracellular FACS. This may be due to sharing of common markers by completely different cell lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kunisch
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Hans-Knoll-Str 2, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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Vandooren B, Kruithof E, Yu DTY, Rihl M, Gu J, De Rycke L, Van Den Bosch F, Veys EM, De Keyser F, Baeten D. Involvement of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in peripheral synovitis and down-regulation by tumor necrosis factor ? blockade in spondylarthropathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 50:2942-53. [PMID: 15457463 DOI: 10.1002/art.20477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in spondylarthropathy (SpA) synovitis. METHODS Paired samples of synovial biopsy tissue as well as serum and synovial fluid (SF) from 41 patients with SpA and 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and serum samples from 20 healthy controls were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of MMPs 1, 2, 3, and 9 and TIMPs 1 and 2. In addition, sera from 16 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and peripheral synovitis and 17 patients with AS and exclusively axial involvement were analyzed. An additional cohort of SpA patients was analyzed at baseline and after 12 weeks of infliximab treatment. RESULTS Staining for MMPs and TIMPs showed a cellular and interstitial pattern in the synovial lining and sublining layers that was similar between the RA and SpA patients. Involvement of MMPs and TIMPs in SpA synovitis was suggested by the correlation with cellular infiltration, vascularization, and cartilage degradation. Higher serum levels of MMPs 3 and 9 were revealed in SpA and RA patients as compared with healthy controls. Production of MMP-3, but not MMP-9, in the serum reflected the presence of peripheral synovitis, as indicated by 1) the correlation between serum levels, SF levels (which were 1,000-fold higher than the serum levels), and synovial expression of MMP-3, 2) the increased levels of MMP-3 in AS patients with peripheral disease and not exclusively axial involvement, and 3) the correlation of serum and SF MMP-3 with parameters of synovial, but not systemic, inflammation. The modulation of the MMP/TIMP system by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) blockade was confirmed by the down-regulation of all MMPs and TIMPs in the synovium and a pronounced and rapid decrease of serum MMP-3. CONCLUSION MMPs and TIMPs are highly expressed in SpA synovitis and mirror both the inflammatory and tissue-remodeling aspects of the local disease process. Serum MMP-3, originating from the inflamed joint, represents a valuable biomarker for peripheral synovitis. Modulation of the MMP/TIMP system by infliximab could contribute to the antiinflammatory and tissue-remodeling effects of TNFalpha blockade in SpA.
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Wong PKK, Campbell IK, Egan PJ, Ernst M, Wicks IP. The role of the interleukin-6 family of cytokines in inflammatory arthritis and bone turnover. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2003; 48:1177-89. [PMID: 12746890 DOI: 10.1002/art.10943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter K K Wong
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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