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Velikova T, Sekulovski M, Bogdanova S, Vasilev G, Peshevska-Sekulovska M, Miteva D, Georgiev T. Intravenous Immunoglobulins as Immunomodulators in Autoimmune Diseases and Reproductive Medicine. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:antib12010020. [PMID: 36975367 PMCID: PMC10045256 DOI: 10.3390/antib12010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravenous administration of immunoglobulins has been routinely used for more than 60 years in clinical practice, developed initially as replacement therapy in immunodeficiency disorders. Today, the use of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs) is embedded in the modern algorithms for the management of a few diseases, while in most cases, their application is off-label and thus different from their registered therapeutic indications according to the summary of product characteristics. In this review, we present the state-of-the-art use of IVIGs in various autoimmune conditions and immune-mediated disorders associated with reproductive failure, as approved therapy, based on indications or off-label. IVIGs are often an alternative to other treatments, and the administration of IVIGs continues to expand as data accumulate. Additionally, new insights into the pathophysiology of immune-mediated disorders have been gained. Therefore, the need for immunomodulation has increased, where IVIG therapy represents an option for stimulating, inhibiting and regulating various immune processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetelina Velikova
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1 Kozyak Str., 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence:
| | - Metodija Sekulovski
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1 Kozyak Str., 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Lozenetz, 1 Kozyak Str., 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Simona Bogdanova
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Vasilev
- Clinic of Neurology, UMHAT “Sv. Georgi”, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Monika Peshevska-Sekulovska
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1 Kozyak Str., 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Lozenetz, 1 Kozyak Str., 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dimitrina Miteva
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 8 Dragan Tzankov Str., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetoslav Georgiev
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
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Meridor K, Shoenfeld Y, Tayer-Shifman O, Levy Y. Lupus acute cardiomyopathy is highly responsive to intravenous immunoglobulin treatment: Case series and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25591. [PMID: 33950936 PMCID: PMC8104142 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is currently used with considerable success for the treatment of many autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Among its various indications, IVIg has also been found to be beneficial in myocarditis, whether or not it is associated with an autoimmune disease. Nevertheless, data regarding IVIg treatment for myocarditis/cardiomyopathy in patients with SLE are sparse. The objective of this case series was to describe our experience with IVIg as a treatment for lupus myocarditis and to review the literature for IVIg for this indication. PATIENT CONCERNS We report 5 female patients with SLE, who presented with signs of acute heart failure including pulmonary congestion and arrhythmias. DIAGNOSIS Echocardiography demonstrated new reduced left ventricular ejection fraction of 20% to 30%. Two patients underwent coronary artery angiography, which demonstrated normal coronary arteries, supporting the diagnosis of myocarditis or nonischemic cardiomyopathy. INTERVENTIONS High-dose IVIg treatment was initiated in all 5 patients. OUTCOMES Following the treatment, clinical and echocardiographic improvement in cardiac function occurred within a few days to 1 month. This dramatic improvement persisted for several years. CONCLUSION Based on our case series, we believe that IVIg has an important role in the management of lupus acute cardiomyopathy. This safe, well-tolerated optional treatment should be considered, especially in severe cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Meridor
- Department of Internal Medicine E, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba
- Affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer
- Affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Oshrat Tayer-Shifman
- Rheumatology Unit, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba
- Affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yair Levy
- Department of Internal Medicine E, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba
- Affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Gordon C, Amissah-Arthur MB, Gayed M, Brown S, Bruce IN, D’Cruz D, Empson B, Griffiths B, Jayne D, Khamashta M, Lightstone L, Norton P, Norton Y, Schreiber K, Isenberg D. The British Society for Rheumatology guideline for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus in adults. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 57:e1-e45. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Gordon
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham,
- Rheumatology Department, City Hospital, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust,
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham,
| | - Maame-Boatemaa Amissah-Arthur
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham,
| | - Mary Gayed
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham,
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham,
| | - Sue Brown
- Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Bath,
| | - Ian N. Bruce
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Institute for Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre,
- The Kellgren Centre for Rheumatology, NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester,
| | - David D’Cruz
- Louise Coote Lupus Unit, Guy’s Hospital, London,
| | - Benjamin Empson
- Laurie Pike Health Centre, Modality Partnership, Birmingham,
| | | | - David Jayne
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge,
- Lupus and Vasculitis Unit, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge,
| | - Munther Khamashta
- Lupus Research Unit, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas’ Hospital,
- Division of Women’s Health, King’s College London,
| | - Liz Lightstone
- Section of Renal Medicine and Vascular Inflammation, Division of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London,
| | | | | | | | - David Isenberg
- Centre for Rheumatology, University College London, London, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenously administered immunoglobulins have multiple modes of action that are anti-inflammatory. They can therefore be beneficial in a number of autoimmune disorders. OBJECTIVE The aim of this article is to analyze and summarize studies on the administration of intravenous immunoglobulins in rheumatological diseases. METHODS A selective search and analysis of the literature was carried out related to the mode of action and efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulins in rheumatological diseases. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Intravenous immunoglobulins have a broad mode of action and can therefore be beneficial in almost all autoimmune diseases. Conditions in which they are of special benefit include immunothrombopenia (ITP), Kawasaki disease and idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. In rare situations, they may also be indicated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjögren's syndrome and neuropathies, catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), scleroderma, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis, pyoderma gangrenosum and scleromyxedema. Severe adverse events are rare. In view of the high costs of the therapy, intravenous immunoglobulins are mostly applied in emergency situations, as salvage therapy when other standard therapies have failed or when severe infections are a contraindication to the administration of immunosuppressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Witte
- Klinik für Immunologie und Rheumatologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland.
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Yang X, Sherwin CMT, Yu T, Yellepeddi VK, Brunner HI, Vinks AA. Pharmacokinetic modeling of therapies for systemic lupus erythematosus. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2015; 8:587-603. [PMID: 26143647 DOI: 10.1586/17512433.2015.1059751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing use of different types of therapies in treating autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), there is a need to utilize pharmacokinetic (PK) strategies to optimize the clinical outcome of these treatments. Various PK analysis approaches, including population PK modeling and physiologically based PK modeling, have been used to evaluate drug PK characteristics and population variability or to predict drug PK profiles in a mechanistic manner. This review outlines the PK modeling of major SLE therapies including immunosuppressants (methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate and cyclophosphamide, among others) and immunomodulators (intravenous immunoglobulin). It summarizes the population PK modeling, physiologically based PK modeling and model-based individualized dosing strategies to improve the therapeutic outcomes in SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Yang
- a 1 Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Abstract
The use of IVIG to treat a wide variety of immune-driven diseases has grown rapidly, although the mechanism of action is not completely understood. Increasing demand for IVIG coupled with concerns regarding potential transmissible agents has led to worldwide supply shortages. National agencies have therefore produced guidelines for its use, with the latest England and Wales guideline being published in 2011. Due to the rarity of the rheumatic diseases, the evidence for IVIG use has been shown to be lacking in some areas and promising in others. Conditions in which IVIG has been shown to have benefit include ITP, Guillain-Barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy occurring in the context of rheumatic disease, as well as in SLE, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and ANCA-associated vasculitides. This review looks at current IVIG use and is designed to be an aid for rheumatologists when considering the use of IVIG in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Mulhearn
- Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester and Kellgren Centre for Rheumatology, NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Ian N Bruce
- Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester and Kellgren Centre for Rheumatology, NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester and Kellgren Centre for Rheumatology, NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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Lee SY, Jung YO, Ryu JG, Kang CM, Kim EK, Son HJ, Yang EJ, Ju JH, Kang YS, Park SH, Kim HY, Cho ML. Intravenous immunoglobulin attenuates experimental autoimmune arthritis by inducing reciprocal regulation of Th17 and Treg cells in an interleukin-10-dependent manner. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:1768-78. [PMID: 24644005 DOI: 10.1002/art.38627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is used as a therapeutic agent in various autoimmune diseases. The aims of this study were to investigate the therapeutic effects of IVIG on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and identify the mechanism responsible for any therapeutic effects. METHODS IVIG was administered to mice with CIA, and the in vivo effects were determined. Th17 and Treg cell frequencies were analyzed by flow cytometry, and cytokine levels in the supernatant were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Subpopulations of T cells and B cells in the spleen were assessed by confocal microscopy. RESULTS The arthritis severity score and incidence of arthritis were lower in mice treated with IVIG compared with untreated mice. Histopathologic analysis showed less joint damage in mice treated with IVIG. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines, specific type II collagen antibodies, and osteoclast markers was significantly reduced in mice treated with IVIG. Administration of IVIG induced increased FoxP3 expression and inhibited Th17 cell development. The number of FoxP3+ Treg cells was increased, and the number of Th17 cells was decreased in the spleens of mice treated with IVIG. The number of FoxP3+ follicular helper T cells was increased, and subsequent maturation of germinal center B cells was inhibited by IVIG. In addition, IVIG up-regulated interleukin-10 (IL-10) and Fcγ receptor IIB expression. The treatment effects of IVIG on arthritis were lost in IL-10-knockout mice. CONCLUSION These results showed that IVIG has therapeutic effects by modulating CD4+ T cell differentiation. The therapeutic effects of IVIG are dependent on IL-10.
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Oygucu SE, Ozbudak IH, Akcan AB, Coskun M, Ozel D, Ozbilim G, Oygur N. Effects of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 21:51-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kivity S, Katz U, Daniel N, Nussinovitch U, Papageorgiou N, Shoenfeld Y. Evidence for the use of intravenous immunoglobulins--a review of the literature. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2010; 38:201-69. [PMID: 19590986 PMCID: PMC7101816 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-009-8155-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) were first introduced in the middle of the twentieth century for the treatment of primary immunodeficiencies. In 1981, Paul Imbach noticed an improvement of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, in patients receiving IVIg for immunodeficiencies. This opened a new era for the treatment of autoimmune conditions with IVIg. Since then, IVIg has become an important treatment option in a wide spectrum of diseases, including autoimmune and acute inflammatory conditions, most of them off-label (not included in the US Food and Drug Administration recommendation). A panel of immunologists and internists with experience in IVIg therapy reviewed the medical literature for published data concerning treatment with IVIg. The quality of evidence was assessed, and a summary of the available relevant literature in each disease was given. To our knowledge, this is the first all-inclusive comprehensive review, developed to assist the clinician when considering the use of IVIg in autoimmune diseases, immune deficiencies, and other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaye Kivity
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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11
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Beneficial effect of triple treatment plus immunoglobulin in experimental nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 2009; 24:1173-80. [PMID: 19224250 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-009-1117-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Combinations of antiproteinurics, including angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitors + angiotensin II receptor antagonist + statins, are promising choices in the treatment of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. We aimed to investigate the effects of high doses of immunoglobulin in addition to these combinations in rats with adriamycin-induced nephrosis. The study included 40 rats allocated into five groups: control, nephrotic syndrome without treatment, dual therapy (DT) with enalapril + losartan, triple therapy (TT) with enalapril + losartan + simvastatin, and quadruple therapy (QT) with enalapril + losartan + simvastatin + a high dose of immunoglobulin. The proteinuria levels were not statistically different between DT, TT and QT groups at weeks 5, 8, 12 and 16. At week 16, serum creatinine levels in the QT group were significantly lower than those in the control, DT and TT groups. The glomerulosclerosis index in the DT group was significantly lower than in the TT and QT groups. The scores for interstitial fibrosis and TGF-beta staining were similar among treatment groups. In conclusion, we showed that quadruple therapy including immunoglobulin had a beneficial effect on renal function in the late phase, but it had no additional effects in reducing proteinuria or in glomerulosclerosis score in experimental nephrotic syndrome. Further studies with angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin II receptor antagonists (AIIRAs) and immunoglobulin combinations would offer some benefits in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome.
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12
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Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with variable clinical manifestations that is characterized by flares and periods of relative quiescence. The disease occurs approximately 10 times more frequently in women and is more prevalent among certain ethnic groups. The etiology is complex and dependent upon an interaction of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. Corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents have transformed the outlook for patients with lupus. Unfortunately, the increased lifespan unmasked an accelerated process of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Early mortality is usually attributable to active lupus, but deaths late in the disease process are often secondary to thrombotic events. Advancements in the understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis have resulted in development of novel therapies. Immunomodulatory drugs developed for other diseases are being investigated for use in specific manifestations of lupus. Individualization of treatment and lifelong monitoring are required in most patients.
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Kessel A, Ammuri H, Peri R, Pavlotzky ER, Blank M, Shoenfeld Y, Toubi E. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy affects T regulatory cells by increasing their suppressive function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:5571-5. [PMID: 17911644 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.8.5571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Intravenous Ig therapy (IVIg) is reported to be a useful regimen in treating autoimmune diseases. In this study, we asked whether IVIg (in vitro) could increase the expression of TGF-beta, IL-10, and the transcription factor FoxP3 in T regulatory (Treg) cells, and the idea that IVIg could enhance suppressive properties of these cells. CD4(+) T cells from 12 healthy individuals were cultured in the presence or absence of IVIg vs human control IgG during 16, 24, and 36 h. Using FACS analysis and gating on CD4(+)CD25(high) Treg cells, we assessed the expression of intracellular TGF-beta, IL-10, and FoxP3. In addition, the production of TNF-alpha by stimulated CD4(+) T cells alone or in culture with CD25(+) by itself or together with IVIg was also assessed. The presence of IVIg with Treg cells in culture significantly increased the intracellular expression of TGF-beta (17.7 +/- 8.5% vs 29.8 +/- 13%; p = 0.02), IL-10 (20.7 +/- 4.7% vs 34.2 +/- 5.2%; p = 0.008) and FoxP3 (20.8 +/- 5.2% vs 33.7 +/- 5.9%; p = 0.0006) when compared with cells cultured alone or with control human IgG. The suppressive effect of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells presented as the decrease of TNF-alpha production by stimulated CD4(+)CD25(-) (effector T cells) was further increased by adding IVIg to cell culture. We hereby demonstrate an additional mechanism by which IVIg could maintain self-tolerance and decrease immune-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aharon Kessel
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Bnai-Zion Medical Centre, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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Steinbrecher A, Berlit P. Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in vasculitis and connective tissue disorders. J Neurol 2006; 253 Suppl 5:V39-49. [PMID: 16998753 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-006-5006-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vasculitis syndromes and connective tissue disorders are heterogeneous and mostly rare multisystem disorders with various autoimmune mechanisms driving tissue inflammation and remodeling, ischemic and hemorrhagic tissue damage. While the nervous system can be affected by most of these diseases, the pathogenesis for neural involvement is often ambiguous and elusive for the clinician. Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) have been used for the treatment of most of these disorders. However, a thorough review of the literature indicates that the role for IVIG has to be discussed for individual entities, has often only anecdotal evidence, and is particularly hard to define with respect to neurological manifestations. This review gathers the available evidence on the efficacy of IVIG in neurologically relevant rheumatic diseases, leading to recommendations for their clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Steinbrecher
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 84, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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Toubi E, Kessel A, Shoenfeld Y. High-dose intravenous immunoglobulins: an option in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Hum Immunol 2006; 66:395-402. [PMID: 15866703 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2005.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2004] [Accepted: 01/19/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite encouraging reports on the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the clinical value of this treatment is not well established, and most of the data are based on case reports and small series of patients. IVIG has been used successfully to treat SLE patients with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, such as refractory thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, central nervous system (CNS) involvement, secondary antiphospholipid syndrome, and lupus nephritis. The beneficial effects of IVIG on overall disease activity are usually prompt, with marked improvement within a few days, but they are often of limited duration. Improvement lasts for several weeks after the last infusion, although clinical response could be maintained by continuous monthly IVIG infusions. IVIG therapy immunomodulates autoimmune diseases by interacting with various Fcgamma receptors in such a way that it downregulates activating FcRIIA and FcRIIC and/or upregulates inhibitory FcRIIB. However, in SLE, additional mechanisms include inhibition of complement-mediated damage, modulation of production of cytokines and cytokine antagonists, modulation of T- and B-lymphocyte function, induction of apoptosis in lymphocytes and monocytes, downregulation of autoantibody production, manipulation of the idiotypic network, and neutralization of pathogenic autoantibodies. At present, IVIG in SLE is indicated either in severe cases that are nonresponsive to other therapeutic modalities, or when SLE can be controlled only with high-dose steroids; in such patients, IVIG thus becomes a useful steroid-sparing agent. However, this needs to be confirmed in double-blind, placebo-controlled studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Toubi
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
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Erisir S, Akbas H, Koyun M, Akman S. The efficiency of intraperitoneal high-dose immunoglobulin in experimental nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 2006; 21:39-45. [PMID: 16252108 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-005-2046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2005] [Revised: 07/01/2005] [Accepted: 07/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although it has been reported that high-dose immunoglobulin has beneficial effects in chronic glomerulonephritis, it is not known whether it is effective in the treatment of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. We have investigated the effects of intraperitoneal immunoglobulin in adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome. Adriamycin (2 mg kg(-1) per dose) was given intravenously to sixteen Wistar albino rats (eight control and eight treatment rats) on day 1 and at week 3. At week 5 intraperitoneal immunoglobulin (1 g kg(-1) per dose) was given to the treatment group on two consecutive days whereas the control group received intraperitoneal saline solution. In both treatment and control groups urinary protein excretion was significantly elevated after administration of adriamycin (P=0.018). Urinary protein excretion, serum albumin, and triglyceride levels in the two groups were not significantly different after 5, 8, 12, and 16 weeks. Serum creatinine levels were higher and creatinine clearance was significantly lower in the control group in week 16 (P=0.001 and P=0.049, respectively). Glomerular sclerosis index was significantly lower in the treatment group (P=0.012). Although intraperitoneal high-dose immunoglobulin did not reverse biochemical results, it is encouraging that glomerular sclerosis index was significantly lower in the treatment group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyhan Erisir
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Knezevic-Maramica
- Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Braun-Moscovici Y, Furst DE. Immunoglobulin for rheumatic diseases in the twenty-first century: take it or leave it? Curr Opin Rheumatol 2003; 15:237-45. [PMID: 12707576 DOI: 10.1097/00002281-200305000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There is no simple answer to the question: intravenous immunoglobulin-take it or leave it? A thorough review of the current data on mechanisms of action, efficacy, and safety of intravenous immunoglobulins in rheumatic diseases demonstrates that the answer depends on the disease and the patients involved.
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Gómez-Puerta J, Cucho Venegas M, Cervera Segura R, Font Franco J. Inmunoglobulinas endovenosas en las enfermedades autoinmunes sistémicas. Rev Clin Esp 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2565(03)71352-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Saydain G, George L, Raoof S. New therapies: plasmapheresis, intravenous immunoglobulin, and monoclonal antibodies. Crit Care Clin 2002; 18:957-75. [PMID: 12418449 DOI: 10.1016/s0749-0704(02)00028-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatologic emergencies may pose a serious threat to life, and the treatment of patients with these illnesses continues to be challenging. In the last decade extensive animal and human research has led to development of new therapies. Considerable progress has been made in the therapy for RA. Newly developed biologic therapies have shown promising results in clinical studies, and two agents have already been approved by the FDA. These drugs are currently available for therapy and are under close postmarketing scrutiny to assess long-term efficacy and safety. Similar therapies are under investigation for SLE. Plasmapheresis, once used for many diseases, is now restricted mostly to conditions for which its use has been shown to be beneficial in randomized, controlled studies. Immunoadsorption is used to target specific disease-producing pathogens for removal during extracorporeal therapy. Evidence is accumulating for the use of IVIGs in several immune-mediated conditions. The outlook for some emergencies continues be grim, however, and various therapies are used based on evidence from anecdotal case reports and case series. The new therapies are relatively safe, but careful monitoring is needed, because there is potential for serious adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Saydain
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, 2201 Hempstead Turnpike, East Meadow, NY 11554, USA.
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Abstract
This article reviews and cites only publications relating to the management of lupus that have appeared since 1999. The data in these publications demonstrate that preventive and proactive strategies are as important as medication in improving the quality of life and life span of the patient with lupus. The use of lasers and thalidomide represents major advances in cutaneous lupus. The first major study over 25 years using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to manage lupus suggests benefits. Further evidence was presented showing that dehydroepiandrosterone, leflunomide, and methotrexate are effective in treating mild to moderate disease. Various iterations and modifications of traditional cyclophosphamide therapy with or without mycophenolate mofetil, cyclosporine, and azathioprine continue to be studied for treating organ-threatening disease. Intravenous gamma globulin and selective apheresis are niche therapies appropriate in a few, highly selected patients. Immunoablative doses of cyclophosphamide appear to be as effective as stem cell transplantation for serious disease resistant to conventional doses of cyclophosphamide. Twelve biologic agents have been studied in lupus since 1999, with only LJP-394 showing clear-cut, convincing efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Wallace
- Cedars-Sinai/UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
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