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Essouma M. Autoimmune inflammatory myopathy biomarkers. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 553:117742. [PMID: 38176522 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The autoimmune inflammatory myopathy disease spectrum, commonly known as myositis, is a group of systemic diseases that mainly affect the muscles, skin and lungs. Biomarker assessment helps in understanding disease mechanisms, allowing for the implementation of precise strategies in the classification, diagnosis, and management of these diseases. This review examines the pathogenic mechanisms and highlights current data on blood and tissue biomarkers of autoimmune inflammatory myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Essouma
- Network of Immunity in Infections, Malignancy and Autoimmunity, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Cameroon
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Karasawa R, Yudoh K, Sato T, Tanaka M, Sabbagh SE, Flegel WA, Mammen AL, Jarvis JN, Rider LG. Association of anti-TPM4 autoantibodies with vasculopathic cutaneous manifestations in juvenile dermatomyositis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:3757-3762. [PMID: 37144941 PMCID: PMC10629777 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES AECAs are detected in multiple forms of vasculitis or vasculopathy, including JDM. High levels of tropomyosin alpha-4 chain (TPM4) gene expression in cutaneous lesions and TPM4 protein expression in some endothelial cells (ECs) have been proven. Furthermore, the presence of autoantibodies to tropomyosin proteins have been discovered in DM. We therefore investigated whether anti-TPM4 autoantibodies are an AECA in JDM and are correlated with clinical features of JDM. METHODS The expression of TPM4 protein in cultured normal human dermal microvascular ECs was investigated by Western blotting. Plasma samples from 63 children with JDM, 50 children with polyarticular JIA (pJIA) and 40 healthy children (HC) were tested for the presence of anti-TPM4 autoantibodies using an ELISA. Clinical features were compared between JDM patients with and without anti-TPM4 autoantibodies. RESULTS Autoantibodies to TPM4 were detected in the plasma of 30% of JDM, 2% of pJIA (P < 0.0001) and 0% of HC (P < 0.0001). In JDM, anti-TPM4 autoantibodies were associated with the presence of cutaneous ulcers (53%; P = 0.02), shawl sign rash (47%; P = 0.03), mucous membrane lesions (84%; P = 0.04) and subcutaneous edema (42%; P < 0.05). Anti-TPM4 autoantibodies significantly correlated with the use of intravenous steroids and IVIG therapy in JDM (both P = 0.01). The total number of medications received was higher in patients with anti-TPM4 autoantibodies (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION Anti-TPM4 autoantibodies are detected frequently in children with JDM and are novel myositis-associated autoantibodies. Their presence correlates with vasculopathic and other cutaneous manifestations of JDM that may be indicative of more refractory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Karasawa
- Department of Frontier Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yudoh
- Department of Frontier Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Toshiko Sato
- Department of Frontier Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Megumi Tanaka
- Department of Frontier Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Sara E Sabbagh
- Muscle Disease Unit, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Willy A Flegel
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew L Mammen
- Muscle Disease Unit, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James N Jarvis
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Genetics, Genomics, and Bioinformatics Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Lisa G Rider
- Environmental Autoimmunity Group, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Mutoh T, Shrai T, Fujii H. Comment on: Association of anti-HSC70 autoantibodies with cutaneous ulceration and severe disease in juvenile dermatomyositis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:e323-e324. [PMID: 36218414 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Mutoh
- Department of Rheumatology, Osaki Citizen Hospital, Osaki, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shrai
- Department of Rheumatology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujii
- Department of Rheumatology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Xu S, Hu X, Wang J, Xu Q, Han Z, Zhou H, Gao M. Polymyositis and dermatomyositis biomarkers. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 547:117443. [PMID: 37329941 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) are the two subtypes of idiopathic inflammatory myositis and are characterized as symmetrical progressive muscle weakness in the proximal extremities. PM/DM affect multiple organs and systems, including the cardiovascular, respiratory and digestive tract systems. An in-depth understanding of PM/DM biomarkers will facilitate development of simple and accurate strategies for diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis prediction. This review summarized the classic biomarkers of PM/DM, including anti-aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (ARS) antibody, anti-Mi-2 antibody, anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) antibody, anti-transcription intermediary factor 1-γ (TIF1-γ) antibody, anti-nuclear matrix protein 2 (NXP2) antibody, among others. Among them, anti-aminoacyl tRNA synthetases antibody is the most classic. In addition, many potential novel biomarkers were also discussed in this review, including anti-HSC70 antibody, YKL-40, interferons, myxovirus resistance protein 2, regenerating islet-derived protein 3-α, interleukin (IL)-17, IL-35, microRNA (miR)-1 and so on. Among the biomarkers of PM/DM described in this review, classic biomarkers have become the mainstream biomarkers to assist clinicians in diagnosis due to their early discovery, in-depth research, and widespread application. The novel biomarkers also have potential and broad research prospects, which will make immeasurable contributions to exploring biomarker-based classification standards and expanding their application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyue Xu
- Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaowei Hu
- Xinwu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiangwei Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhijun Han
- Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China; Department of Clinical Research Center, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Mingzhu Gao
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China; Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.
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Cheng L, Zhan H, Liu Y, Chen H, Zhang F, Zheng W, Li Y. Infectious agents and pathogenesis of Behçet's disease: An extensive review. Clin Immunol 2023; 251:109631. [PMID: 37127189 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Behçet's disease (BD) is a multisystemic chronic vasculitis. Sustained and enhanced immune responses were reportedly associated with active BD. Although genetic polymorphisms increase development risk, genetic factors alone cannot account for BD development, suggesting the involvement of exogenous factors. Also, how various infectious agents promote BD in high-risk populations is not fully understood. In this review, we summarized the current findings on the associations of infectious agents with BD pathogenesis. The review also highlights the potential microbial risk factors and their pathogenic role in BD progression. Interactions between genetic and infectious risk factors was also discussed. Furthermore, evidence implied that after the eradication of infectious agents, BD symptoms and recurrence decreased, thus highlighting that combined use of antibiotics may be an effective therapy for BD. Finally, we summarized the main limitation of the current related studies, providing valuable insights and a basis for future studies on BD pathogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haoting Zhan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Fengchun Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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