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Kimball JS, Woodard D, Gulbrandsen MT, Jobe CM, Phipatanakul WP, Syed HM. Patients With Intact Shoulder Superior Capsular Reconstruction Grafts on Ultrasound Show Significant Improvement in Functional Outcomes at Minimum 2-Year Follow-up. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil 2024; 6:100857. [PMID: 38288033 PMCID: PMC10823090 DOI: 10.1016/j.asmr.2023.100857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the utility of using dynamic ultrasound for postoperative evaluation after superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) by evaluating graft integrity and its correlation with clinical outcomes at a minimum 2-year follow-up. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted to identify patients who underwent SCR between July 2015 and July 2020 with a minimum 2-year clinical and ultrasound follow-up. Clinical outcome measures included Simple Shoulder (SS) and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon (ASES) scores. Integrity of the SCR graft was evaluated by dynamic ultrasound. Results We evaluated 22 shoulders in 21 patients with a mean follow-up of 44.8 months (range, 24-71 months). The graft was found to be intact by ultrasound evaluation in 82% (18/22). Patients with intact grafts had higher mean SS (11.6 vs 7.8, P = .00079) and ASES (91.2 vs 64.1, P = .0296) scores at latest follow-up compared to those with failed grafts. Those with intact grafts also had significant improvement in SS (3.7 vs 11.6, P < .00001) and ASES (23.2 vs 91.2, P < .00001) scores at latest follow-up compared to their preoperative scores. In contrast, patients with graft failure had no significant improvement in SS (6.3 vs 9.0, P = .123) and ASES (40.4 vs 58.3, P = .05469) scores at latest follow-up compared to their preoperative scores. There was no difference between clinical outcomes at 6 to 12 months vs latest follow-up for both SS (P = .11, P = .5) and ASES (P = .27, P = .21) scores. Conclusions SCR grafts were found by ultrasound to be intact in 82% of cases. Patients with intact grafts on ultrasound had significant improvement in functional outcome scores while those with graft failure did not. Functional outcome scores suggest that maximal recovery from this procedure occurs by 6 to 12 months. Level of Evidence Level IV, therapeutic case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff S. Kimball
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, U.S.A
| | - David Woodard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, U.S.A
| | - Matthew T. Gulbrandsen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, U.S.A
| | - Christopher M. Jobe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, U.S.A
- Veterans Administration Loma Linda, Loma Linda, California, U.S.A
| | - Wesley P. Phipatanakul
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, U.S.A
| | - Hasan M. Syed
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, U.S.A
- Veterans Administration Loma Linda, Loma Linda, California, U.S.A
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Valle A, Mahmood SN. Current State of Ultrasound Training in US Rheumatology Fellowships. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2023; 75:2245-2247. [PMID: 36971256 DOI: 10.1002/acr.25120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Valle
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
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Neubauer R, Recker F, Bauer CJ, Brossart P, Schäfer VS. The Current Situation of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Education: A Systematic Literature Review. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2023; 49:1363-1374. [PMID: 36941182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
As a radiation-free and dynamic imaging tool, musculoskeletal ultrasound improves diagnostic and therapeutic safety. With its growing application, the demand for training opportunities rises rapidly. Therefore, this work was aimed at mapping the current state of musculoskeletal ultrasonography education. A systematic literature search was conducted in January 2022 in the medical databases Embase, PubMed and Google Scholar. By use of specifically selected keywords, matching publications were filtered; then abstracts were screened independently by two authors and the inclusion of each publication was checked against pre-defined criteria according to the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes) scheme. Full-text versions of included publications were reviewed, and relevant information was extracted. Finally, 67 publications were included. Our results revealed a wide variety of course concepts and programs that have been implemented in different disciplines. Musculoskeletal ultrasonography training especially addresses residents in rheumatology, radiology and physical medicine and rehabilitation. International institutions, such as the European League Against Rheumatism and the Pan-American League of Associations for Rheumatology, have suggested guidelines and curricula to promote standardized ultrasound training. The development of alternative teaching methods incorporating e-learning, peer teaching and distance learning on mobile ultrasound devices and the determination of international guidelines could facilitate overcoming the remaining obstacles still to be passed. In conclusion, it can be stated that there is a broad consensus that standardized musculoskeletal ultrasound curricula would improve training and facilitate the implementation of new training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricarda Neubauer
- Clinic of Internal Medicine III, Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Florian Recker
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Claus Juergen Bauer
- Clinic of Internal Medicine III, Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Brossart
- Clinic of Internal Medicine III, Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Valentin Sebastian Schäfer
- Clinic of Internal Medicine III, Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Rheumatology education in India: a survey-based cross sectional study. Rheumatol Int 2021; 41:1773-1783. [PMID: 34357454 PMCID: PMC8343210 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-021-04962-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at understanding the perception and perspectives of rheumatology trainees about specialist training in India. Rheumatology trainees (Doctorate of Medicine, Diplomate of National Board) in Indian universities (2010 onwards) were contacted to complete a validated e-survey consisting of 41 questions to evaluate the current rheumatology training in India. Of 53 respondents (M:F 3.4:1, mean age 37 years ± 12.7), 81.1% trained at government hospitals, and 15.1% trained at private hospitals. During training period, 37.5% respondents were exposed to 6–7 h of didactics/week. They treated nearly 175 patients (175 ± 35.4) per week and reported a reasonable level of independence in management of patients with common rheumatic diseases (RDs) during their training (7.5 ± 0.7 SD). However, nearly one-third of the trainees were not exposed to basic immunology and laboratory techniques. Similarly, placement in the radiology department was not a part of the curriculum for nearly half of the trainees, 80% were not confident to manage paediatric RDs and soft tissue rheumatism. Almost 60% did not feel comfortable in addressing ancillary care including patient counselling as they had not received formal training. Among the participants, 59% were not satisfied by the current system of assessment, 86.8% suggested for multiple time point-based assessment systems and 45.3% preferred objective and subjective assessment in final examinations. Rheumatology training in India offers notable exposure to patients and independence in managing cases. However, there is an unmet need for improvement in training in the field of laboratory, radiology and ancillary care, and to overhaul assessment system by including objective evaluation.
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Atchia I, Brown AK, Chitale S, Ciechomska A, Estrach C, Karim Z, Wakefield RJ. Recommendations for rheumatology ultrasound training and practice in the UK. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:2647-2652. [PMID: 33167033 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper is to present a UK-based consensus of principles and recommendations to guide rheumatology US training and practice. METHOD A Delphi process was conducted involving 19 US experts representing each of the 14 regions of the UK. A working group of experienced British Society for Rheumatology Ultrasound Special Interest Group (BSRUSSIG) members made seven proposals that were presented to the whole group for further discussion. This resulted in minor modifications and seven preliminary recommendations. Members were then asked to anonymously agree or disagree with each recommendation using an electronic ballot. A threshold of 75% was used to determine consensus agreement. Results were collated by an independent chairperson and presented to the BSRUSSIG in a face to face meeting where agreement for each recommendation was ratified and an action plan agreed for dissemination of the results and future development work. RESULTS Using a validated process, experts in rheumatology US have worked through an iterative process and have unanimously agreed seven recommendations for rheumatology training and practice. These cover a hierarchy of practice indications, education and training, including the need for practitioners to demonstrate lifelong learning, as well as a commitment to support mentors and trainers through the BSRUSSIG. CONCLUSION These are the first specific education and practice recommendations for rheumatology US in the UK and have been developed and endorsed by the BSRUSSIG. We intend that these proposals will help to support and validate rheumatology US practice and inform the development of future rheumatology training curricula and education programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismaël Atchia
- Rheumatology Department, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Northumbria, UK
| | | | - Sarang Chitale
- Rheumatology, Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan, UK
| | | | - Cristina Estrach
- Rheumatology, Liverpool University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Zunaid Karim
- Rheumatology, Mid Yorkshire NHS Trust, Yorkshire, UK
| | - Richard J Wakefield
- Department of Rheumatology, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds, UK
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Widener BB, Cannella A, Martirossian L, Kissin EY. Modern Landscapes and Strategies for Learning Ultrasound in Rheumatology. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2019; 46:61-71. [PMID: 31757287 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound in rheumatology is gaining increasing acceptance in the field, with its use expanding beyond the musculoskeletal system to image rheumatic disease pathology of the vasculature, salivary glands, and lungs. Fellows in training and practicing clinicians are seeking ways to attain training and competency assessment. These standards are evolving, but no uniform mechanism for training exists. Although clinicians in practice find a wide array of resources available for self-directed education in ultrasound in rheumatology, a consensus-based and publicly available training curriculum can further enhance and standardize learning. This article discusses ultrasound in rheumatology education opportunities, competency assessment, and certification pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Widener
- 986270 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6270, USA; Omaha Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amy Cannella
- Omaha Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; UNMC Rheumatology, 986270 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6270, USA
| | - Linett Martirossian
- Division of Rheumatology, Boston University Medical Center, 72 East Concord Street, Evans 506, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eugene Y Kissin
- Division of Rheumatology, Boston University Medical Center, 72 East Concord Street, Evans 506, Boston, MA, USA.
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Akram Q. Training issues in ultrasound and the benefits of an International Fellowship. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018; 57:947-948. [PMID: 28505343 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qasim Akram
- Department of Rheumatology and Medicine, Health Education North West, Manchester, UK
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Gutierrez M, Hernandez-Diaz C, Ventura-Rios L, Saldarriaga-Rivera LM, Ruta S, Alva M, -Trujillo CM, Pérez W, Terrazas H, del Carmen Arape Toyo R, Quintero M, Solano C, Santiago OS, Sotomayor JGH, Cefferino C, Py GE, Audisio MJ, Spindler WJ, Berman H, Airoldi C, Wong R, del Castillo Araujo ALÁ, Díaz ME, Villaquiran CC, Mantilla RD, Mendonça JA, da Silveira IG, do Prado AD, Bisi MC, Rosario V, Medrano-Sánchez J, Muñoz-Louis R, Lozada-Navarro AC, Bernal A, Lozano M, Pineda C. How is the ultrasound in rheumatology used, implemented, and applied in Latin American centers? Results from a multicenter study. Clin Rheumatol 2016; 35:2893-2900. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-016-3382-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sully K, Schaefer M, Allen A, Werntz CL, Ma G, Sayeed Y. Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Use Among Occupational Medicine Practitioners at the American Occupational Health Conference. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 58:e315-7. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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The Role of Power Doppler Ultrasonography as Disease Activity Marker in Rheumatoid Arthritis. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:325909. [PMID: 26063952 PMCID: PMC4433665 DOI: 10.1155/2015/325909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Structural damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) occurs early if inflammation is not treated promptly. Treatment targeted to reduce inflammation, in particular, that of synovial inflammation in the joints (synovitis), has been recommended as standard treat-to-target recommendations by rheumatologists. The goal is to achieve disease remission (i.e., no disease activity). Several accepted remission criteria have not always equated to the complete absence of true inflammation. Over the last decade, musculoskeletal ultrasonography has been demonstrated to detect subclinical synovitis not appreciated by routine clinical or laboratory assessments, with the Power Doppler modality allowing clinicians to more readily appreciate true inflammation. Thus, targeting therapy to Power Doppler activity may provide superior outcomes compared with treating to clinical targets alone, making it an attractive marker of disease activity in RA. However, more validation on its true benefits such as its benefits to patients in regard to patient related outcomes and issues with standardized training in acquisition and interpretation of power Doppler findings are required.
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Abstract
For decades, diagnostic imaging in rheumatology has used conventional radiography. Over the past 10 years, MRI and ultrasonography have clearly shown their potential in diagnostic imaging in rheumatology and their use is revolutionizing the management of chronic arthritis, revealing subclinical inflammation and predicting progression of joint damage. Although validation processes for these imaging modalities are still ongoing, several investigations have now established the positive correlation between subclinical synovitis and radiographic progression of joint damage. Despite the available evidence and the diagnostic potential, there remains a substantial proportion of rheumatologists for whom MRI and ultrasonography findings do not influence their clinical decision-making. This Perspectives will discuss the key issues related to diagnostic imaging in patients with chronic arthritis, outlining how new imaging techniques have evolved over the past two decades and presenting the most attractive technological advances in this field.
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12
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Ultrasound dimensions of the rotator cuff in young healthy adults. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2014; 23:1107-12. [PMID: 24439247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No studies have looked at the rotator cuff dimensions in the young healthy population using ultrasonography. Our aim is to define the ultrasound dimensions of the rotator cuff in the healthy young adult population and explore correlations with other patient characteristics. METHODS Thirty male and 30 female healthy volunteers (aged 18-40 years), with no shoulder problems, underwent ultrasound assessment of both shoulders by a musculoskeletal radiologist. The dimensions of the rotator cuff, deltoid, and biceps were measured in a standardized manner. RESULTS A total of 120 shoulders were scanned. The mean maximum width of the supraspinatus footprint was 14.9 mm in men and 13.5 mm in women (P < .001). The mean thickness of the supraspinatus tendon was 4.9 mm in women and 5.6 mm in men. The mean thickness of the subscapularis was 4.4 in men and 3.8 mm in women and for the infraspinatus was 4.9 mm in men and 4.4 mm in women. There was no correlation between height, weight, biceps, or deltoid thickness with any tendon measurements. Apart from supraspinatus tendon thickness, the difference between dominant and nondominant shoulders in the same sex was not significant for any other tendon dimensions. CONCLUSION This study has defined the dimensions of the rotator cuff in the young healthy adult, which has not been previously published. This is important for the documentation of normal ultrasound anatomy of the rotator cuff and also demonstrates that the asymptomatic contralateral shoulder can and should be used to estimate the expected dimensions.
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13
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Delle Sedie A, Riente L, Bombardieri S. Limits and perspectives of ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of rheumatic diseases. Mod Rheumatol 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/s10165-008-0046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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14
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Gutiérrez M, Di Geso L, Rovisco J, Di Carlo M, Ariani A, Filippucci E, Grassi W. Ultrasound learning curve in gout: a disease-oriented training program. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2013; 65:1265-74. [PMID: 23509029 DOI: 10.1002/acr.22009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the learning curve of rheumatologists with limited experience using ultrasound (US) attending an intensive disease-oriented training program focusing on the skills required to obtain and interpret US signs of monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposits in joint and periarticular tissues. METHODS Three investigators participated in a 7-day training program involving 12 men with gout. The agreement between the expert and beginners was calculated in 4 sessions involving 8 patients with gout. The US assessment was performed at the second and third metacarpophalangeal joints, knee, tibiotalar and first metatarsophalangeal joints, second and third finger flexors, quadriceps and patellar posterior tibialis, peroneus longus and brevis, and Achilles tendons. The presence or absence of synovial fluid/synovial hypertrophy, double contour sign, intra- or periarticular and intratendinous tophi, bursitis, bone erosions, and tendon tears was recorded. RESULTS A total of 416 anatomic sites were studied. Kappa values and overall agreement percentages of qualitative assessments of US gout findings at the end of the exercise both showed moderate to excellent agreement, while in the first session they showed poor/fair agreement. At the end of the training session, sensitivity, specificity, and capability of the beginners were also improved. CONCLUSION After 1 week of the disease-oriented training program, rheumatologists with limited experience in US were satisfactorily able to detect and interpret the main US signs indicative of MSU crystal deposits at different tissues in patients with gout.
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Abstract
Sonography has made substantial technological improvements over the years, removing many of the barriers to its application in evaluation of the musculoskeletal (MSK) system. Sonography offers the advantages of a dynamic, real-time evaluation that routinely incorporates patient movement, evaluation of MSK structures in symptomatic positions with real-time feedback from patients, and a patient-friendly, noninvasive imaging modality. However, educational standards and efficacy of musculoskeletal ultrasonography (MSUS) have demonstrated as much variance as published reports of MSUS accuracy and interobserver agreement. This review focuses on the available literature on MSUS utilization and training and the need for development of international standards and protocols that will serve to improve clinical application and interpretation as well as the quality of research, improving reliability and reproducibility of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tia Mapes-Gonnella
- Adventist University of Health Sciences & St. Elizabeth Health Care, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Abstract
Over the last decade, increasing numbers of rheumatologists have incorporated musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) as a valuable diagnostic tool into their clinical practice. Some countries have established training programmes for MSUS. The European League Against Rheumatism has developed education guidelines for the content and conductance of MSUS courses and it would be useful to standardise rheumatology MSUS training worldwide. A thorough knowledge of anatomy, US physics and technology, US scanning methods, US pattern of normal and pathological musculoskeletal tissues, definitions for US pathology, artefacts and pitfalls in both greyscale and Doppler modalities is necessary to perform efficient MSUS. MSUS training includes attending theoretical-practical and online courses, as well as studying textbooks and using digital video discs (DVDs). Having access to US equipment and performing supervised normal and pathological MSUS examinations for a training period are mandatory for consolidating MSUS learning. A proposal to accredit and certificate competence in MSUS is now being discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Iagnocco
- Rheumatology Unit, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome 00161, Italy.
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Boyce SH, Murray AD, Jeffrey M. A review of musculoskeletal ultrasound training guidelines and recommendations for sport and exercise medicine physicians. ULTRASOUND 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1742271x13489551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sport and exercise medicine (SEM) physicians are increasingly using musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSK US) in their clinical practice, but are they competent to do so? No formal training accreditation programme exists and courses are of variable length and quality. Training standards for other specialties practising MSK US are reviewed in the UK, Europe and Worldwide. Recommendations are given for training standards for UK SEM physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- SH Boyce
- Sport & Exercise Medicine Registrars, Emergency Department, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - AD Murray
- Sport & Exercise Medicine Registrars, Emergency Department, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Jeffrey
- Sport & Exercise Medicine Registrars, Emergency Department, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
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Ellegaard K, Torp-Pedersen S, Christensen R, Stoltenberg M, Hansen A, Lorenzen T, Jensen DV, Lindegaard H, Juul L, Røgind H, Bülow P, Chrysidis S, Kowalski M, Danneskiold-Samsoe B, Bliddal H. Feasibility of a standardized ultrasound examination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a quality improvement among rheumatologists cohort. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2012; 13:35. [PMID: 22410241 PMCID: PMC3414749 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-13-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quality improvement is important to facilitate valid patient outcomes. Standardized examination procedures may improve the validity of US. The aim of this study was to investigate the learning progress for rheumatologists during training of US examination of the hand in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Rheumatologists with varying degrees of experience in US were instructed by skilled tutors. The program consisted of two days with hands-on training followed by personal US examinations performed in their individual clinics. Examinations were sent to the tutors for quality control. The US examinations were evaluated according to a scoring sheet containing 144 items. An acceptable examination was defined as > 80% correct scores. Results Thirteen rheumatologists participated in the study. They included a total of 104 patients with RA. Only few of the initial examinations were scored below 80%, and as experience increased, the scores improved (p = 0.0004). A few participants displayed decreasing scores. The mean time spent performing the standardized examination procedure decreased from 34 min to less than 10 minutes (p = 0.0001). Conclusion With systematic hands-on training, a rheumatologist can achieve a high level of proficiency in the conduction of US examinations of the joints of the hand in patients with RA. With experience, examination time decreases, while the level of correctness is maintained. The results indicate that US may be applied as a valid measurement tool suitable for clinical practice and in both single- and multi-centre trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Ellegaard
- The Parker Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.
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Miguel C, De Miguel E, Batlle-Gualda E, Rejón E, Lojo L. Teaching enthesis ultrasound: experience of an ultrasound training workshop. Rheumatol Int 2011; 32:4047-52. [PMID: 21915758 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-011-2082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate a standardised enthesis ultrasound training method, a workshop was conducted to train rheumatologists on enthesis ultrasound. After a theoretical session about ultrasound elementary enthesis lesions (changes in tendon architecture/thickness, bone proliferation/erosion, bursitis or Doppler signal), a reading exercise of 28 entheses' ultrasonographic images (plantar fasciae, Achilles, origin and insertion of patellar tendon) was completed. Participants scored through an electronic multiple-choice device with six possible lesions in each enthesis. To assess the adequacy and efficacy of the workshop, we explored the following: (1) subjective outcomes: a 12-item structured satisfaction questionnaire (graded 1-5 using Likert scale) and (2) objective outcomes of reliability: sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp) and percentage of correctly classified cases (CC). Forty-nine participants attended the workshop. The satisfaction questionnaire demonstrated a 4.7 mean global value. The inter-reader Kappa reliability coefficient was moderate for the plantar fascia (0.47), Achilles tendon (0.47), and distal patellar tendons (0.50) and good for the proximal patellar tendon (0.63). The whole group means comparing to teachers' consensus were as follows: (a) plantar fascia: Se, 73.2%; Sp, 87.7%; CC, 83.3%; (b) Achilles: Se, 66.9%; Sp, 85.0%; CC, 79.5%; (c) distal patellar tendon: Se, 74.6%; Sp, 85.3%; CC, 82.1%; and (d) proximal patellar tendon: Se, 82.2%; Sp, 90.6%; CC, 88%. The proposed learning method seemed to be simple, easily performed, effective and well accepted by the target audience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Miguel
- Rheumatology Unit, Instituto Português de Reumatologia, Rua Beneficência 7, 1050-034 Lisbon, Portugal.
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Smith TO, Back T, Toms AP, Hing CB. Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for rotator cuff tears in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Radiol 2011; 66:1036-48. [PMID: 21737069 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2011.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound to detect partial and complete thickness rotator cuff tears based on all available clinical trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electronic search of databases registering published and unpublished literature was conducted. All diagnostic accuracy studies that directly compared the accuracy of ultrasound (the index test) to either arthroscopic or open surgical findings (the reference test) for rotator cuff tear were included. The methodological quality of each included study was assessed using the QUADAS form. When appropriate, pooled sensitivity and specificity analysis was conducted, with an assessment of the summary receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for each analysis. RESULTS Sixty-two studies assessing 6007 patients and 6066 shoulders were included. Ultrasonography had good sensitivity and specificity for the assessment of partial thickness (sensitivity 0.84; specificity 0.89), and full-thickness rotator cuff tears (sensitivity 0.96; specificity 0.93). However, the literature poorly described population characteristics, assessor blinding, and was based on limited sample sizes. The literature assessing transducer frequency was particularly small in size. CONCLUSION Ultrasonography is an appropriate radiological technique for the assessment of rotator cuff tears with an acceptable sensitivity and specificity. The diagnostic test accuracy of ultrasound is superior for the detection of full-thickness compared to partial-thickness cuff tears. Further study assessing the effect of transducer frequency is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- T O Smith
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
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Gutierrez M, Filippucci E, Ruta S, Salaffi F, Blasetti P, Di Geso L, Grassi W. Inter-observer reliability of high-resolution ultrasonography in the assessment of bone erosions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: experience of an intensive dedicated training programme. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010; 50:373-80. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Naredo E, D’Agostino MA, Conaghan PG, Backhaus M, Balint P, Bruyn GAW, Filippucci E, Grassi W, Hammer HB, Iagnocco A, Kane D, Koski JM, Szkudlarek M, Terslev L, Wakefield RJ, Ziswiler HR, Schmidt WA. Current state of musculoskeletal ultrasound training and implementation in Europe: results of a survey of experts and scientific societies. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010; 49:2438-43. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Pan-American League of Associations for Rheumatology (PANLAR) recommendations and guidelines for musculoskeletal ultrasound training in the Americas for rheumatologists. J Clin Rheumatol 2010; 16:113-8. [PMID: 20375820 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0b013e3181d60053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop guidelines for Musculoskeletal Ultrasound (MSKUS) training for rheumatologists in the Americas. METHODS A total of 25 Rheumatologists from 19 countries of the American Continent participated in a consensus-based interactive process (Delphi method) using 2 consecutive electronic questionnaires. The first questionnaire included the following: the relevance of organizing courses to teach MSKUS to Rheumatologists, the determination of the most effective educational course models, the trainee levels, the educational objectives, the requirements for passing the course(s), the course venues, the number of course participants per instructor, and the percentage of time spent in hands-on sessions. The second questionnaire consisted of questions that did not achieve consensus (>65%) in the first questionnaire, topics, and pathologies to be covered at each course MSKUS level. RESULTS General consensus was obtained for MSKUS courses to be divided into 3 educational levels: basic, intermediate, and advanced. These courses should be taught using a theoretical-didactic and hands-on model. In addition, the group established the minimum requirements for attending and passing each MSKUS course level, the ideal number of course participants per instructor (4 participants/instructor), and the specific topics and musculoskeletal pathologies to be covered. In the same manner, the group concluded that 60% to 70% of course time should be focused on hands-on sessions. CONCLUSION A multinational group of MSKUS sonographers using a consensus-based questionnaire (Delphi method) established the first recommendations and guidelines for MSKUS course training in the Americas. Pan-American League of Associations for Rheumatology urges that these guidelines and recommendations be adopted in the future by both national and regional institutions in the American continent involved in the training of Rheumatologists for the performance of MSKUS.
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Denying Payments for Musculoskeletal Ultrasound: How Did We Get Here? J Am Coll Radiol 2010; 7:553-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2010.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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McKiernan S, Chiarelli P, Warren-Forward H. Diagnostic ultrasound use in physiotherapy, emergency medicine, and anaesthesiology. Radiography (Lond) 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ultrasound in American Rheumatology Practice: Report of the American College of Rheumatology Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Task Force. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2010; 62:1206-19. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.20241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Edwards H. Let's All Jump on the Ultrasound Bandwagon: Further Debate on the Use of Ultrasound. ULTRASOUND 2010. [DOI: 10.1258/ult.2009.009003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
No imaging technique is more popular or more in demand than ultrasound. But should it be considered a specialist technique to be employed only by highly trained professionals or as a readily available tool to be used by many? This paper will discuss some of the implications of having ultrasound performed by a range of individuals and will emphasize the importance of training and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Edwards
- Department of Radiology, Lister Hospital, Corey's Mill Lane, Stevenage SG1 4AB, UK
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Abstract
Over the last decade, increasing numbers of rheumatologists have incorporated musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) as a valuable diagnostic tool into their clinical practice. Some countries have established training programmes for MSUS. The European League Against Rheumatism has developed education guidelines for the content and conducting of MSUS courses and it would be useful to standardize rheumatology MSUS training worldwide. A thorough knowledge of sectional anatomy, ultrasound physics and technology, joint US scanning methods, the sonographic pattern of normal and pathological musculoskeletal tissues, artefacts, diagnostic criteria and Doppler technique are necessary to perform efficient MSUS. MSUS training includes attending theoretical and practical courses, as well as studying textbooks, DVDs or websites. Having access to US equipment and performing supervised normal and pathological MSUS examinations for a training period is mandatory for consolidating MSUS learning. A proposal to accredit and certificate competence in MSUS is now being discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Naredo
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain.
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Taggart AJ, Wright SA, Ball E, Kane D, Wright G. The Belfast musculoskeletal ultrasound course. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2009; 48:1073-6. [PMID: 19433435 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kep075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To conduct a training course in musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) for rheumatologists in Northern Ireland with the aim of equipping the participants with a basic knowledge of the theoretical and practical aspects of MSUS as they are applied to rheumatology. METHODS Between September 2007 and June 2008, 10 rheumatologists attended a course in basic MSUS that was delivered by 7 rheumatologists with experience in MSUS. The course consisted of five separate modules that included tutorials on MSUS, self-directed learning of scanning techniques and personal mentoring. Progress was monitored throughout the course by the use of personal logbooks. Competency was formally assessed using the Royal College of Physicians' Direct Operational Procedural Skills (DOPS) assessment and an exit examination. RESULTS Five trainees completed the entire course and passed both the practical and written elements of the exit examination. All were deemed to have attained a basic level of competency in MSUS. The main obstacle to completion of the course was a lack of scanning practice and an inability to complete the required number of scans and DOPS assessments. Participants were more likely to fulfil the requirements of the course if they were employed full time in the regional rheumatology unit where the course was based. All participants reported high levels of confidence in their basic scanning skills at the conclusion of the course. They also felt that the training enhanced their clinical examination skills and their understanding of musculoskeletal anatomy. CONCLUSIONS A basic MSUS training course can be successfully delivered using a modular design that takes account of the trainee's level of experience and their work schedule. Important elements of such a course should include personal mentoring and the recording of scanning activity using a logbook. Periodic assessment of the trainee's performance is a useful means to motivate learning. Basic training in MSUS should become an accepted part of the routine training of rheumatologists in the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allister J Taggart
- Regional Rheumatology Unit, Musgrave Park Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Diagnostic and Interventional Musculoskeletal Ultrasound: Part 1. Fundamentals. PM R 2009; 1:64-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2008.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Revised: 08/28/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ultrasonography in osteoarthritis: recent advances and prospects for the future. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2008; 20:560-4. [DOI: 10.1097/bor.0b013e328307f272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wright SA, Bell AL. Enhancement of undergraduate rheumatology teaching through the use of musculoskeletal ultrasound. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2008; 47:1564-6. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ken324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Bowen CJ, Dewbury K, Sampson M, Sawyer S, Burridge J, Edwards CJ, Arden NK. Musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging of the plantar forefoot in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: inter-observer agreement between a podiatrist and a radiologist. J Foot Ankle Res 2008; 1:5. [PMID: 18822149 PMCID: PMC2553775 DOI: 10.1186/1757-1146-1-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) in the diagnosis and management of foot and ankle musculoskeletal pathology is increasing. Due to the wide use of MSUS and the depth and breadth of training required new proposals advocate tailored learning of the technique to discrete fields of practice. The aims of the study were to evaluate the inter-observer agreement between a MSUS radiologist and a podiatrist, who had completed basic skills training in MSUS, in the MSUS assessment of the forefoot of patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. METHODS A consecutive sample of thirty-two patients with rheumatoid arthritis was assessed for presence of synovitis, erosions and bursitis within the forefoot using MSUS. All MSUS assessments were performed independently on the same day by a podiatrist and one of two Consultant Radiologists experienced in MSUS. RESULTS Moderate agreement on image acquisition and interpretation was achieved for bursitis (kappa 0.522; p < 0.01) and erosions (kappa 0.636; p < 0.01) and fair agreement for synovitis (kappa 0.216; p < 0.05) during the primary assessments. Following a further training session, substantial agreement (kappa 0.702) between the two investigators was recorded. The sensitivity of the podiatrist using MSUS was 82.4% for detection of bursitis, 83.0% for detection of erosion and 84.0% for detection of synovitis. Specificity of the podiatrist using MSUS was 88.9% for detection of bursitis, 80.7% for detection of erosion and 35.9% for detection of synovitis. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated good inter-observer agreement between a podiatrist and radiologist on MSUS assessment of the forefoot, particularly for bursitis and erosions, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. There is scope to further evaluate and consider the role of podiatrists in the MSUS imaging of the foot following appropriate training and also in the development of reliable protocols for MSUS assessment of the foot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Bowen
- School of Health Professions and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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Limits and perspectives of ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of rheumatic diseases. Mod Rheumatol 2008; 18:125-31. [PMID: 18306005 DOI: 10.1007/s10165-008-0046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal sonography (MSUS) has played a growing role in the diagnosis and management of rheumatic diseases, enabling the imaging of synovitis, bone erosion, and cartilage damage in the early phase of arthritis. "Dynamic" evaluation of tendons and help in guiding needle positioning in interventional manoeuvres are some of the other reasons for its success. MSUS, particularly when coupled with power Doppler (PD) examination, has recently been shown to be an efficient tool for monitoring disease activity and progression in rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, crystal-related arthropathy, and osteoarthritis, with general consensus on its interesting results. More specifically, the PD signal has proved to be a simple and promising tool for short-term monitoring of synovial vascularity changes induced by steroids or biological agents in RA patients. MSUS has some limits, because of the physical properties of US and the quality of the equipment; it is, moreover, an operator-related imaging technique, with few standardized protocols. Future goals should be standardization of the examining approach in grey scale and Doppler ultrasound (US), including use of new equipment (3D US), extensive use in other fields (i.e. connective tissue diseases and vasculitis), and possible new applications (e.g. thoracic US).
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Naredo E, Bijlsma JWJ, Conaghan PG, Acebes C, Balint P, Berner-Hammer H, Bruyn GAW, Collado P, D'Agostino MA, de Agustin JJ, de Miguel E, Filippucci E, Grassi W, Iagnocco A, Kane D, Koski JM, Manger B, Mayordomo L, Möller I, Moragues C, Rejón E, Szkudlarek M, Terslev L, Uson J, Wakefield RJ, Schmidt WA. Recommendations for the content and conduct of European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) musculoskeletal ultrasound courses. Ann Rheum Dis 2007; 67:1017-22. [PMID: 17921183 PMCID: PMC2564786 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2007.082560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop education guidelines for the conduct of future European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) courses. METHODS We undertook a consensus-based, iterative process using two consecutive questionnaires sent to 29 senior ultrasonographer rheumatologists who comprised the faculty of the 14th EULAR ultrasound course (June 2007). The first questionnaire encompassed the following issues: type of MSUS educational model; course timing; course curriculum; course duration; number of participants per teacher in practical sessions; time spent on hands-on sessions; and the requirements and/or restrictions for attendance at the courses. The second questionnaire consisted of questions related to areas where consensus had not been achieved in the first questionnaire, and to the topics and pathologies to be assigned to different educational levels. RESULTS The response rate was 82.7% from the first questionnaire and 87.5% from the second questionnaire. The respondents were from 11 European countries. The group consensus on guidelines and curriculum was for a three-level education model (basic, intermediate and advanced) with timing and location related to the annual EULAR Congresses. The topics and pathologies to be included in each course were agreed. The course duration will be 20 h. There will be a maximum of six participants per teacher and 50-60% of total time will be spent on practical sessions. There was also agreement on prerequisite experience before attending the intermediate and advanced courses. CONCLUSION We have developed European agreed guidelines for the content and conduct of EULAR ultrasound courses, which may also be recommended to national and local MSUS training programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Naredo
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain.
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Cunnington J, Platt P, Raftery G, Kane D. Attitudes of United Kingdom rheumatologists to musculoskeletal ultrasound practice and training. Ann Rheum Dis 2007; 66:1381-3. [PMID: 17502357 PMCID: PMC1994307 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2006.065466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was performed to describe what clinical rheumatologists currently use musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) for, how they are currently training and is the first study to survey rheumatologists to determine their preferences for MSUS training implementation. METHODS 250 questionnaires were distributed at the British Society of Rheumatology Annual General Meeting (BSR AGM), 2005. RESULTS 126 (50%) of questionnaires were completed by UK rheumatologists and were analysed. 117 (93%) of the respondents use MSUS imaging for patient management, with 41 (33%) indicating they perform MSUS themselves. Only two (2%) performed MSUS for >5 years. Rheumatologists use MSUS to image all peripheral joints-particularly the hands and feet-to assess joint and soft tissue inflammation and to guide joint injections. Lack of training in MSUS was the principal reason for not performing MSUS. Respondents expressed a preference for future training to be via a programme of regular sessions, with training delivered by either consultant radiologists or rheumatologists. Mentoring was the educational tool and assessment method of choice. CONCLUSIONS The majority of respondents use MSUS in the management of their patients, with a third performing MSUS themselves. The report indicates rheumatologists' preferences on how training should be delivered in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Cunnington
- School of Clinical and Medical Sciences (Rheumatology), University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Filippucci E, Meenagh G, Ciapetti A, Iagnocco A, Taggart A, Grassi W. E-learning in ultrasonography: a web-based approach. Ann Rheum Dis 2007; 66:962-5. [PMID: 17329310 PMCID: PMC1955091 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2006.064568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To propose e-learning methods that address the fundamental problems related to sonographic training in rheumatology. METHODS The project was designed for rheumatologists with strong motivation to learn ultrasound. A modular approach was constructed, consisting of a basic 3-day residential course, followed by a 6-month period of web-based tutoring, and culminating in a final 2-day residential course with a formal assessment of competency. RESULTS The website (http://www.e-sonography.com) was accessed by all 60 participants. A mean of 20 (range 10-80) log-on sessions were registered for each participant, and a mean of 250 min (range 60-600 min) of web access was recorded. A total of 163 sonographic images were submitted by 18 (30%) participants. The majority of the images focused on the following anatomical areas: shoulder 49 (30%), hand 34 (21%) and knee 20 (12%). A total time investment of approximately 14 h was made by the US tutors over the 6-month period for interaction with the participants. CONCLUSIONS The e-learning methods described in this report represent the first attempt to adopt a novel technique to circumvent several of the inherent barriers to the many facets of teaching musculoskeletal ultrasound to a wide audience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Filippucci
- Department of Rheumatology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60035, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW An update of the latest developments in ultrasonography in rheumatology. Indications, technical aspects and representative examples of the potential of ultrasonography are illustrated. Finally, education and training issues are briefly discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Ultrasonography can be used in rheumatology for a wide spectrum of indications including inflammatory arthritis, tendon pathology, bursitis, disease activity monitoring, disease progression monitoring, guided aspiration and guided injections. Latest-generation ultrasonography systems provide a very sensitive assessment of both grayscale and Doppler findings. The quality of results in ultrasonography is conditioned by a series of elements that include the characteristics of the equipment, knowledge of relevant anatomy and pathology, experience of the sonographer, techniques used and patient positioning. SUMMARY Ultrasonography is challenging the standards of rheumatological clinical practice. It is more sensitive than clinical examination in the detection of synovitis and more sensitive than conventional radiography in the detection of bone erosions. Ultrasonography-guided injections may improve therapy effectiveness if compared with the traditional blind approach. Three-dimensional ultrasonography with a volumetric probe and the power Doppler mode may represent a very useful tool for therapy monitoring in patients with chronic arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Grassi
- Cattedra di Reumatologia, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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Wright SA, Filippucci E, McVeigh C, Grey A, McCarron M, Grassi W, Wright GD, Taggart AJ. High-resolution ultrasonography of the first metatarsal phalangeal joint in gout: a controlled study. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 66:859-64. [PMID: 17185326 PMCID: PMC1955124 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2006.062802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare high-resolution ultrasound (HRUS) with conventional radiography in the detection of erosions in the first metatarsophalangeal joints (1st MTPJs) of patients with gout and to identify the characteristic sonographic features of gout. METHODS HRUS examination of the 1st MTPJs of both feet was performed by two independent sonographers. The presence of joint and soft-tissue pathology was recorded. x Ray examination of the feet was performed on the same day and reported by the same radiologist. RESULTS 39 male patients with gout and 22 age-matched control subjects (14 with an inflammatory arthropathy and 8 disease free) were studied. The agreement on erosion between HRUS and x ray was poor, kappa = 0.229 (non-weighted), with McNemar's test being significant (p<0.001) indicating a large number of false negative x rays. 22 MTPJs in patients with gout had never been subjected to a clinical attack of acute gout. In these MTPJs, there were 10 erosions detected by HRUS and 3 erosions on x ray. HRUS features significantly more prevalent in the patients with gout were hard and soft tophus-like lesions (p<0.01) and the double contour sign (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS These data show that HRUS may assist in the management of gout in two ways: first, by aiding in the diagnosis by identifying the sonographic features that may be representative of the disease, and, second, by allowing the early detection of erosive joint damage and/or tophaceous deposits even in clinically silent joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Wright
- Department of Rheumatology, Musgrave Park Hospital, Belfast BT9 7JB, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Vasculitis syndromes. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2006; 19:81-5. [PMID: 17143101 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0b013e32801437a8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Grassi W, Meenagh G, Pascual E, Filippucci E. “Crystal Clear”—Sonographic Assessment of Gout and Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2006; 36:197-202. [PMID: 17011611 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2006.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2005] [Revised: 07/06/2006] [Accepted: 08/01/2006] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To date, high-resolution ultrasound (US) has not been fully exploited in the field of crystalline arthropathy. Both gout and calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) disease are significant diseases within the purview of the rheumatologist. The aim of this pictorial review was to present the principal findings in patients with crystal deposition in gout and CPPD. METHODS US pictures were obtained from 60 consecutive patients, 34 with CPPD disease and 26 with gout, whose diagnosis was confirmed by synovial fluid analysis. The US examinations were performed using the following US systems: Diasus (Dynamic Imaging, Livingstone, UK) and Logiq 9 (General Electric Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI). RESULTS Pictorial evidence of the principal US findings in gout includes monosodium urate (MSU) deposition on the surface of articular cartilage, various patterns within synovial fluid ranging from completely anechoic fluid to collections filled with aggregates of variable shape and echogenicity, microdeposition within tendons, and tophus formation. In CPPD, the hallmark US features include crystal deposition within articular cartilage, calcification of fibrocartilage, together with focal crystal deposition within tendons. CONCLUSION US is an impressive imaging modality in crystalline arthropathy. The anatomical location of the crystal deposits, clearly depictable by US, allows differentiation between MSU and CPPD aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Grassi
- Cattedra di Reumatologia, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Cairns AP, Filippucci E, McVeigh CM, Grassi W. An electronic logbook for rheumatologists performing musculoskeletal ultrasound. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2006; 45:1042. [PMID: 16638799 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kel107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Cunnington J, Hide G, Kane D. Training in musculoskeletal ultrasound by UK rheumatologists: when is now, but how? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005; 44:1470-2. [PMID: 16263776 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kei176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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