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Palacios-Diaz RD, Sahuquillo-Torralba A, Rocamora-Durán V, Unamuno-Bustos BD, Salavert-Lleti M, Santos-Alarcón S, Quintero A, Garcías-Ladaria J, Vila-Payeras A, Martínez-Doménech A, Mateu-Puchades A, Nadal-Lladó C, Botella-Estrada R. Klinisch-pathologische Eigenschaften kutaner und mukokutaner Leishmaniose bei mit TNF-α-Inhibitoren behandelten Patienten. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2023; 21:473-481. [PMID: 37183744 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15007_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Miguel Salavert-Lleti
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spanien
| | | | - Adriana Quintero
- Pathology Department, Hospital de Manacor, Illes Baleares, Spanien
| | - Joan Garcías-Ladaria
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Illes Baleares, Spanien
| | - Aina Vila-Payeras
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Baleares, Spanien
| | | | | | - Cristina Nadal-Lladó
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Baleares, Spanien
| | - Rafael Botella-Estrada
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spanien
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spanien
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2
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Figueiredo LP, Almeida LDC, Magalhães A, Arruda S, Lessa MM, Carvalho EM. Case Report: Unusual Presentation of Pharyngeal Mucosal Leishmaniasis due to Leishmania ( Viannia) braziliensis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:1493-1495. [PMID: 32748768 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) affects predominantly the nose and occurs usually weeks or months after the cure of the primary cutaneous lesion. The pathology of ML is characterized by an exaggerated inflammatory reaction with infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells. There is also a paucity of parasites and a strong delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. Herein, we report a case of a young man who had a large ulcer in his left leg and complained of dysphagia. In nasofibrolaryngoscopy, there were nodular lesions in the oropharynx and rhinopharynx. The skin lesion biopsy showed a chronic inflammation with amastigotes inside macrophages, and DNA of Leishmania braziliensis confirmed the diagnosis of ML in tissue biopsied from the pharynx. The leishmaniasis skin test was negative. Cytokine evaluation showed lack of production of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-17 with enhancement of these cytokine levels after cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Pinheiro Figueiredo
- Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Immunology Department, Professor Edgar Santos University Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Laiana do Carmo Almeida
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Professor Edgar Santos University Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Andréa Magalhães
- Immunology Department, Professor Edgar Santos University Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Marcus M Lessa
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Professor Edgar Santos University Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Immunology Department, Professor Edgar Santos University Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Edgar M Carvalho
- Immunology Department, Professor Edgar Santos University Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz, Salvador, Brazil
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3
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Ródenas-Herranz T, Linares-González L, Carpena-Martínez I, Pérez-Ramos M, Ruiz-Villaverde R. Cutaneous leishmaniasis induced by TNF-α blockers: a diagnostic challenge. Int J Dermatol 2020; 60:e101-e103. [PMID: 32989744 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Miguel Pérez-Ramos
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
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4
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TNF deficiency dysregulates inflammatory cytokine production, leading to lung pathology and death during respiratory poxvirus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:15935-15946. [PMID: 32571912 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004615117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is known to cause significant pathology. Paradoxically, deficiency in TNF (TNF-/-) also caused substantial pathology during respiratory ectromelia virus (ECTV) infection, a surrogate model for smallpox. TNF-/- mice succumbed to fulminant disease whereas wild-type mice, and those engineered to express only transmembrane TNF (mTNF), fully recovered. TNF deficiency did not affect viral load or leukocyte recruitment but caused severe lung pathology and excessive production of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ). Short-term blockade of these cytokines significantly reduced lung pathology in TNF-/- mice concomitant with induction of protein inhibitor of activated STAT3 (PIAS3) and/or suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), factors that inhibit STAT3 activation. Consequently, inhibition of STAT3 activation with an inhibitor reduced lung pathology. Long-term neutralization of IL-6 or TGF-β protected TNF-/- mice from an otherwise lethal infection. Thus, mTNF alone is necessary and sufficient to regulate lung inflammation but it has no direct antiviral activity against ECTV. The data indicate that targeting specific cytokines or cytokine-signaling pathways to reduce or ameliorate lung inflammation during respiratory viral infections is possible but that the timing and duration of the interventive measure are critical.
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Heinemann M, Omansen TF, Hennigs A, Völker K, Menz A, Addo MM, Schmiedel S. Relapsing cutaneous leishmaniasis in a patient requiring TNF-α-inhibitor Infliximab for Takayasu-arteritis: Case report and review of the literature. Travel Med Infect Dis 2020; 37:101700. [PMID: 32339673 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a protozoan parasitic infection that can manifest as visceral or cutaneous disease. Immunosuppression, mainly through TNF-α) inhibition, is a risk factor for complicated leishmaniasis that is becoming increasingly known. Here, we present a case of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in a patient who suffers from advanced Takayasu-Arteritis, requiring TNF-α inhibition with infliximab. The primary CL lesions in this 47-year-old, female patient were caused by Leishmaniapanamensis and occurred after a touristic trip to Panama on her right foot. The lesions first resolved under treatment with liposomal amphotericin B. However, ten months later, the patient returned with relapsing lesions requiring further treatment. We discuss the challenges and risks of leishmaniasis in patients with TNF-α inhibition and the rare phenomenon of relapsing CL and the management hereof. We review published cases of CL associated with TNF-α inhibition. A growing body of evidence now suggests that especially CL (and visceral leishmaniasis (VL)) can be associated with TNF-α inhibition. The host response to leishmaniasis is of the Th1-type and TNF-α and interferon-gamma expression are crucial for disease control. Inversely, TNF-α inhibition can lead to complicated and relapsing progression of leishmanial infection. Therefore, we propose that CL and VL should be considered in at-risk patients receiving immunosuppressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Heinemann
- I. Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till F Omansen
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Annette Hennigs
- I. Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Völker
- Department of Tropical Medicine at the Bernhard Nocht Institute, German Armed Forces Hospital of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Menz
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marylyn M Addo
- I. Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Schmiedel
- I. Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Bosch-Nicolau P, Ubals M, Salvador F, Sánchez-Montalvá A, Aparicio G, Erra A, Martinez de Salazar P, Sulleiro E, Molina I. Leishmaniasis and tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonists in the Mediterranean basin. A switch in clinical expression. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007708. [PMID: 31469834 PMCID: PMC6742442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) blockers are recognized as a risk factor for reactivation of granulomatous infections. Leishmaniasis has been associated with the use of these drugs, although few cases have been reported. Methodology We performed a retrospective observational study including patients with confirmed leishmaniasis acquired in the Mediterranean basin that were under TNF-α blockers therapy at the moment of the diagnosis. Patients diagnosed in our hospital from 2008 to 2018 were included. Moreover, a systematic review of the literature was performed and cases fulfilling the inclusion criteria were also included. Principal findings Forty-nine patients were analyzed including nine cases from our series. Twenty-seven (55.1%) cases were male and median age was 55 years. Twenty-five (51%) patients were under infliximab treatment, 20 (40.8%) were receiving adalimumab, 2 (4.1%) etanercept, one (2%) golimumab and one (2%) a non-specified TNF-α blocker. Regarding clinical presentation, 28 (57.1%) presented as cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), 16 (32.6%) as visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and 5 (10.2%) as mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL). All VL and MCL patients were treated with systemic therapies. Among CL patients, 13 (46.4%) were treated with a systemic drug (11 received L-AmB, one intramuscular antimonials and one miltefosine) while 14 (50%) patients were given local treatment (13 received intralesional pentavalent antimonials, and one excisional surgery). TNF-α blockers were interrupted in 32 patients (65.3%). After treatment 5 patients (10.2%) relapsed. Four patients with a CL (3 initially treated with local therapy maintaining TNF-α blockers and one treated with miltefosine) and one patient with VL treated with L-AmB maintaining TNF-α blockers. Conclusions This data supports the assumption that the blockage of TNF-α modifies clinical expression of leishmaniasis in endemic population modulating the expression of the disease leading to atypical presentations. According to the cases reported, the best treatment strategy would be a systemic drug and the discontinuation of the TNF-α blockers therapy until clinical resolution. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) blockers are widely used in numerous inflammatory diseases such rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis or inflammatory bowel diseases. They have been recognized as a risk factor for reactivation of granulomatous infections. Although few cases have been reported, Leishmaniasis has been associated with the use of these drugs. Leishmania infantum is the main causative agent of leishmaniasis in Southern Europe and is prone to produce the visceral form. However, TNF-α has been implicated in the initial events of the infection mediating the disease expression. In our series, we have observed a surprisingly high proportion of cutaneous form (32.6%) and muco-cutaneous form (10.2%). Clinical outcome observed in this series is also unusual. Four cases (14.3%) with cutaneous leishmaniasis who received local therapy relapsed. Among patients with visceral leishmaniasis, one patient who maintained TNF-α blockers therapy relapsed despite etiological treatment. This data supports the assumption that the blockage of TNF-α modifies clinical expression of leishmaniasis leading to atypical presentations. According to the cases reported we proposed as best treatment strategy a systemic drug and the discontinuation of the TNF-α blockers therapy until clinical resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Bosch-Nicolau
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, PROSICS Barcelona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Ubals
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Salvador
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, PROSICS Barcelona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrián Sánchez-Montalvá
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, PROSICS Barcelona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria Aparicio
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Erra
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Martinez de Salazar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, PROSICS Barcelona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sulleiro
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, PROSICS Barcelona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Israel Molina
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, PROSICS Barcelona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Guidelli GM, De Stefano R, Galeazzi M, Selvi E. Synovial Leishmaniasis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 68:931. [PMID: 26663894 DOI: 10.1002/art.39541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Català A, Roé E, Dalmau J, Pomar V, Muñoz C, Yelamos O, Puig L. Anti-Tumour Necrosis Factor-Induced Visceral and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Dermatology 2015; 230:204-7. [DOI: 10.1159/000370238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum var Lombardi in an immunocompetent patient, Spain. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2015; 33:499-500. [PMID: 25559703 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Chirch LM, Cataline PR, Dieckhaus KD, Grant-Kels JM. Proactive infectious disease approach to dermatologic patients who are taking tumor necrosis factor–alfa antagonists. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014; 71:1.e1-8; quiz 1.e8-9, 10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.01.875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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van Griensven J, Carrillo E, López-Vélez R, Lynen L, Moreno J. Leishmaniasis in immunosuppressed individuals. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20:286-99. [DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Guedes-Barbosa LS, Pereira da Costa I, Fernandes V, Henrique da Mota LM, de Menezes I, Aaron Scheinberg M. Leishmaniasis during anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy: report of 4 cases and review of the literature (additional 28 cases). Semin Arthritis Rheum 2013; 43:152-7. [PMID: 23777708 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the development of 4 new cases of leishmaniasis in patients receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF) agents and review the pertinent literature. METHODS Chart review of the 4 cases and MEDLINE search for additional reported cases. RESULTS All reported cases, including ours, came from endemic areas. The infection was detected on an average of 23.5 months after the initiation of anti-TNF therapy. The majority of cases had the classical clinical presentation. The biological therapy was suspended in 21 cases. The results were successful for leishmaniasis therapy in all cases. In 10 cases it was possible to reintroduce anti-TNF agents. On follow-up it was observed that there was an infection relapse in 3 cases. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that leishmaniasis, in its several clinical forms, should be included in the differential diagnosis of possible infections involving patients under use of aTNF therapy. Endemic disease under geographic expansion, easy international displacement and intense human migratory flows certainly represents a risk of this infection in an increasing universe of people which includes the immunosuppressed patients. Cutaneous lesions, prolonged fever, splenomegaly, and pancytopenias, the main clinical-laboratory findings of leishmaniasis, can also be present in autoimmune rheumatic disease, thus leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment of the parasitic disease. The diagnosis depends basically on a high suspicion index, being confirmed with the identification of the protozoan. The classic treatment of the infection when instituted is associated with complete recovery. It is important to point out that all cases reported so far had either originated from or been recently in regions regarded as endemic of leishmaniasis.
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