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Edmund E, Kamuzora M, Muhogora W, Ngoya P, Muhulo A, Amirali A, Makoba A, Ngoye W, Ngaile J, Majatta S, Ngulimi M, Mwambinga S, Kaijage T. Radiation dose to breast during digital mammography in Tanzania. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2024; 200:409-416. [PMID: 38196028 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the mean glandular dose (MGD), to assess the potential for optimization, and to propose diagnostic reference levels (DRLs). MGD was estimated from air kerma measurements and patient information collected during mammography examinations. The 75th percentile values were determined as the third quartile of the median MGD values for all hospitals, and DRLs set as 75th percentile of MGD values. The estimated median values of MGD ranged from 1.5 to 3.9 mGy for craniocaudal projection for median range of 15-59 mm compressed breast thickness (CBT). For a CBT range of 15-63 mm, the median MGD value was 1.5-5.1 mGy for medio-lateral oblique projection. Comparison with other studies showed that the MGD values obtained in this study were relatively high. The magnitude and wide variation of the exposure parameters suggest existing potential for optimization. The training of radiology staff was identified as a top priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisha Edmund
- Tanzania Atomic Energy Commission, Block J, Njiro, 23114 Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Mary Kamuzora
- Muhimbili National Hospital, Mloganzila, Kibamba, 16110 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Wilbroad Muhogora
- Tanzania Atomic Energy Commission, Block J, Njiro, 23114 Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Patrick Ngoya
- Bugando Medical Centre, Makongoro Road, 33830 Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Alex Muhulo
- Tanzania Atomic Energy Commission, Block J, Njiro, 23114 Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Assad Amirali
- Aga Khan Medical Centre, Baraka Obama Drive, 11101 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Atumaini Makoba
- Tanzania Atomic Energy Commission, Block J, Njiro, 23114 Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Wilson Ngoye
- Tanzania Atomic Energy Commission, Block J, Njiro, 23114 Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Justin Ngaile
- Tanzania Atomic Energy Commission, Block J, Njiro, 23114 Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Salma Majatta
- Muhimbili National Hospital, Mloganzila, Kibamba, 16110 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Miguta Ngulimi
- Tanzania Atomic Energy Commission, Block J, Njiro, 23114 Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Salome Mwambinga
- Tanzania Atomic Energy Commission, Block J, Njiro, 23114 Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Tunu Kaijage
- Tanzania Atomic Energy Commission, Block J, Njiro, 23114 Arusha, Tanzania
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Makoba A, Jusabani A, Muhogora W, Kileo A, Ndukeki M, Makungu H, Maro H, Onoka E, Ngulimi M, Mammba H, Muhulo A, Masoud A, Balobegwa V, Ngoye W, Nakembetwa A. Entrance surface air kerma to patients during digital radiographic examinations in Tanzania. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2024; 200:229-239. [PMID: 38069535 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) in adult patients during digital radiography and to evaluate the optimisation potential in five common X-ray examinations in Tanzania. Based on a sample of 240-610 patients, ESAK was estimated using X-ray tube output measurements, patient information and backscatter factors. The results show that the mean ESAK values were higher or comparable to data from the literature. The diagnostic reference values of ESAK for digital radiography were 0.31 mGy (chest PA), 4 mGy (lumbar spine AP), 5.4 mGy (lumbar spine LAT), 3.8 mGy (abdomen AP) and 2.4 mGy (pelvis AP). For computed radiography, the mean ESAK ranges were 0.44-0.57 mGy (thoracic AP), 3.59-3.72 mGy (lumbar spine AP), 6.16-6.35 mGy (lumbar spine LAT), 3.89-3.44 mGy (abdominal AP) and 2.92-3.47 mGy (pelvic AP). In conclusion, high ESAK variations show the potential for optimising protection in digital radiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atumaini Makoba
- Tanzania Atomic Energy Commission, Block J, Njiro, 23114 Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Ahmed Jusabani
- Aga Khan Medical Centre, Baraka Obama Drive, 11102 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Wilbroad Muhogora
- Tanzania Atomic Energy Commission, Block J, Njiro, 23114 Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Abdallah Kileo
- Tanzania Atomic Energy Commission, Block J, Njiro, 23114 Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Musa Ndukeki
- Muhimbili National Hospital, Kalenga Road, 11103 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Hilda Makungu
- Muhimbili National Hospital, Kalenga Road, 11103 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Haika Maro
- Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital, Hospital Hill Road, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Erick Onoka
- Arusha Lutheran Medical Centre, Fr. Babu Road, Block No.54 Levolosi, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Miguta Ngulimi
- Tanzania Atomic Energy Commission, Block J, Njiro, 23114 Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Huruma Mammba
- Tanzania Atomic Energy Commission, Block J, Njiro, 23114 Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Alex Muhulo
- Tanzania Atomic Energy Commission, Block J, Njiro, 23114 Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Ali Masoud
- Tanzania Atomic Energy Commission, Block J, Njiro, 23114 Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Vitus Balobegwa
- Tanzania Atomic Energy Commission, Block J, Njiro, 23114 Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Wilson Ngoye
- Tanzania Atomic Energy Commission, Block J, Njiro, 23114 Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Adam Nakembetwa
- Tanzania Atomic Energy Commission, Block J, Njiro, 23114 Arusha, Tanzania
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Evaluation of patients doses at medical imaging departments. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Masjedi H, Dalvand S, Zamani H, Zare MH, Zarei M. Estimating the entrance surface air kerma and diagnostic reference level in routine radiography examinations: A multi-center study. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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