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Kallio A, Leikoski N, Otaki M. Natural radioactivity of residues from groundwater treatment facilities in Finland. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2023; 43:031517. [PMID: 37699385 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/acf8d1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of naturally occurring radionuclides in solid residues was investigated from groundwater treatment facilities (GTFs) in Finland. Natural radionuclides U-238, Ra-226, Pb-210 and Ra-228 were found in various precipitates, sludges and filters at concentrations exceeding the general clearance level of 1 kBq kg-1used for solid materials in the European directive 2013/59/Euratom. The accumulation of natural radionuclides in different solid residues was observed even when the activity concentrations in the untreated groundwater were relatively low, and when there was no measurable change in the concentrations between raw and treated groundwater within analytical uncertainties. Based on mass and activity balance considerations this is thought to be due to the large volumes of treated water per year. The exposure of workers to natural radiation from solid residues in the regular use of a groundwater facility was found not to be likely to exceed 0.3 mSv a-1if the activity concentrations are <10 kBq kg-1for U-238, Ra-226, Pb-210 and Ra-228. The worker exposure from solid residues is therefore likely to remain below the reference level of 1 mSv a-1, and indoor radon is more of a concern for the radiation protection of workers at GTFs. However, the natural radionuclide content in the different solid residues from groundwater treatment needs to be characterised properly to be able to ensure safety in the final use of the residues with respect to the potential exposure of the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Kallio
- Radiation Practices Regulation, Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Niina Leikoski
- Radiation Practices Regulation, Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Vantaa, Finland
| | - Miho Otaki
- Environmental Radiation Surveillance, Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Vantaa, Finland
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Aladeniyi K, Olowookere CJ, Khandaker MU, Alsufyani SJ. Evaluation of Radiological Health Risks in Popularly Consumed Brands of Sachet Water in Nigeria. Front Public Health 2022; 10:917422. [PMID: 35923963 PMCID: PMC9340260 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.917422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiological investigation of 35 brands of most popularly used sachet drinking water in Ondo state, Nigeria has been carried out using a spectrometric method for evaluating the concomitant health risks to the members of the public. Activity concentrations of the investigated radionuclides 40K, 226R, and 228Ra were in the range from 16.35 ± 4.10 to 199.94 ± 38.40 Bq L−1 with an arithmetic mean (AM) of 66.22 ± 54.99 Bq L−1, from 1.35± 0.79 to 17.06 ± 5.13 Bq L−1 with an AM of 6.88 ± 3.66 Bq L−1, and from 1.95 ± 0.08 to 17.22 ± 3.87 Bq L−1 with an AM of 9.49 ± 4.98 Bq L−1, respectively. The determined annual effective doses and the corresponding excess lifetime cancer risks due to 226Ra and 228Ra were found to exceed the acceptable limits of 0.1 mSv y−1 and 10−3 respectively, as suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO). This implies a non-negligible carcinogenic health hazard due to the intake of the surveyed drinking water, especially for the lactating babies (0–1) y and teenagers (12–17) y. The data from this research may form an invaluable component of radiometric values of the database in Nigeria, as well as the world for setting up guidelines and control policies for the use of sachet water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Aladeniyi
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
- *Correspondence: Kehinde Aladeniyi
| | | | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Department of General Educational Development, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sultan J. Alsufyani
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Nguyen VT, Huynh NPT, Le CH. Levels of 226Ra in groundwater samples collected in Phu Yen province, Vietnam associated with health risks to local population and impacts on the maize (Zea mays L.) soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:31812-31826. [PMID: 32504433 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09538-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is a major source of drinking water and agricultural water in some regions of the world. However, it contains a high level of 226Ra that is potentially hazardous to human health and the environment. Normally, the activity concentration of 226Ra in groundwater is determined to assess the quality of groundwater that can be used as drinking water. There are few studies on the accumulation of 226Ra in the agricultural soil due to irrigation with groundwater. In this study, levels of 226Ra were determined on over 60 groundwater samples collected from the public water supply wells in Phu Yen province, Vietnam. Besides assessment of the health risks to population due to drinking groundwater samples, the impact of groundwater irrigation to the maize field in the study area was studied. For this purpose, two chemical fate models were applied and the comparison of their results was performed. Based on the model assessments, we predicted that the present agricultural practices increased the 226Ra activity concentration in the maize soil, and the level of 226Ra activity concentration in the topsoil can exceed the recommended level at 11.4 years of the present agricultural practices on the maize soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Thang Nguyen
- Nuclear Technique Laboratory, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyen Phong Thu Huynh
- Nuclear Technique Laboratory, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Cong Hao Le
- Nuclear Technique Laboratory, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Althoyaib SS, El-Taher A. Natural radioactivity measurements in groundwater from Al-Jawa, Saudi Arabia. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3874-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mohapatra S, Sahoo SK, Dubey JS, Patra AC, Thakur VK, Tripathy SK, Sagar DV, Godbole SV, Ravi PM, Tripathi RM. Characterization of uranium and its progenies in drinking water and assessment of dose to public around a NHBRA, Odisha, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3353-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Benedik L, Jeran Z. Radiological of natural and mineral drinking waters in Slovenia. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2012; 151:306-313. [PMID: 22345214 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncs009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Various types of water were collected in Slovenia and analysed in order to assess the radiation doses from (238)U, (234)U, (228)Ra, (226)Ra, (210)Pb and (210)Po for three different age groups of the population. It was found in all cases that the calculated median committed effective dose from the investigated radionuclides for each population group was well below the recommended value of 100 µSv y(-1), ranging from 4 to 7 µSv y(-1) for adults, from 8 to 10 µSv y(-1) for children and from 6 to 7 µSv y(-1) for infants. Of the investigated groups of the population children are the most exposed with the highest absolute doses of 19.1 and 18.7 µSv y(-1) after drinking a certain bottled brand of mineral and natural water, respectively. The contribution of each particular radionuclide to total doses varied among different water types and within each type, as well as between different age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Benedik
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Tripathi RM, Jha VN, Sahoo SK, Sethy NK, Shukla AK, Puranik VD, Kushwaha HS. Study of the distribution of ²²⁶Ra in ground water near the uranium industry of Jharkhand, India. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2012; 148:211-218. [PMID: 21345879 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncr014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ground water is the principal source of drinking water in the rural areas of India. With the aim of determining, the contribution of (226)Ra to natural background radiation through drinking water exposure pathway near an operating uranium mining industry at Jaduguda, Jharkhand state of eastern India, the (226)Ra activity concentrations were measured in potable ground water. The water analysed, both tube well and well water, was collected in areas near the uranium industry and away. The (226)Ra concentration was measured by emanometric technique. The (226)Ra level in ground water was ranging between minimum detection limit of 3.5 mBq l(-1) and a maximum of 208 mBq l(-1). The analysis of variance reveals that there is insignificant statistical variation in the median (226)Ra concentration up to a distance of >10 km from the mining complex. Variation in concentration of (226)Ra in sources is attributed to the local geochemistry and environmental factors. The (226)Ra concentration was significantly elevated in natural artesian wells in the vicinity of uranium mineralised hill and it varies from 53.4 to 754 mBq l(-1). The WHO [Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. Third Edition, Vol. 1, Recommendation (2004)] guideline value of 1000 mBq l(-1) has not been exceeded in any of the sources investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Tripathi
- Environmental Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
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Forte M, Bagnato L, Caldognetto E, Risica S, Trotti F, Rusconi R. Radium isotopes in Estonian groundwater: measurements, analytical correlations, population dose and a proposal for a monitoring strategy. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2010; 30:761-780. [PMID: 21149943 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/30/4/009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In some areas of Estonia, groundwater contains a significant number of natural radionuclides, especially radium isotopes, which may cause radiation protection concern depending on the geological structure of the aquifer. Indeed, the parametric value of 0.1 mSv y⁻¹ for the total indicative dose established by European Directive 98/83/EC, adopted as a limit value in Estonian national legislation, is often exceeded. A Twinning Project between Estonia and Italy was carried out within the framework of the Estonian Transition Facility Programme, sponsored by the European Union. Its aims were to assess the radiological situation of Estonian groundwater and related health consequences. The first step was a study of Estonian aqueducts and the population served by them, and a thorough analysis of the radiological database for drinking water, from which the relevant effective doses for the population were obtained. Particular attention was devoted to doses to children and infants. Correlations between the chemical parameters were investigated, in order to suggest the best possible analytical approach. Lastly, a monitoring strategy, i.e. sampling points and sampling frequencies, was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Forte
- ARPA Lombardia (Environmental Protection Agency of Lombardia), via Juvara 22, Milan, Italy.
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Reyes E, Marques LS. Uranium series disequilibria in ground waters from a fractured bedrock aquifer (Morungaba Granitoids—Southern Brazil): Implications to the hydrochemical behavior of dissolved U and Ra. Appl Radiat Isot 2008; 66:1531-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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