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Khan M, Chaudhary MZ, Khan EU, Abid J, Nasir T, Yaqoob N. Assessment of radiological indices and physiochemical characterization of sediments in Chashma Lake, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1219. [PMID: 37718371 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11825-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Twenty surface sediment samples were gathered from Chasma Lake, deciding the radionuclides 137Cs, 226Ra, 228Ra, 232Th, and 40K and their associated hazard indices. The deliberate radionuclide activities of present research have been contrasted with earlier research, and acquired outcomes in the present study are found below the results in the world. The radiation hazard indices following the presence of natural radionuclides in sediment samples were estimated, and the results assigned the values of all the determined radiological indices found inside the worldwide suggested limits. It was concluded from the current review that the sediment of Chashma Lake is safe for construction and agriculture and does not make radiation dangerous to the nearby local area of the lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Khan
- District Education Authority Mianwali, Mianwali, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Jawaria Abid
- Isotope Application Division, PINSTECH, P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tabassum Nasir
- Institute of Physics, Gomal University, D. I Khan, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Yaqoob
- Isotope Application Division, PINSTECH, P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Onjefu SA, Kauluma ANI, Zivuku M, Ejembi E, Hamunyela RH, Tyobeka BM. Assessment of radioactivity levels in shore sediments along the coastline of the Orange River, Oranjemund, Namibia. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10579. [PMID: 36148279 PMCID: PMC9485047 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of present study was to evaluate the activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K and radiological hazards due to gamma exposure of shore sediment along the coastline of the Orange River, Oranjemund, Namibia. A total of 20 shore sediment samples were collected along the coastline of the Orange River. Shore sediment samples were analyzed using a Canberra Gamma Spectrometric detector inter phased with a multichannel analyzer (MCA) that was well calibrated for energy and efficiency respectively. The mean activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K for the shore sediment samples were 63.46 ± 9.83 Bqkg−1, 54.88 ± 5.03 Bqkg−1 and 416.99 ± 57.85 Bqkg−1 respectively. The mean activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K in the shore sediment samples were slightly higher than world reference levels. Also, the radiological hazards parameters of absorbed dose rates, annual effective dose equivalent (outdoor) and the excess lifetime cancer risk for the Orange River shore sediment samples were calculated. The mean values calculated for absorbed dose rates (63.98 nGy/h), annual effective dose equivalent (outdoor) (0.78 mSv/y) and excess lifetime cancer risk (2.73) were higher than the recommended limits, therefore long term radiation exposure of the local population along the coastline of the Orange River may pose significant health threat from radiological point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvanus Ameh Onjefu
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Aina Nancy Iyaloo Kauluma
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Munyaradzi Zivuku
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Emmanuel Ejembi
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Roswita Hambeleleni Hamunyela
- Department of Radiography, School of Allied Health Sciences, Hage Geingob Campus, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
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Afzal I, Chaudhary MZ, Khan EU, Nasir T, Yaqoob N. Radiological risk assessment in sediment of Namal Lake, Mianwali, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:223. [PMID: 35217922 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09881-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study is concentrated on the radiological risk assessment of sixteen surface sediment samples recovered from Namal Lake, District Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan. The activity of 137Cs, 40 K, 226Ra, 228Ra, and 232Th was carried out with the help of a high purity germanium detector (HPGe) in the sediment, varied in the ranges of > 0.02-3.73 ± 1.31, 98.32 ± 21.45-341.02 ± 58.67, 18.34 ± 2.16-34.23 ± 4.34, 1.62 ± .30-2.34 ± .52, and 0.14 ± 0.10-2.34 ± 0.59 Bq kg-1 with average values 0.74 ± 0.29, 237.26 ± 37.97, 25.06 ± 4.74, 1.97 ± 0.39, and 1.73 ± 0.33 Bq kg-1, respectively. The measured concentrations in the current study have been compared with other earlier studies in the world. The data was also used for determining the other useful parameters like radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose rate, and external and internal hazards index to assess the radiological risk assessment for the environment around the study area. The ERICA Tool software was also applied for radiological risk assessment for lake fish due to the radioactivity present in the lake sediments. It was concluded from the results of ERICA tool that the risk quotient in this study is less than one indicating that no toxic effects of radioactivity for Namal Lake fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Afzal
- Institute of Physics, Gomal University, D. I. Khan, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Tabassum Nasir
- Institute of Physics, Gomal University, D. I. Khan, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Yaqoob
- Isotope Application Division, PINSTECH, P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Aly HAS, El‐Taher A, Tork HS, Abdel‐Rahman MAE. New Aspects of Uranium Ore Concentration by using Acidic Media Solutions. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan A. S. Aly
- Physics Department Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
| | - Atef El‐Taher
- Physics Department Faculty of Science Al-Azhar University 71524 Assuit Egypt
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Elzahraa F, Aly HAS, Abdel‐Rahman MAE. Analysis of Naturally Occurring Radioisotopes in Peat moss Greenhouse Soils and Agriculture Mud in Egypt. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Elzahraa
- Physics Department Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
| | - Hanan A. S. Aly
- Physics Department Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
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Muhammad W, Ullah A, Tahir S, Ullah F, Khan M. An overview of radioactivity measurement studies in Pakistan. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2019; 34:141-152. [PMID: 30763030 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2018-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In our environment, various naturally occurring radionuclides are present (both underground and overground) in several places, which results in lifelong human exposure. The radiation dose received by human beings from the radiation emitted by these naturally occurring radionuclides is approximately 87%. Exposure to radiation poses radiological health hazards. To assess the human health hazards from radiation, the concentration of these naturally occurring radionuclides are measured in soil (used for cultivation), building materials (soil, bricks, sand, marble, etc.), water and dietary items, worldwide. The available literature revealed that numerous studies related to the subject have been carried out in Pakistan. Most of these studies measured the radioactivity concentrations of primordial [uranium (238U), thorium (232Th), radium (226Ra) and potassium (40K)] and anthropogenic [cesium (137Cs)] radionuclide in soil samples (used for cultivation), fertilizers, building materials (i.e. bricks, rocks, sand, soil, marble, etc.), as well as water and dietary items, using a sodium iodide detector or high purity germanium. An effort was made in 2008 to compile these studies as a review article. However, since then, considerable studies have been undertaken and reported in the literature. Therefore, the main objective of the present article is to provide a countrywide baseline data on radionuclide levels, by overviewing and compiling the relevant studies carried out in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wazir Muhammad
- Therapeutic Radiology, Yale-School of Medicine,Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8040, USA, Phone: +1 (203) 785-2368, Fax: +1 (203) 785-4765
| | - Asad Ullah
- Health Physics Division (HPD), Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Tahir
- Department of Nuclear Engineering (DNE), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ullah
- Department of Physics, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Matiullah Khan
- Department of Physics, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
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Fares S. Measurements of natural radioactivity level in black sand and sediment samples of the Temsah Lake beach in Suez Canal region in Egypt. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Fares
- Department of Radiation Physics, National Center of Radiation Research and Technology NCRRT, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Baha University, Saudi Arabia
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Estimation of background radiation levels and associated health risks in mineral rich district Chiniot, Pakistan. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06425-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hilal MA, Borai EH. Hazardous parameters associated with natural radioactivity exposure from black sand. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 92:245-250. [PMID: 29277438 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Black sand samples collected from Baltim beaches (Kafr El-Sheikh governorate) in Egypt on the Mediterranean Sea shore were analyzed radiometrically and evaluated using a nondestructive gamma ray spectroscopic techniques. The natural radionuclides of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the black sand samples were identified and quantified. It is found that the activity concentrations for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in different eleven sites (S1S11) were found within the ranges of 28-322, 91-308 and 81-339 Bq/kg, respectively. Moreover, different radiological hazardous parameters (absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent, radium activity, annual gonadal dose equivalent and excess lifetime cancer risk) were calculated. The results show that these values are greater than the permissible values due to increasing the activity concentrations of the primordial radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K. The dose rate for radiation emitted at 1 m from the surface of land was measured directly and the results shown that all sites emit radiation doses more than the international permissible value (57 nGy/h) especially at three sites which around 340 nGy/h. These values are important to establish baseline levels of this environmental radioactivity to detect any upcoming change for the local population and resorts people. The relatively high dose rate will be considered as a spa for the physical therapy such as treatment of some skin diseases and rheumatoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Hilal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Control, Hot Laboratories and Waste Management Center (HLWMC), Atomic Energy Authority, 13759 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - E H Borai
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Control, Hot Laboratories and Waste Management Center (HLWMC), Atomic Energy Authority, 13759 Cairo, Egypt
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El-Bahi SM, Sroor A, Mohamed GY, El-Gendy NS. Radiological impact of natural radioactivity in Egyptian phosphate rocks, phosphogypsum and phosphate fertilizers. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 123:121-127. [PMID: 28262595 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the activity concentrations of the natural radionuclides in phosphate rocks and its products were measured using a high- purity germanium detector (HPGe). The obtained activity results show remarkable wide variation in the radioactive contents for the different phosphate samples. The average activity concentration of 235U, 238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K was found as (45, 1031, 786, 85 and 765Bq/kg) for phosphate rocks, (28, 1234, 457, 123 and 819Bq/kg) for phosphate fertilizers, (47, 663, 550, 79 and 870Bq/kg) for phosphogypsum and (25, 543, 409, 54 and 897Bq/kg) for single super phosphate respectively. Based on the measured activities, the radiological parameters (activity concentration index, absorbed gamma dose rate in outdoor and indoor and the corresponding annual effective dose rates and total excess lifetime cancer risk) were estimated to assess the radiological hazards. The total excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) has been calculated and found to be high in all samples, which related to high radioactivity, representing radiological risk for the health of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M El-Bahi
- Nuclear Physics Laboratory, College for Women for Art, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A Sroor
- Nuclear Physics Laboratory, College for Women for Art, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gehan Y Mohamed
- Experimental Nuclear Physics Department, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Post Office No. 13759, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - N S El-Gendy
- Nuclear Physics Laboratory, College for Women for Art, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Arnedo MA, Tejera A, Rubiano JG, Alonso H, Gil JM, Rodríguez R, Martel P. Natural radioactivity measurements of beach sands in Gran Canaria, Canary Islands (Spain). RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2013; 156:75-86. [PMID: 23509399 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nct044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of natural radionuclides (226)Ra, (232)Th, (40)K and man-made (137)Cs in most important tourist Gran Canaria beaches have been determined using a high-purity Germanium detector to analyse their radiological hazard. Average values of the activity concentrations of (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K were 17.6±1.4, 21.3±1.8 and 480±22 Bq kg(-1), respectively. Observed activity concentration values of (137)Cs were practically negligible from a radiological protection point of view. The results of this paper were compared with others published in the bibliography for beaches and coastal sediments of different countries. The mean external air absorbed dose rate was 43.9±2.8 nGyh(-1), which resulted in an outdoor annual effective dose below the world average. Also, the radium equivalent and the external hazard index were calculated. Results from Gran Canaria beaches showed the low levels of radioactivity, indicating no significant radiological risk related to human activities in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Arnedo
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Apartado 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain.
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Malain D, Regan P, Bradley D, Matthews M, Al-Sulaiti H, Santawamaitre T. An evaluation of the natural radioactivity in Andaman beach sand samples of Thailand after the 2004 tsunami. Appl Radiat Isot 2012; 70:1467-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Eissa HS, Medhat ME, Said SA, Elmaghraby EK. Radiation dose estimation of sand samples collected from different Egyptian beaches. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2011; 147:533-540. [PMID: 21169289 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncq498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A high pure germanium detector-based gamma-ray spectroscopy low-background counting system was used to determine the levels of natural radioactivity from beach sand samples on the Egyptian coast along the Mediterranean and Red Seas. The activity concentrations of (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K were found to lie in the range of 30±11 to 60±14 Bq kg(-1) with a mean of 39±15 Bq kg(-1), 12±3 to 30±14 Bq kg(-1) with a mean of 21±13 Bq kg(-1) and 392±22 to 413±22 Bq kg(-1) with a mean of 402±23 Bq kg(-1), respectively. Radiation hazard indices and annual effective doses were evaluated and compared with the international data. The results indicate that the values obtained fall below the internationally accepted maximum limits and do not pose any significant radiation hazard to individuals in the study area. From these results, a radiological baseline map of Egyptian beaches can be drawn and used as reference information to assess any future alterations in the radioactivity of beach sands due to any changes in the sea sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Eissa
- Radiation Protection Department, Nuclear Research Centre, Cairo PO Box 13759, Egypt
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Rahman S, Faheem M. Natural radioactivity measurements in Pakistan--an overview. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2008; 28:443-452. [PMID: 19029595 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/28/4/r01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Humans have always been exposed throughout their period of existence to naturally occurring ionising radiation. Specifically, naturally occurring radionuclides are present in variable amounts in our environment. To assess radiological health hazards, naturally occurring radionuclides are being measured in soil, sand, marble, bricks etc throughout the world. In this regard, extensive data have been reported for Pakistan, which have been compiled and reviewed in this article. The majority of the reported articles are about monitoring of the radiological health hazards of naturally occurring radionuclides. In a few articles, use of the radionuclides has been reported for the exploration of uranium and thorium deposits. Most of the reported data have been obtained using a high purity germanium detector or a sodium iodide detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Rahman
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
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