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Fast and direct determination of catechol-3, 6-bis(methyleiminodiacetic acid) prototype in beagle dog plasma using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry: A simplified and high throughput in-vivo method for the metal chelator. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1596:84-95. [PMID: 30890257 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is usually somewhat difficult to analyze the metal chelators, especially in complex biological matrix, because of the interference of metal ions in both the matrix and analyzing system. In this study, an innovative and simple bioanalytical method was established and validated for the quantification of a newly developed uranium chelator catechol-3, 6-bis (methyleiminodiacetic acid) (CBMIDA) in beagle dog plasma. Different analytical columns and mobile phase were tested for effective chromatography resolution and sensitive and reproducible response of CBMIDA and the internal standard. An Agilent Zorbax SB AQ column was chosen. Excessive peak tailing, peak asymmetry, low recovery, and poor reproducibility, which are generally observed in chromatographic analysis of metal chelators, were overcome by the use of a pulse gradient method and addition of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) to the mobile phase at 8 μg mL-1, enabling good peak shape, low matrix interference, high precision and good linearity for CBMIDA quantification in beagle dog plasma. Plasma sample pretreatment was performed by a simple, high throughput protein precipitation step with 2.5 mM EDTA methanol solution in a 96-well protein precipitation plate without complexing with the metal ions, and the sample was directly analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. By shifting the analysis target from the metal complex to metal chelator itself, the method has an advantage over the existing method for determination of EDTA and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid owing to increased sample throughput and apparent simplicity. The assay was validated in accordance with the United States Food and Drug Administration guidelines and successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of CBMIDA in beagles after intramuscular injection of CBMIDA at different doses. The method was sensitive enough for the detection of CBMIDA concentration at 4 elimination half-times. The experimental strategies presented herein may be helpful for the measurement of other radionuclide chelators in biological matrices.
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2
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Yue YC, Li MH, Wang HB, Zhang BL, He W. The toxicological mechanisms and detoxification of depleted uranium exposure. Environ Health Prev Med 2018; 23:18. [PMID: 29769021 PMCID: PMC5956823 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-018-0706-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Depleted uranium (DU) has been widely applied in industrial and military activities, and is often obtained from producing fuel for nuclear reactors. DU may be released into the environment, polluting air, soil, and water, and is considered to exert both radiological and chemical toxicity. In humans and animals, DU can induce multiple health effects, such as renal tubular necrosis and bone malignancies. This review summarizes the known information on DU’s routes of entry, mechanisms of toxicity, and health effects. In addition, we survey the chelating agents used in ameliorating DU toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chao Yue
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Hua Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Bo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bang-Le Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei He
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Ghrelin protects against depleted uranium-induced bone damage by increasing osteoprotegerin/RANKL ratio. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 343:62-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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4
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Differential protein expression in metallothionein protection from depleted uranium-induced nephrotoxicity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38942. [PMID: 27966587 PMCID: PMC5155243 DOI: 10.1038/srep38942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanism of metallothionein (MT) protection from depleted uranium (DU) using a proteomics approach to search for a DU toxicity-differential protein. MT−/− and MT+/+ mice were administrated with a single dose of DU (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or equal volume of saline. After 4 days, protein changes in kidney tissues were evaluated using a proteomics approach. A total of 13 differentially expressed proteins were identified using two-dimensional electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The validating results showed that the expression of aminoacylase-3 (ACY-3) and the mitochondrial ethylmalonic encephalopathy 1 (ETHE1) decreased significantly after DU exposure; in addition, the reduction in MT−/− mice was more significant than that in MT+/+ mice. The results also showed that exogenous ETHE1 or ACY-3 could increase the survival rate of human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells after DU exposure. A specific siRNA of ETHE1 significantly increased cell apoptosis rates after DU exposure, whereas exogenous ETHE1 significantly decreased cell apoptosis rates. In summary, ACY-3 and ETHE1 might involve in protection roles of MT. ETHE1 could be a new sensitive molecular target of DU-induced cell apoptosis.
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K N, Devasya RP, Bhagwath AA. Exopolysaccharide produced by Enterobacter sp. YG4 reduces uranium induced nephrotoxicity. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 82:557-61. [PMID: 26582342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Uranium nephrotoxicity is a health concern with very few treatment options. Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) possess multiple biological activities and appear as prospective candidates for treating uranium nephrotoxicity. This study focuses on the ability of an EPS produced by a bacterial strain Enterobacter sp. YG4 to reduce uranium nephrotoxicity in vivo. This bacterium was isolated from the gut contents of a slug Laevicaulis alte (Férussac). Based on the aniline blue staining reaction and infrared spectral analysis, the EPS was identified as β-glucan and its molecular weight was 11.99×10(6)Da. The EPS showed hydroxyl radical scavenging ability and total antioxidant capacity in vitro. To assess the protection provided by the EPS against uranium nephrotoxicity, a single dose of 2mg/kg uranyl nitrate was injected intraperitoneally to albino Wistar rats. As intervention, the EPS was administered orally (100mg/kg/day) for 4 consecutive days. The rats were sacrificed on the fifth day and analyses were conducted. Increased serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels and histopathological alterations in kidneys were observed in uranyl nitrate treated animals. All these alterations were reduced with the administration of Enterobacter sp. YG4 EPS, emphasizing a novel approach in treating uranium nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraj K
- Yenepoya research centre, Yenepoya University, Deralakatte - 575018, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rekha Punchapady Devasya
- Yenepoya research centre, Yenepoya University, Deralakatte - 575018, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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6
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Hao Y, Liu C, Huang J, Gu Y, Li H, Yang Z, Liu J, Wang W, Li R. Ghrelin protects against depleted uranium-induced apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells through oxidative stress-mediated p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 290:116-25. [PMID: 26529667 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Depleted uranium (DU) mainly accumulates in the bone over the long term. Osteoblast cells are responsible for the formation of bone, and they are sensitive to DU damage. However, studies investigating methods of reducing DU damage in osteoblasts are rarely reported. Ghrelin is a stomach hormone that stimulates growth hormones released from the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, and it is believed to play an important physiological role in bone metabolism. This study evaluates the impact of ghrelin on DU-induced apoptosis of the osteoblast MC3T3-E1 and investigates its underlying mechanisms. The results show that ghrelin relieved the intracellular oxidative stress induced by DU, eliminated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced lipid peroxidation by increasing intracellular GSH levels; in addition, ghrelin effectively suppressed apoptosis, enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential, and inhibited cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation after DU exposure. Moreover, ghrelin significantly reduced the expression of DU-induced phosphorylated p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). A specific inhibitor (SB203580) or specific siRNA of p38-MAPK could significantly suppress DU-induced apoptosis and related signals, whereas ROS production was not affected. In addition, ghrelin receptor inhibition could reduce the anti-apoptosis effect of ghrelin on DU and reverse the effect of ghrelin on intracellular ROS and p38-MAPK after DU exposure. These results suggest that ghrelin can suppress DU-induced apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells, reduce DU-induced oxidative stress by interacting with its receptor, and inhibit downstream p38-MAPK activation, thereby suppressing the mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Cong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jiawei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ying Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhangyou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People Hospital, Shanghai 200233, PR China.
| | - Rong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China.
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7
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Yun J, Kim BG, Kang JS, Park SK, Lee K, Hyun DH, Kim HM, In MJ, Kim DC. Lipid-soluble ginseng extract inhibits invasion and metastasis of B16F10 melanoma cells. J Med Food 2015; 18:102-8. [PMID: 25354136 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.3138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to elucidate the effect of a lipid-soluble ginseng extract (LSGE) on cancer invasion and metastasis. The LSGE, even at noncytotoxic concentrations, potently inhibited invasion and migration of B16F10 mouse melanoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. In the presence of 3 μg/mL of LSGE, the invasion and migration of B16F10 cells were significantly inhibited by 98.1% and 71.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the LSGE decreased mRNA and protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 in B16F10 cells, leading to a decrease in MMP-2 activity. After B16F10 cells were intravenously injected in the tail vein of C57BL/6 mice, 1000 mg/kg/day of LSGE was orally administered for 13 days, after which lung metastasis of cancer cells was inhibited by 59.3%. These findings indicate that LSGE inhibits cancer cell invasion and migration in vitro and lung metastasis of melanoma cells in vivo by inhibiting MMP-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Yun
- 1 Bio-Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Ochang, Republic of Korea
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Hao Y, Huang J, Gu Y, Liu C, Li H, Liu J, Ren J, Yang Z, Peng S, Wang W, Li R. Metallothionein deficiency aggravates depleted uranium-induced nephrotoxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 287:306-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Šömen Joksić A, Katz SA. Chelation therapy for treatment of systemic intoxication with uranium: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2015; 50:1479-1488. [PMID: 26305139 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.1071154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of naturally occurring uranium have been found in small geographic areas throughout the world. Exposure of the general public to uranium is most often by the ingestion of food and water containing natural uranium from the hydrogeological environment, but this likelihood is remote. However, the risk is increased in regions where uranium is mined, milled, processed and/or fabricated as well as in the vicinity of former battlefields where depleted uranium munitions were deployed. Exposure in such cases is by the inhalation route. Internalized uranium is a long-term hazard the toxicity of which depends upon the dose and the dose rate as well as other parameters such as the chemical form and site of deposition of the uranium and the physiology of the host. The radiological toxicity and the chemical toxicity of uranium and its compounds are responsible for kidney damage and lung cancer. The vulnerable groups are the very young and the very old, individuals predisposed to hypertension or osteoporosis and individuals with chronic kidney disease. Those subject to long-term exposure from internalized uranium are a greater risk for the long-term implications. The accumulation of uranium may be mitigated by decreasing its absorption, distribution and deposition and increasing its elimination with chelating agents. The formation of soluble chelates may enhance the mobilization of uranium deposited in tissue and expedite its transport to and elimination from the renal system. The focus of this review is on the use of chelating agents to enhance decorporation of uranium thereby reducing the risk of intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Šömen Joksić
- a National Institute of Public Health, RU Koper , Koper , Republic of Slovenia
- b University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences , Izola , Republic of Slovenia
| | - Sidney A Katz
- c Department of Chemistry , Rutgers University , Camden , New Jersey , USA
- d University of Nova Gorica, School for Environmental Sciences , Nova Gorica , Republic of Slovenia
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Pannu TS, Sukhmani, Gill KS. Uranium-Toxicity and Uranium-Induced Osteosarcoma Using A New Regimen and Surgery : A First-Time Experience. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:RD01-3. [PMID: 26266171 PMCID: PMC4525560 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/12055.6007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Uranium isotopes have always been problematic to mankind since many centuries. Different studies all over the world have been unable to reveal causal relationship between uranium and its toxic effects on kidneys, bone and lungs. In this case report, we present a rare association of uranium toxicity with renal dysfunction and possibility of induction of osteosarcoma by an unknown mechanism. The presentation of the 12-year-old patient was reduction in urine output along with joint pains, seemed like that of diabetes mellitus, as he was already on insulin. The patient later diagnosed to have uranium toxicity. This case is an instance of strong association between medicine and public health. With complete history, physical examination and required investigations, all common causes like NSAID toxicity, aminoglycoside toxicity and exacerbation of diabetes were ruled out. Uranium investigations were done lastly based on the toxicology report of drinking water (South African toxicologist, Caron Smith). In the management strategy, the new regimen CBMIDA, supported by studies in Europe, was used. However, to our surprise, joint symptoms tracked their way to a diagnosis of osteosarcoma, which was later operated upon by our orthopaedic surgery team. Histopathologically, it was found to be a chondroblastic type of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sukhmani
- Intern,Government Medical College, Amritsar, India
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Hao Y, Ren J, Liu C, Li H, Liu J, Yang Z, Li R, Su Y. Zinc protects human kidney cells from depleted uranium-induced apoptosis. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 114:271-80. [PMID: 24330236 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Depleted uranium (DU) is a weak radioactive heavy metal, and zinc (Zn) is an effective antidote to heavy metal poisoning. However, the effect of Zn on DU-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis is not completely understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Zn on DU-induced cell apoptosis in human kidney cells (HK-2) and explore its molecular mechanism. Pre-treatment with Zn significantly inhibited DU-induced apoptosis. It reduced the formation of reactive oxygen species in the cells, increased the catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations, suppressed the DU-induced soluble Fas receptor (sFasR) and soluble Fas ligand (sFasL) overexpression, suppressed the release of cytochrome c and apoptosis inhibitor factor (AIF) from mitochondria to cytoplasm, inhibited the activation of caspase-9, caspase-8 and caspase-3, and induced metallothionein (MT) expression. Furthermore, exogenous MT effectively inhibited DU-induced cell apoptosis. In conclusion, mitochondrial and FasR-mediated apoptosis pathways contribute to DU-induced apoptosis in HK-2 cells. Through independent mechanisms, such as indirect antioxidant effects, inhibition of the activation of caspase-9, caspase-8 and caspase-3, and induction of MT expression, Zn inhibits DU-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
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Bao Y, Wang D, Hu Y, Xu A, Chen H. Efficacy of Chelator CBMIDA-CaNa2 for the Removal of Uranium and Protection against Uranium-induced Cell Damage in Human Renal Proximal Tubular Cells. HEALTH PHYSICS 2013; 105:31-38. [PMID: 35606995 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0b013e31828911a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In animal experiments, catechol-3,6-bis(methyleiminodiacetic acid) (CBMIDA) was proven to be an effective chelator for the decorporation of uranium (U)(VI). In the present study, the authors investigated the molecular processes of CBMIDA-CaNa2 on the removal of U(VI) at the cellular level and explored its protective effects and mechanism against U(VI)-induced cell damage in HK-2 human renal proximal tubular cells. The results indicated that the chelating U(VI) effect of CBMIDA-CaNa2 was superior compared to that of DTPA-CaNa3; more specifically, at concentrations of 50 and 250 μM, CBMIDA-CaNa2 can significantly reduce U(VI) uptake and increase U(VI) release in U(VI)-exposed HK-2 cells after immediate or 24-h and 48-h delayed chelator administration better than those of DTPA-CaNa3. Furthermore, CBMIDA-CaNa2 significantly decreased the lactate dehydrogenase release and the formation of micronuclei and inhibited the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HK-2 cells exposed to U(VI), whereas DTPA-CaNa3 was demonstrated to be ineffective. By reviewing the results of animal experiments conducted by several other investigators, including this lab, the authors found that removal efficacy and protective effects of these two chelators for U(VI) at the cellular level agreed well with those of animal studies. In addition, although U(VI) induced the increase of metallothionein protein expression in HK-2 cells, CBMIDA-CaNa2 can mobilize and remove the U(VI) from metallothionen (MT) after 48-h delayed chelator treatment. These results suggested that CBMIDA-CaNa2 protected against U(VI)-induced HK-2 cells damaged by reducing U(VI) uptake, increasing U(VI) release and scavenging the U(VI)-induced intracellular ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhong Bao
- *Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Bao Y, Wang D, Li Z, Hu Y, Xu A, Wang Q, Shao C, Chen H. Efficacy of a novel chelator BPCBG for removing uranium and protecting against uranium-induced renal cell damage in rats and HK-2 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 269:17-24. [PMID: 23454449 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Chelation therapy is a known effective method to increase the excretion of U(VI) from the body. Until now, no any uranium chelator has been approved for emergency medical use worldwide. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of new ligand BPCBG containing two catechol groups and two aminocarboxylic acid groups in decorporation of U(VI) and protection against acute U(VI) nephrotoxicity in rats, and further explored the detoxification mechanism of BPCBG for U(VI)-induced nephrotoxicity in HK-2 cells with comparison to DTPA-CaNa₃. Chelating agents were administered at various times before or after injections of U(VI) in rats. The U(VI) levels in urine, kidneys and femurs were measured 24 h after U(VI) injections. Histopathological changes in the kidney and serum urea and creatinine and urine protein were examined. After treatment of U(VI)-exposed HK-2 cells with chelating agent, the intracellular U(VI) contents, formation of micronuclei, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed. It was found that prompt, advanced or delayed injections of BPCBG effectively increased 24 h-urinary U(VI) excretion and decreased the levels of U(VI) in kidney and bone. Meanwhile, BPCBG injection obviously reduced the severity of the U(VI)-induced histological alterations in the kidney, which was in parallel with the amelioration noted in serum indicators, urea and creatinine, and urine protein of U(VI) nephrotoxicity. In U(VI)-exposed HK-2 cells, immediate and delayed treatment with BPCBG significantly decreased the formation of micronuclei and LDH release by inhibiting the cellular U(VI) intake, promoting the intracellular U(VI) release and inhibiting the production of intracellular ROS. Our data suggest that BPCBG is a novel bi-functional U(VI) decorporation agent with a better efficacy than DTPA-CaNa₃.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhong Bao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
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Hao Y, Ren J, Liu J, Luo S, Ma T, Li R, Su Y. The Protective Role of Zinc against Acute Toxicity of Depleted Uranium in Rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2012; 111:402-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2012.00910.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury; Institute of Combined Injury; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Jiong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury; Institute of Combined Injury; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury; Institute of Combined Injury; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Shenglin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury; Institute of Combined Injury; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Ting Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury; Institute of Combined Injury; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Rong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury; Institute of Combined Injury; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Yongping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury; Institute of Combined Injury; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
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Zhang XF, Ding CL, Liu H, Liu LH, Zhao CQ. Protective effects of ion-imprinted chitooligosaccharides as uranium-specific chelating agents against the cytotoxicity of depleted uranium in human kidney cells. Toxicology 2011; 286:75-84. [PMID: 21645583 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Occupational internal contamination with depleted uranium (DU) compounds can induce radiological and chemical toxicity, and an effective and specific uranium-chelating agent for clinical use is urgently needed. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a series of synthesized water-soluble metal-ion-imprinted chitooligosaccharides can be used as uranium-specific chelating agents, because the chitooligosaccharides have excellent heavy metal ion chelation property and the ion-imprinting technology can improve the selective recognition of template ions. DU-poisoned human renal proximal tubule epithelium cells (human kidney 2 cells, HK-2) were used to assess the detoxification of these chitooligosaccharides. The DU-chelating capacity and selectivity of the chitooligosaccharides were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Cell viability, cellular accumulation of DU, membrane damage, DNA damage, and morphological changes in the cellular ultrastructure were examined to assess the detoxification of these chitooligosaccharides. The results showed that the Cu²⁺-imprinted chitooligosaccharides, especially the Cu²⁺-imprinted glutaraldehyde-crosslinked carboxymethyl chitooligosaccharide (Cu-Glu-CMC), chelated DU effectively and specifically, and significantly reduced the loss of cell viability induced by DU and reduced cellular accumulation of DU in a dose-dependent manner, owing to their chelation of DU outside cells and their prevention of DU internalization. The ultrastructure observation clearly showed that Cu-Glu-CMC-chelated-DU precipitates, mostly outside cells, were grouped in significantly larger clusters, and they barely entered the cells by endocytosis or in any other way. Treatment with Cu-Glu-CMC also increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and reduced membrane damage and DNA damage induced by DU oxidant injury. Cu-Glu-CMC was more effective than the positive control drug, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), in protection of HK-2 cells against DU cytotoxicity, as a result of its chelation of UO₂²⁺ to prevent the DU internalization and its antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-fei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Liu G, Men P, Kenner GH. 1-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)Methyl-2-Methyl-3-Hydroxyl-4-Pyridinone: ATargeted, Bifunctional Chelating Agent for Potential Uranic Detoxification in the Kidney. Hemoglobin 2011; 35:291-300. [DOI: 10.3109/03630269.2011.563713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Lee SD, Park SK, Lee ES, Kim HM, Lee CW, Lee K, Lee KH, Kang MR, Lee KS, Lee J, Hwang WI, Kim DC. A Lipid-Soluble Red Ginseng Extract Inhibits the Growth of Human Lung Tumor Xenografts in Nude Mice. J Med Food 2010; 13:1-5. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Dong Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul
| | - Song-Kyu Park
- Bio-Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang
| | - Eun Sil Lee
- NH Hansamin Co., Ltd., Jeungpyeong, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju
| | - Hwan Mook Kim
- Bio-Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang
| | - Chang Woo Lee
- Bio-Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang
| | - Kiho Lee
- Bio-Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang
| | - Ki Hoon Lee
- Bio-Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang
| | - Moo Rim Kang
- Bio-Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang
| | - Kwang Seung Lee
- NH Hansamin Co., Ltd., Jeungpyeong, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju
| | - Junsoo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju
| | - Woo Ik Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Korea University, Seoul
| | - Dong Chung Kim
- Institute of Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon
- Department of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Chungwoon University, Hongseong, Republic of Korea
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The toxicity of depleted uranium. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2010; 7:303-13. [PMID: 20195447 PMCID: PMC2819790 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph7010303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Depleted uranium (DU) is an emerging environmental pollutant that is introduced into the environment primarily by military activity. While depleted uranium is less radioactive than natural uranium, it still retains all the chemical toxicity associated with the original element. In large doses the kidney is the target organ for the acute chemical toxicity of this metal, producing potentially lethal tubular necrosis. In contrast, chronic low dose exposure to depleted uranium may not produce a clear and defined set of symptoms. Chronic low-dose, or subacute, exposure to depleted uranium alters the appearance of milestones in developing organisms. Adult animals that were exposed to depleted uranium during development display persistent alterations in behavior, even after cessation of depleted uranium exposure. Adult animals exposed to depleted uranium demonstrate altered behaviors and a variety of alterations to brain chemistry. Despite its reduced level of radioactivity evidence continues to accumulate that depleted uranium, if ingested, may pose a radiologic hazard. The current state of knowledge concerning DU is discussed.
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