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Zhang L, Levy I, Vassileva E. Determination of uranium isotopes in marine sediments and seawaters by SF ICP-MS after rapid chemical separation using TK200 resin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:44671-44683. [PMID: 36696061 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25513-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This work provided a novel analytical procedure for rapid and precise uranium isotopic determination in marine sediment and seawater, using a new type of extraction resin, TK200 resin, in combination with microwave digestion (for marine sediments), Fe(OH)3 co-precipitation (for seawater), and single collector sector field-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF ICP-MS) measurement. The removal ability of TK200 extraction chromatography for the interfering elements (IEs) Hg, Pb, Th, Pt, Tl, and the matrix rare earth elements (REEs) was carefully investigated. High decontamination factors (DFs) were obtained for IEs and REEs. Accurate quantification of uranium isotope ratios was accomplished based on a "double-cycle" ICP-MS measurement method. The analytical method was optimized and validated with isotopic standards (IRMM-187), matrix-containing certified reference marine sediments (IAEA-384, IAEA-385, and IAEA-412), and seawater reference material (IAEA-443). A stable chemical recovery of ~ 90% was obtained for both types of marine environmental samples, and the method showed great efficiency with a total analytical time of less than 6 h. The proposed procedure was validated following ISO/IEC 17025 guidelines. The important factors affecting the isotope ratio results (instrument background, procedural blank, memory effects, peak tailing, mass discrimination, dead time, and hydride interferences) were considered in the estimation of combined uncertainties. This work provides an alternative way for the determination of trace uranium isotope ratios and can be applied in the emergency monitoring of nuclear accidents and marine environmental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Marine Environment Laboratories, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco, Principality of Monaco.
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China.
| | - Isabelle Levy
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Marine Environment Laboratories, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | - Emilia Vassileva
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Marine Environment Laboratories, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco, Principality of Monaco
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2
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Xiao G, Button J. Rapid determination of 235U/238U in urine using Q-ICP-MS by a simple dilute-and-shoot approach. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022; 332:185-191. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08713-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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3
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Wang W, Evans RD, Evans HE. A rapid, automated system for the separation, preconcentration and measurement of 90Sr, and U, Am and Pu isotopes. Talanta 2021; 233:122507. [PMID: 34215122 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An online separation and preconcentration method, using an automated flow injection setup and solid phase extraction followed by ICP-MS/MS, was developed for the analysis of 90Sr, and U, Am and Pu isotopes in various liquid sample matrices. The radionuclide analytes were separated from interferences and complex matrices using DGA-branched resin and Sr resin, then specific gases were used in the reaction/collision cell in the ICP-MS/MS to measure the different analytes. The system requires smaller sample volumes (10 mL), less sample preparation and shorter processing time (46 min per sample) compared to traditional radiometric and other MS techniques. Based on a 10 mL sample, the limits of detection were 1.48 pg L-1 (8257 mBq L-1) for 90Sr, 1.75 pg L-1 (0.40 mBq L-1) for 234U, 0.65 pg L-1 (77.65 mBq L-1) for 241Am, and 0.56 pg L-1 (1.25 mBq L-1) for 239Pu when all target analytes were measured in one analysis. The analytical figures of merit were evaluated for a range of sample matrices including lake water, seawater and urine and were comparable to those reported in the literature. This online system thus provides a novel, fully automated analytical tool with faster analysis time, smaller sample requirements, minimum sample preparation, low detection limits and the flexibility to handle single and multiple measurements of various radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, 1600, West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario, K9L 0G2, Canada.
| | - R Douglas Evans
- School of the Environment and Water Quality Center, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario, K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Hayla E Evans
- School of the Environment and Water Quality Center, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario, K9L 0G2, Canada
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4
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Xiao G, Jones RL. Determination of Pu-239 in Urine by Sector Field Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS) Using an Automated Offline Sample Preparation Technique. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021; 328:277-287. [PMID: 34092837 PMCID: PMC8176913 DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07622-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a new procedure to determine Pu-239 in urine using a custom-made automated pre-analytical processing system (single probe) with Pu-242 as a tracer followed by analysis by SF-ICP-MS. An average Pu-242 recovery rate of 88% was obtained with CF-ThU-1000 columns reused >100 times. Analytical results agree with measurements obtained using the CDC manual method with a R2 of 0.9994. Results for Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) reference materials (RM) align with target values with a bias range of -3.44% to 3.05%. The limit of detection for this method is 0.63 pg/L, which is comparable to previous manual methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Xiao
- Inorganic and Radiation Analytical Toxicology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Mail Stop S110-5, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Robert L. Jones
- Inorganic and Radiation Analytical Toxicology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Mail Stop S110-5, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
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5
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An improved method for uranium separation from urine for rapid bioassay by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07335-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Zirakparvar NA, Hexel CR, Smith JB, Miskowiec AJ, Spano TL, Kapsimalis R. A preliminary investigation into the use of molecular oxide and hydride secondary ion relationships for improvement of the 236U/ 238U determination on a NanoSIMS 50L. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12285. [PMID: 32704033 PMCID: PMC7378080 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A NanoSIMS 50L is used to investigate uranium molecular (235U16O, 236U16O, 238U16O, 235U1H, 238U1H, 236U16O1H, and 238U16O1H) and elemental (235U, 236U, and 238U) secondary ion production during sputtering of synthetic UO2 and the NIST-610 standard to determine if: (1) the 236U16O/238U16O molecular oxide ratio performs better than the 236U/238U elemental ratio, and (2) there is co-variance between the molecular hydrides and oxides. Despite an order of magnitude greater abundance of 236U16O secondary ions (compared to 236U), the 236U16O/238U16O ratios are less accurate than the 236U/238U ratios. Further work is needed before the higher count rate of the 236U16O secondary ion can be used to obtain a better 236U/238U ratio. The second objective was undertaken because correction for the interference of 235U1H on the 236U secondary ion species typically utilizes the 238U1H/238U ratio. This becomes problematic in samples containing 239Pu, so our aim was to understand if the hydride formation rate can be constrained independently of having to measure the 238U1H. We document correlations between the hydride (238U1H and 238U16O1H) and oxide (236U16O) secondary ions, suggesting that pursuing an alternative correction regime is worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Alex Zirakparvar
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA.
| | - Cole R Hexel
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA.
| | - Julie B Smith
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA.
| | - Andrew J Miskowiec
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Tyler L Spano
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Roger Kapsimalis
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
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Jaegler H, Gourgiotis A, Steier P, Golser R, Diez O, Cazala C. Pushing Limits of ICP-MS/MS for the Determination of Ultralow 236U/ 238U Isotope Ratios. Anal Chem 2020; 92:7869-7876. [PMID: 32370491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Determination of uranium isotope ratios is of great expedience for assessing its origin in environmental samples. In particular, the 236U/238U isotope ratio provides a powerful tool to discriminate between the different sources of uranium (uranium ore, geochemical background, and uranium from anthropogenic activities). However, in the environment, this ratio is typically below 10-8. This low abundance of 236U and the presence in large excess of major isotopes (mainly 238U and 235U) complicates the accurate detection of 236U signal by mass spectrometry and thus highly sensitive analytical instruments providing high abundance sensitivity are required. This work pushes the limits of triple quadrupole-based ICP-MS technology for accurate detection of 236U/238U isotope ratios down to 10-10, which is so far mainly achievable by AMS. Coupled with an efficient desolvating module, N2O was used as the reaction gas in the collision reaction cell of the ICP-MS/MS. This configuration allows a significant decrease of the uranium polyatomic interferences (235UH+ ions) and an accurate determination of low 236U/238U isotope ratios. This new methodology was successfully validated through measurements of certified reference material from 10-7 to 10-9 and then through comparisons with AMS measurement results for ratios down to 10-10. This is the first time that 236U/238U isotope ratios as low as 10-10 were determined by ICP-MS/MS. The possibility of measuring low 236U/238U isotope ratios can offer a large variety of geochemical applications in particular for the determination of uranium sources in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Jaegler
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SEDRE/LELI, 31 Avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Alkiviadis Gourgiotis
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SEDRE/LELI, 31 Avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Peter Steier
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Isotope Research and Nuclear Physics, Vienna Environmental Research Accelerator, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robin Golser
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Isotope Research and Nuclear Physics, Vienna Environmental Research Accelerator, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Olivier Diez
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SEDRE/LELI, 31 Avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Charlotte Cazala
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SEDRE/LELI, 31 Avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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8
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Xiao G, Liu Y, Jones RL. Determination of 237Np and 239Pu in urine using sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS). J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Xiao G, Liu Y, Jones RL. Determination of 237Np and 239Pu in Urine Using Sector Field Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS). J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020; 324:887-896. [PMID: 32419716 PMCID: PMC7226915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Measuring 237Np and 239Pu in urine at low levels is important for both biomonitoring and radiological emergency response. Here we report a newly developed and validated analytical method used to determine 237Np and 239Pu in urine by selective retention of Np and Pu from 2mL of urine directly onto TEVA® resin followed by SF-ICP-MS (coupled to a membrane desolvating introduction system) detection. The method provides solid phase extraction of Np/Pu with observed recovery ratios ranging from 89% to 113% and rapid results with limits of detection well below recommended detection guidelines for children and pregnant women (NCRP 161 reference).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Xiao
- Inorganic and Radiation Analytical Toxicology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Mail Stop S110-5, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Yongzhong Liu
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Atlanta Analytical Services, 2987 Clairmont Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Robert L. Jones
- Inorganic and Radiation Analytical Toxicology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Mail Stop S110-5, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
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10
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Wu G, Zhu JM, Wang X, Johnson TM, Han G. High-Sensitivity Measurement of Cr Isotopes by Double Spike MC-ICP-MS at the 10 ng Level. Anal Chem 2019; 92:1463-1469. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jian-Ming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Xiangli Wang
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36688, United States
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, Alabama 36528, United States
| | - Thomas M. Johnson
- Department of Geology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 3081 Natural History Building, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Guilin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
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11
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A NanoSIMS 50 L Investigation into Improving the Precision and Accuracy of the 235U/238U Ratio Determination by Using the Molecular 235U16O and 238U16O Secondary Ions. MINERALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/min9050307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A NanoSIMS 50 L was used to study the relationship between the 235U/238U atomic and 235U16O/238U16O molecular uranium isotope ratios determined from a variety of uranium compounds (UO2, UO2F2, UO3, UO2(NO3)2·6(H2O), and UF4) and silicates (NIST-610 glass and the Plesovice zircon reference materials, both containing µg/g uranium). Because there is typically a greater abundance of 235U16O+ and 238U16O+ molecular secondary ions than 235U+ and 238U+ atomic ions when uranium-bearing materials are sputtered with an oxygen primary ion beam, the goal was to understand whether use of 235U16O/238U16O has the potential for improved accuracy and precision when compared to the 235U/238U ratio. The UO2 and silicate reference materials showed the greatest potential for improved accuracy and precision through use of the 235U16O/238U16O ratio as compared to the 235U/238U ratio. For the UO2, which was investigated at a variety of primary beam currents, and the silicate reference materials, which were only investigated using a single primary beam current, this improvement was especially pronounced at low 235U+ count rates. In contrast, comparison of the 235U16O/238U16O ratio versus the 235U/238U ratio from the other uranium compounds clearly indicates that the 235U16O/238U16O ratio results in worse precision and accuracy. This behavior is based on the observation that the atomic (235U+ and 238U+) to molecular (235U16O+ and 238U16O+) secondary ion production rates remain internally consistent within the UO2 and silicate reference materials, whereas it is highly variable in the other uranium compounds. Efforts to understand the origin of this behavior suggest that irregular sample surface topography, and/or molecular interferences arising from the manner in which the UO2F2, UO3, UO2(NO3)2·6(H2O), and UF4 were prepared, may be a major contributing factor to the inconsistent relationship between the observed atomic and molecular secondary ion yields. Overall, the results suggest that for certain bulk compositions, use of the 235U16O/238U16O may be a viable approach to improving the precision and accuracy in situations where a relatively low 235U+ count rate is expected.
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12
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Thakur P, Ward AL. An Overview of Analytical Methods for in Vitro Bioassay of Actinides. HEALTH PHYSICS 2019; 116:694-714. [PMID: 30908319 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The bioassay of urine and fecal samples has been used since the 1940s to determine an individual's uptake of uranium and actinide elements such as americium and plutonium. Over the years, several analytical separation methods and techniques have been employed for these types of analyses. Analytical separations, ranging from solvent extraction and anion exchange to chromatography, and analytical techniques, ranging from autoradiography to kinetic phosphorescence to fission-track analysis and high-resolution solid-state alpha spectroscopy, have been used at one time or another. Over the last few decades, there have been significant advances in radiochemical separations, as well as an increased use of mass spectroscopy, to determine trace and ultratrace levels of actinides in urine and fecal samples. This review summarizes and discusses developments in radiochemical separation methods and advancements in analytical techniques for actinide bioassay since the early 1940s to the present, followed by a recent development and trend in the bioassay of actinides-particularly in urine and fecal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Thakur
- Carlsbad Environmental Monitoring and Research Center
| | - A L Ward
- US Department of Energy, Carlsbad Field Office
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13
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Development and application of mass spectrometric techniques for ultra-trace determination of 236U in environmental samples-A review. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 995:1-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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14
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Ultrasensitive DNAzyme based amperometric determination of uranyl ion using mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with Methylene Blue. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2397-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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15
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Abstract
We have developed a quadrupole ICP-MS method for detecting sub-picogram quantities of 235U in contaminated foods. Notable features included elimination of the requirement for possessing licensed nuclear materials so that non-radiochemical laboratories may perform this analysis in the event of a large-scale nuclear or radiological emergency calling for high sample surge capacity, elimination of several extremely hazardous reagents in sample analysis e.g. aqua regia and hydrofluoric acid, and the method was developed for applying a moderately priced, and widely used quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (Q-ICP-MS). This method could be quickly implemented at many laboratories to increase emergency response capability.
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Arnason JG, Pellegri CN, Moore JL, Lewis-Michl EL, Parsons PJ. Depleted and enriched uranium exposure quantified in former factory workers and local residents of NL Industries, Colonie, NY USA. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 150:629-638. [PMID: 27179584 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Between 1958 and 1982, NL Industries manufactured components of enriched (EU) and depleted uranium (DU) at a factory in Colonie NY, USA. More than 5 metric tons of DU was deposited as microscopic DU oxide particles on the plant site and surrounding residential community. A prior study involving a small number of individuals (n=23) indicated some residents were exposed to DU and former workers to both DU and EU, most probably through inhalation of aerosol particles. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to measure total uranium [U] and the uranium isotope ratios: (234)U/(238)U; (235)U/(238)U; and (236)U/(238)U, in the urine of a cohort of former workers and nearby residents of the NLI factory, to characterize individual exposure to natural uranium (NU), DU, and EU more than 3 decades after production ceased. METHODS We conducted a biomonitoring study in a larger cohort of 32 former workers and 99 residents, who may have been exposed during its period of operation, by measuring Total U, NU, DU, and EU in urine using Sector Field Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS). RESULTS Among workers, 84% were exposed to DU, 9% to EU and DU, and 6% to natural uranium (NU) only. For those exposed to DU, urinary isotopic and [U] compositions result from binary mixing of NU and the DU plant feedstock. Among residents, 8% show evidence of DU exposure, whereas none shows evidence of EU exposure. For residents, the [U] geometric mean is significantly below the value reported for NHANES. There is no significant difference in [U] between exposed and unexposed residents, suggesting that [U] alone is not a reliable indicator of exposure to DU in this group. CONCLUSIONS Ninety four percent of workers tested showed evidence of exposure to DU, EU or both, and were still excreting DU and EU decades after leaving the workforce. The study demonstrates the advantage of measuring multiple isotopic ratios (e.g., (236)U/(238)U and (235)U/(238)U) over a single ratio ((235)U/(238)U) in determining sources of uranium exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Arnason
- Laboratory of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, The University at Albany, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
| | - Christine N Pellegri
- Laboratory of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
| | - June L Moore
- Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, Center for Environmental Health, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Lewis-Michl
- Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, Center for Environmental Health, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Patrick J Parsons
- Laboratory of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, The University at Albany, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA.
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17
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Xiao G, Saunders D, Jones RL, Caldwell KL. Determination of 241Am in Urine Using Sector Field Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS). J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2016; 301:285-291. [PMID: 27375308 DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of 241Am in urine at low levels is important for assessment of individuals' or populations' accidental, environmental, or terrorism-related internal contamination, but no convenient, precise method has been established to rapidly determine these low levels. Here we report a new analytical method to measure 241Am as developed and validated at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) by means of the selective retention of Am from urine directly on DGA resin, followed by SF-ICP-MS detection. The method provides rapid results with a Limit of Detection (LOD) of 0.22 pg/L (0.028 Bq/L), which is lower than 1/3 of the C/P CDG for 241Am at 5 days post-exposure. The results obtained by this method closely agree with CDC values as measured by Liquid Scintillation Counting, and with National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST) Certified Reference Materials (CRM) target values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Xiao
- Inorganic and Radiation Analytical Toxicology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford HWY, Mail Stop F50, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - David Saunders
- Inorganic and Radiation Analytical Toxicology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford HWY, Mail Stop F50, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Robert L Jones
- Inorganic and Radiation Analytical Toxicology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford HWY, Mail Stop F50, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Kathleen L Caldwell
- Inorganic and Radiation Analytical Toxicology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford HWY, Mail Stop F50, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
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