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Tulik P, Maciak M, Tulik M. A dosimetric comparison of 3D-CRT, IMRT and IMAT treatment techniques - assessment from radiation protection point of view. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2024; 29:69-76. [PMID: 39165590 PMCID: PMC11333076 DOI: 10.5603/rpor.99025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose was to assess the impact of irradiation technique type and beam energy on the mixed radiation field around the medical linear accelerator (linac) in terms of radiation quality and related radiation protection quantities. Materials and methods Seven radiotherapeutic plans with Alderson-Rando anthropomorphic phantom [different techniques: conventional three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and intensity modulated arc therapy (IMAT), different beams: 6 MV or 18 MV, and their arrangements) were prepared for the case of prostate malignancy. Recombination chambers REM-2 and GW2 were positioned on the treatment couch 100 cm from the beam axis at the height of the isocentre. Recombination chambers REM-2 and GW2 were used for recombination index of radiation quality Q4 determination, measurement of total tissue dose Dt and calculation of gamma and neutron components to Dt. Estimation of Dt and Q4 allowed for the ambient dose equivalent H*(10) calculations for each plan. Results For plans prepared with 6 MV beams, Q4 values within the limits of uncertainty were equal to one, which confirms the correctness of the measurement method. For plans implemented with 18 MV beams, the value of Q4 was in the range of 3.7-5.7. Comparison between treatment techniques indicates that the lowest exposure resulting from out-of-field doses comes from 6 MV IMAT (0.7 mSv), whereas the highest one is from 18 MV IMRT (55.1 mSv). Conclusion With the recombination chambers technique it was confirmed that the choice of beam energy directly affects the generation of photoneutrons. The treatment plan technique can have a significant impact on the out-of-field dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Tulik
- Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Maciak
- Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Tulik
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Kuć M. Fast method of determining the ambient dose equivalent at a depth of 10 mm of gamma-neutron fields based on recombination methods. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2023; 199:1872-1876. [PMID: 37819297 PMCID: PMC10566542 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The subject of the work is the presentation of a new measurement algorithm to be used in dosimetry, based on recombination chambers and methods. The algorithm enables fast measurements of the ambient dose equivalent rate H*(10) with a time resolution of several seconds. In addition to significantly reducing the measurement time, the method allows for the automation of the measurement with continuous evaluation of the results quality. Operating principles are based on frequent charge measurements with precise determination of the measurement moment. With well-known charge and measurement time, the ionisation current and therefore H*(10) can be easily calculated. The time constant of such a system is close to zero and allows to shorten the measurement time dozens of times while improving the quality of measurement by analysing the collected charge course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Kuć
- Radiological Metrology and Biomedical Physics Division, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Andrzeja Sołtana 7, 05-400 Otwock, Poland
- Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Św. A. Boboli 8, 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
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Mares V, Farah J, De Saint-Hubert M, Domański S, Domingo C, Dommert M, Kłodowska M, Krzempek K, Kuć M, Martínez-Rovira I, Michaś E, Mojżeszek N, Murawski Ł, Ploc O, Romero-Expósito M, Tisi M, Trompier F, Van Hoey O, Van Ryckeghem L, Wielunski M, Harrison RM, Stolarczyk L, Olko P. Neutron Radiation Dose Measurements in a Scanning Proton Therapy Room: Can Parents Remain Near Their Children During Treatment? Front Oncol 2022; 12:903706. [PMID: 35912238 PMCID: PMC9330633 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.903706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to characterize the neutron radiation field inside a scanning proton therapy treatment room including the impact of different pediatric patient sizes. Materials and Methods Working Group 9 of the European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) has performed a comprehensive measurement campaign to measure neutron ambient dose equivalent, H*(10), at eight different positions around 1-, 5-, and 10-year-old pediatric anthropomorphic phantoms irradiated with a simulated brain tumor treatment. Several active detector systems were used. Results The neutron dose mapping within the gantry room showed that H*(10) values significantly decreased with distance and angular deviation with respect to the beam axis. A maximum value of about 19.5 µSv/Gy was measured along the beam axis at 1 m from the isocenter for a 10-year-old pediatric phantom at 270° gantry angle. A minimum value of 0.1 µSv/Gy was measured at a distance of 2.25 m perpendicular to the beam axis for a 1-year-old pediatric phantom at 140° gantry angle. The H*(10) dependence on the size of the pediatric patient was observed. At 270° gantry position, the measured neutron H*(10) values for the 10-year-old pediatric phantom were up to 20% higher than those measured for the 5-year-old and up to 410% higher than for the 1-year-old phantom, respectively. Conclusions Using active neutron detectors, secondary neutron mapping was performed to characterize the neutron field generated during proton therapy of pediatric patients. It is shown that the neutron ambient dose equivalent H*(10) significantly decreases with distance and angle with respect to the beam axis. It is reported that the total neutron exposure of a person staying at a position perpendicular to the beam axis at a distance greater than 2 m from the isocenter remains well below the dose limit of 1 mSv per year for the general public (recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection) during the entire treatment course with a target dose of up to 60 Gy. This comprehensive analysis is key for general neutron shielding issues, for example, the safe operation of anesthetic equipment. However, it also enables the evaluation of whether it is safe for parents to remain near their children during treatment to bring them comfort. Currently, radiation protection protocols prohibit the occupancy of the treatment room during beam delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Mares
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Neuherberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Vladimir Mares,
| | - Jad Farah
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-Santé, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marijke De Saint-Hubert
- Belgian Nuclear Research Center, (SCK CEN), Institute for Environment, Health and Safety (EHS), Mol, Belgium
| | - Szymon Domański
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radiological Metrology and Biomedical Physics Division, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - Carles Domingo
- Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Martin Dommert
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Kłodowska
- Cambridge University Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Medical Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katarzyna Krzempek
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, (IFJ PAN), Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Kuć
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radiological Metrology and Biomedical Physics Division, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | | | - Edyta Michaś
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radiological Metrology and Biomedical Physics Division, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - Natalia Mojżeszek
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, (IFJ PAN), Krakow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Murawski
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radiological Metrology and Biomedical Physics Division, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - Ondrej Ploc
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Marco Tisi
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - François Trompier
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-Santé, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Olivier Van Hoey
- Belgian Nuclear Research Center, (SCK CEN), Institute for Environment, Health and Safety (EHS), Mol, Belgium
| | - Laurent Van Ryckeghem
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-Santé, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marek Wielunski
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Roger M. Harrison
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Liliana Stolarczyk
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, (IFJ PAN), Krakow, Poland
- Danish Centre for Particle Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital (AUH), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pawel Olko
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, (IFJ PAN), Krakow, Poland
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Ambrožová I, Beck P, Benton ER, Billnert R, Bottollier-Depois JF, Caresana M, Dinar N, Domański S, Gryziński MA, Kákona M, Kolros A, Krist P, Kuć M, Kyselová D, Latocha M, Leuschner A, Lillhök J, Maciak M, Mareš V, Murawski Ł, Pozzi F, Reitz G, Schennetten K, Silari M, Šlegl J, Sommer M, Štěpán V, Trompier F, Tscherne C, Uchihori Y, Vargas A, Viererbl L, Wielunski M, Wising M, Zorloni G, Ploc O. REFLECT – Research flight of EURADOS and CRREAT: Intercomparison of various radiation dosimeters onboard aircraft. RADIAT MEAS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2020.106433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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