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Ilicic K, Dollinger G, Dombrowsky A, Greubel C, Girst S, Sammer M, Siebenwirth C, Schmid E, Friedrich T, Kundrát P, Friedland W, Scholz M, Combs SE, Schmid TE, Reindl J. Enhanced RBE of Particle Radiation Depends on Beam Size in the Micrometer Range. Radiat Res 2024; 201:140-149. [PMID: 38214379 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00217.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
High-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation, such as heavy ions is associated with a higher relative biological effectiveness (RBE) than low-LET radiation, such as photons. Irradiation with low- and high-LET particles differ in the interaction with the cellular matter and therefore in the spatial dose distribution. When a single high-LET particle interacts with matter, it results in doses of up to thousands of gray (Gy) locally concentrated around the ion trajectory, whereas the mean dose averaged over the target, such as a cell nucleus is only in the range of a Gy. DNA damage therefore accumulates in this small volume. In contrast, up to hundreds of low-LET particle hits are required to achieve the same mean dose, resulting in a quasi-homogeneous damage distribution throughout the cell nucleus. In this study, we investigated the dependence of RBE from different spatial dose depositions using different focused beam spot sizes of proton radiation with respect to the induction of chromosome aberrations and clonogenic cell survival. Human-hamster hybrid (AL) as well as Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) were irradiated with focused low LET protons of 20 MeV (LET = 2.6 keV/µm) beam energy with a mean dose of 1.7 Gy in a quadratic matrix pattern with point spacing of 5.4 × 5.4 µm2 and 117 protons per matrix point at the ion microbeam SNAKE using different beam spot sizes between 0.8 µm and 2.8 µm (full width at half maximum). The dose-response curves of X-ray reference radiation were used to determine the RBE after a 1.7 Gy dose of radiation. The RBE for the induction of dicentric chromosomes and cell inactivation was increased after irradiation with the smallest beam spot diameter (0.8 µm for chromosome aberration experiments and 1.0 µm for cell survival experiments) compared to homogeneous proton radiation but was still below the RBE of a corresponding high LET single ion hit. By increasing the spot size to 1.6-1.8 µm, the RBE decreased but was still higher than for homogeneously distributed protons. By further increasing the spot size to 2.7-2.8 µm, the RBE was no longer different from the homogeneous radiation. Our experiments demonstrate that varying spot size of low-LET radiation gradually modifies the RBE. This underlines that a substantial fraction of enhanced RBE originates from inhomogeneous energy concentrations on the µm scale (mean intertrack distances of low-LET particles below 0.1 µm) and quantifies the link between such energy concentration and RBE. The missing fraction of RBE enhancement when comparing with high-LET ions is attributed to the high inner track energy deposition on the nanometer scale. The results are compared with model results of PARTRAC and LEM for chromosomal aberration and cell survival, respectively, which suggest mechanistic interpretations of the observed radiation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ilicic
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - G Dollinger
- Institute for Applied Physics and Measurement Technology, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - A Dombrowsky
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - C Greubel
- Institute for Applied Physics and Measurement Technology, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - S Girst
- Institute for Applied Physics and Measurement Technology, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - M Sammer
- Institute for Applied Physics and Measurement Technology, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - C Siebenwirth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Germany
- Institute for Applied Physics and Measurement Technology, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - E Schmid
- Department for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany
| | - T Friedrich
- GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Department of Biophysics, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P Kundrát
- GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Department of Biophysics, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - W Friedland
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - M Scholz
- GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Department of Biophysics, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S E Combs
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - T E Schmid
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - J Reindl
- Institute for Applied Physics and Measurement Technology, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany
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Niklas M, Schlegel J, Liew H, Zimmermann F, Rein K, Walsh DW, Dzyubachyk O, Holland-Letz T, Rahmanian S, Greilich S, Runz A, Jäkel O, Debus J, Abdollahi A. Biosensor for deconvolution of individual cell fate in response to ion beam irradiation. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2022; 2:100169. [PMID: 35474967 PMCID: PMC9017136 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Clonogenic survival assay constitutes the gold standard method for quantifying radiobiological effects. However, it neglects cellular radiation response variability and heterogeneous energy deposition by ion beams on the microscopic scale. We introduce "Cell-Fit-HD4D" a biosensor that enables a deconvolution of individual cell fate in response to the microscopic energy deposition as visualized by optical microscopy. Cell-Fit-HD4D enables single-cell dosimetry in clinically relevant complex radiation fields by correlating microscopic beam parameters with biological endpoints. Decrypting the ion beam's energy deposition and molecular effects at the single-cell level has the potential to improve our understanding of radiobiological dose concepts as well as radiobiological study approaches in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Niklas
- Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology and Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology and National Center for Radiation Oncology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Schlegel
- Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology and Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology and National Center for Radiation Oncology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans Liew
- Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology and Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology and National Center for Radiation Oncology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Zimmermann
- Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology and Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology and National Center for Radiation Oncology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Rein
- Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology and Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology and National Center for Radiation Oncology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dietrich W.M. Walsh
- Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology and Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology and National Center for Radiation Oncology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oleh Dzyubachyk
- Department of Radiology and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tim Holland-Letz
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shirin Rahmanian
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Greilich
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Armin Runz
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Jäkel
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology and National Center for Radiation Oncology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology and Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology and National Center for Radiation Oncology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amir Abdollahi
- Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology and Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology and National Center for Radiation Oncology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany
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Nikitaki Z, Pariset E, Sudar D, Costes SV, Georgakilas AG. In Situ Detection of Complex DNA Damage Using Microscopy: A Rough Road Ahead. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3288. [PMID: 33172046 PMCID: PMC7694657 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Complexity of DNA damage is considered currently one if not the primary instigator of biological responses and determinant of short and long-term effects in organisms and their offspring. In this review, we focus on the detection of complex (clustered) DNA damage (CDD) induced for example by ionizing radiation (IR) and in some cases by high oxidative stress. We perform a short historical perspective in the field, emphasizing the microscopy-based techniques and methodologies for the detection of CDD at the cellular level. We extend this analysis on the pertaining methodology of surrogate protein markers of CDD (foci) colocalization and provide a unique synthesis of imaging parameters, software, and different types of microscopy used. Last but not least, we critically discuss the main advances and necessary future direction for the better detection of CDD, with important outcomes in biological and clinical setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharenia Nikitaki
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, DNA Damage Laboratory, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780 Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Eloise Pariset
- Space Biosciences Division, Radiation Biophysics Laboratory, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; (E.P.); (S.V.C.)
- Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - Damir Sudar
- Life Sciences Department, Quantitative Imaging Systems LLC, Portland, OR 97209, USA;
| | - Sylvain V. Costes
- Space Biosciences Division, Radiation Biophysics Laboratory, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; (E.P.); (S.V.C.)
| | - Alexandros G. Georgakilas
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, DNA Damage Laboratory, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780 Zografou, Athens, Greece
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Hofmann W, Li WB, Friedland W, Miller BW, Madas B, Bardiès M, Balásházy I. Internal microdosimetry of alpha-emitting radionuclides. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2020; 59:29-62. [PMID: 31863162 PMCID: PMC7012986 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-019-00826-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
At the tissue level, energy deposition in cells is determined by the microdistribution of alpha-emitting radionuclides in relation to sensitive target cells. Furthermore, the highly localized energy deposition of alpha particle tracks and the limited range of alpha particles in tissue produce a highly inhomogeneous energy deposition in traversed cell nuclei. Thus, energy deposition in cell nuclei in a given tissue is characterized by the probability of alpha particle hits and, in the case of a hit, by the energy deposited there. In classical microdosimetry, the randomness of energy deposition in cellular sites is described by a stochastic quantity, the specific energy, which approximates the macroscopic dose for a sufficiently large number of energy deposition events. Typical examples of the alpha-emitting radionuclides in internal microdosimetry are radon progeny and plutonium in the lungs, plutonium and americium in bones, and radium in targeted radionuclide therapy. Several microdosimetric approaches have been proposed to relate specific energy distributions to radiobiological effects, such as hit-related concepts, LET and track length-based models, effect-specific interpretations of specific energy distributions, such as the dual radiation action theory or the hit-size effectiveness function, and finally track structure models. Since microdosimetry characterizes only the initial step of energy deposition, microdosimetric concepts are most successful in exposure situations where biological effects are dominated by energy deposition, but not by subsequently operating biological mechanisms. Indeed, the simulation of the combined action of physical and biological factors may eventually require the application of track structure models at the nanometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Hofmann
- Biological Physics, Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Wei Bo Li
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Werner Friedland
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Brian W Miller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Balázs Madas
- Environmental Physics Department, MTA Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Manuel Bardiès
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR 1037, INSERM Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Imre Balásházy
- Environmental Physics Department, MTA Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
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Mavragani IV, Nikitaki Z, Kalospyros SA, Georgakilas AG. Ionizing Radiation and Complex DNA Damage: From Prediction to Detection Challenges and Biological Significance. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1789. [PMID: 31739493 PMCID: PMC6895987 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological responses to ionizing radiation (IR) have been studied for many years, generally showing the dependence of these responses on the quality of radiation, i.e., the radiation particle type and energy, types of DNA damage, dose and dose rate, type of cells, etc. There is accumulating evidence on the pivotal role of complex (clustered) DNA damage towards the determination of the final biological or even clinical outcome after exposure to IR. In this review, we provide literature evidence about the significant role of damage clustering and advancements that have been made through the years in its detection and prediction using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. We conclude that in the future, emphasis should be given to a better understanding of the mechanistic links between the induction of complex DNA damage, its processing, and systemic effects at the organism level, like genomic instability and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexandros G. Georgakilas
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Department of Physics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780 Athens, Greece
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